Quick sort task

Author: PTHARRISH

DSA/Sorting Algorithm/quick sort.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Quick Sort 
+# Quick Sort
 # Approach 1:
 # def partition(data,l,r):
 #     pivot=data[r]
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 # data=[1,7,4,1,10,9,-2]
 # print("Unsorted Array")
-# print(data) 
+# print(data)
 # r=len(data)-1
 # print(r)
 # quickSort(data,0,r)
@@ -40,4 +40,18 @@
 # arr = [1, 7, 4, 1, 10, 9, -2]
 # sorted_arr = quicksort(arr)
 # print("Sorted Array in Ascending Order:")
-# print(sorted_arr)
+# print(sorted_arr)
+
+
+def quick_sort(arr):
+    if len(arr) <= 1:
+        return arr
+    pivot = arr[len(arr) // 2]
+    left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
+    middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
+    right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
+    return quick_sort(left) + middle + quick_sort(right)
+
+
+arr = [700, 200, 400, 100, 90]
+print(quick_sort(arr))

Notes/1.Basic/0.Basics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+# What is Programming?
+# Programming is the process of writing instructions that a computer
+# can follow to perform tasks like calculations,
+# data processing, automation, etc.
+
+# Think of it as writing a recipe for a computer.
+
+# Example:
+print("Hello, world!")
+# You’re telling the computer:
+# “Display the text ‘Hello, world!’ on the screen.”
+
+# What is a Programming Language?
+# A programming language is a way to communicate with a computer
+# using specific keywords, rules, and symbols.
+# Python is one such language—others include JavaScript, C++, Java, etc.
+# Python is known for being:
+# Easy to read
+# Powerful
+# Great for beginners and pros alike
+
+# What is Programming Code?
+# Programming Code (or source code) is the set of instructions
+# you write to build a program.
+# It's what the computer runs.
+
+# Example:
+name = "Alice"
+print("Hello, " + name)
+# This is a program written using Python code.
+
+
+# What is Syntax?
+# Syntax is the set of rules that define how you write code correctly
+# in a programming language.
+
+# Like grammar in English — you can’t write "are you how?"
+# instead of "how are you?"
+
+# Incorrect Syntax (will cause error):
+# print "Hello"
+
+# Correct Syntax:
+print("Hello")
+
+# What is Semantics?
+# Semantics is the meaning behind your code.
+# Syntax is how you write it; semantics is what it means.
+
+# Example:
+print("5" + "10")  # Output: "510"
+
+# Correct syntax, but the semantics might be wrong if you expected addition
+# (you got string concatenation instead).
+
+# What is a Script?
+# A script is a file with programming code (usually .py in Python)
+# that runs line-by-line to perform tasks.
+
+# You can run Python scripts to automate tasks like:
+# Sending emails
+# Renaming files
+# Scraping websites
+
+# Example (saved as hello.py):
+# print("Running a script!")
+
+# What is Automation?
+# Automation means writing code to let the computer
+# do tasks for you without manual effort.
+
+# Example: Rename 1000 files instead of doing it one by one.
+
+# Example:
+
+for i in range(1, 4):
+    with open(f"file{i}.txt", "w") as f:
+        f.write("Created by script")
+
+
+# What is a Function?
+# A function is a reusable block of code that performs a task.
+
+
+# Example:
+def greet(name):
+    print("Hello", name)
+
+
+greet("John")  # Output: Hello John
+# You define it once and can reuse it anywhere.
+
+# What is a Variable?
+# A variable is a container for storing data
+# (like a label you stick on a value).
+
+# Example:
+age = 25
+name = "Alice"
+# Here, age holds a number, and name holds text.
+
+# What is a Generic Label (Variable Name)?
+# It’s just another way of referring to a variable name.
+# Use clear, meaningful names.
+
+# Example:
+temperature = 98.6
+username = "bob123"
+# Avoid vague labels like x or data1 unless truly generic.
+
+# What is print() in Python?
+# The print() function displays output to the screen
+# (like debugging or showing results).
+
+# Example:
+print("Hello!")
+
+# What is an f-string?
+# f-strings (formatted strings)
+# let you insert variable values directly inside strings using {}.
+
