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out a driver problem by executing the command in multiple <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/browsers/>browsers</a>.</p></li><li><p>If you have questions about how to do things, check out the <a href=/support/>Support options</a>
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for ways get assistance.</p></li><li><p>If you think you’ve found a problem with Selenium code, go ahead and file a
on GitHub.</p></li></ol></div><div class=td-content style=page-break-before:always><h1 id=pg-9106a7ac709cadefdb6e4b92e9e3ceaf>2.10.1 - Understanding Common Errors</h1><div class=lead>How to solve various problems in your Selenium code.</div><h2 id=invalidselectorexception>InvalidSelectorException</h2><p>CSS and XPath Selectors are sometimes difficult to get correct.</p><h3 id=likely-cause>Likely Cause</h3><p>The CSS or XPath selector you are trying to use has invalid characters or an invalid query.</p><h3 id=possible-solutions>Possible Solutions</h3><p>Run your selector through a validator service:</p><ul><li><a href=http://csslint.net/>CSS Validator</a></li><li><a href=http://www.freeformatter.com/xpath-tester.html>xPath Validator</a></li></ul><p>Or use a browser extension to get a known good value:</p><ul><li><a href=https://selectorshub.com/selectorshub/>SelectorsHub</a></li></ul><h2 id=nosuchelementexception>NoSuchElementException</h2><p>The element can not be found at the exact moment you attempted to locate it.</p><h3 id=likely-cause-1>Likely Cause</h3><ul><li>You are looking for the element in the wrong place (perhaps a previous action was unsuccessful).</li><li>You are looking for the element at the wrong time (the element has not shown up in the DOM, yet)</li><li>The locator has changed since you wrote the code</li></ul><h3 id=possible-solutions-1>Possible Solutions</h3><ul><li>Make sure you are on the page you expect to be on, and that previous actions in your code completed correctly</li><li>Make sure you are using a proper <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/waits/>Waiting Strategy</a></li><li>Update the locator with the browser’s devtools console or use a browser extension like:<ul><li><a href=https://selectorshub.com/selectorshub/>SelectorsHub</a></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=staleelementreferenceexception>StaleElementReferenceException</h2><p>An element goes stale when it was previously located, but can not be currently accessed.
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on GitHub.</p></li></ol></div><div class=td-content style=page-break-before:always><h1 id=pg-9106a7ac709cadefdb6e4b92e9e3ceaf>2.10.1 - Understanding Common Errors</h1><div class=lead>How to solve various problems in your Selenium code.</div><h2 id=invalidselectorexception>InvalidSelectorException</h2><p>CSS and XPath Selectors are sometimes difficult to get correct.</p><h3 id=likely-cause>Likely Cause</h3><ul><li>The CSS or XPath selector you are trying to use has invalid characters or an invalid query.</li><li>You may have placed an XPATH value as a parameter to a CSS selector, or vice versa.</li><li>You may have used a CSS or XPATH selector as a parameter to an ID selector.</li></ul><h3 id=possible-solutions>Possible Solutions</h3><p>Run your selector through a validator service:</p><ul><li><a href=http://csslint.net/>CSS Validator</a></li><li><a href=http://www.freeformatter.com/xpath-tester.html>xPath Validator</a></li></ul><p>Or use a browser extension to get a known good value:</p><ul><li><a href=https://selectorshub.com/selectorshub/>SelectorsHub</a></li></ul><h2 id=nosuchelementexception>NoSuchElementException</h2><p>The element can not be found at the exact moment you attempted to locate it.</p><h3 id=likely-cause-1>Likely Cause</h3><ul><li>You are looking for the element in the wrong place (perhaps a previous action was unsuccessful).</li><li>You are looking for the element at the wrong time (the element has not shown up in the DOM, yet)</li><li>The locator has changed since you wrote the code</li></ul><h3 id=possible-solutions-1>Possible Solutions</h3><ul><li>Make sure you are on the page you expect to be on, and that previous actions in your code completed correctly</li><li>Make sure you are using a proper <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/waits/>Waiting Strategy</a></li><li>Update the locator with the browser’s devtools console or use a browser extension like:<ul><li><a href=https://selectorshub.com/selectorshub/>SelectorsHub</a></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=staleelementreferenceexception>StaleElementReferenceException</h2><p>An element goes stale when it was previously located, but can not be currently accessed.
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Elements do not get relocated automatically; the driver creates a reference ID for the element and
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has a particular place it expects to find it in the DOM. If it can not find the element
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in the current DOM, any action using that element will result in this exception.</p><h3 id=likely-cause-2>Likely Cause</h3><p>This can happen when:</p><ul><li>You have refreshed the page, or the DOM of the page has dynamically changed.</li><li>You have navigated to a different page.</li><li>You have switched to another window or into or out of a frame or iframe.</li></ul><h3 id=possible-solutions-2>Possible Solutions</h3><p><strong>The DOM has changed</strong></p><p>When the page is refreshed or items on the page have moved around, there is still
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