+# Example:
+name = "Alice"
+age = 30
+print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
+# Much cleaner than:
+
+print("My name is " + name + " and I am " + str(age) + " years old.")
+
+# What is Implicit Conversion?
+# Python automatically converts data types when safe.
+
+# Example:
+x = 5  # int
+y = 2.0  # float
+result = x + y
+print(result)  # Output: 7.0 (converted to float automatically)
+
+# What is Explicit Conversion?
+# You manually convert one data type to another using functions
+# like int(), str(), float(), etc.
+
+# Example:
+age = "25"
+age_num = int(age)  # Convert string to integer
+print(age_num + 5)  # Output: 30
+
+# What is an Expression?
+# An expression is a piece of code that produces a value.
+
+# Can be math, function calls, logic, etc.
+
+# Example:
+x = 5 + 3  # Expression: 5 + 3
+print(len("hello"))  # Expression: len("hello")
+
+
+# What is a Data Type?
+# In Python (and all programming languages),
+# a data type defines the kind of value a variable holds.
+# Think of it like different types of containers:
+# one for water (liquid), one for rice (solid), one for air (gas).
+# You need the right container (or type) for the right content.
+
+# In the same way, Python needs to know the type of data you're working with so
+# it can handle it correctly — like doing math, storing text,
+# looping through items, etc.
+
+# Python Data Types (Main Categories)
+# Python has several built-in data types. Here's a breakdown:
+
+# 1. Numeric Types: For numbers
+# a. int – Integer
+# Whole numbers (positive, negative, or zero)
+
+# Example:
+age = 25
+
+# b. float – Floating-point (decimal) number
+# Numbers with decimal points
+
+# Example:
+# price = 99.99
+
+# c. complex – Complex number (used in math)
+# Numbers with real and imaginary parts
+
+# Example:
+# z = 3 + 5j
+
+# 2. Text Type
+# str – String
+# A sequence of characters (letters, words, sentences)
+
+# Written in quotes ' ' or " "
+
+# Example:
+name = "Alice"
+greeting = "Hello, world!"
+
+# 3. Boolean Type
+# bool – Boolean
+# Only two values: True or False
+# Used in decision making (like if-statements)
+
+# Example:
+is_sunny = True
+has_permission = False
+
+# 4. Sequence Types
+# These store collections of items.
+
+# a. list – Ordered, changeable (mutable), allows duplicates
+
+# Example:
+fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+
+# b. tuple – Ordered, unchangeable (immutable), allows duplicates
+
+# Example:
+dimensions = (1920, 1080)
+
+# c. range – Sequence of numbers, usually used in loops
+
+# Example:
+numbers = range(5)  # same as [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+# 5. Mapping Type
+# dict – Dictionary
+# Stores key-value pairs
+# Unordered (as of Python 3.6+, it maintains insertion order)
+
+# Example:
+person = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
+
+# 6. Set Types
+# Used for storing unique items.
+# a. set – Unordered, no duplicates
+
+# Example:
+colors = {"red", "green", "blue"}
+
+# b. frozenset – Like a set, but unchangeable
+
+# 7. Binary Types
+# Used when working with binary data
+# (e.g., files, images, or network communication).
+
+# bytes
+
+# bytearray
+
+# memoryview
+
+# Example:
+data = b"Hello"  # bytes
+
+# NoneType
+# None – Special type that means “no value”
+# Example:
+x = None
+
+
+# Table
+# Data Type	    Example	                Description
+# int	        42	                    Whole numbers
+# float	        3.14	                Decimal numbers
+# complex	    2 + 3j	                Complex numbers
+# str	        "hello"	                Text/characters
+# bool	        True, False	            True or False values
+# list	        [1, 2, 3]	            Ordered, changeable sequence
+# tuple	        (1, 2, 3)	            Ordered, unchangeable sequence
+# dict	        {"key": "value"}	    Key-value pairs
+# set	        {1, 2, 3}	            Unordered, unique elements
+# frozenset	    frozenset([1, 2, 3])	Immutable set
+# bytes	        b"abc"	                Binary data
+# NoneType	    None	                No value
+
+# How to Check a Variable’s Data Type
+# You can use the type() function:
+
+x = 10
+print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>