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  • docs/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/string-functions
  • i18n/zh-CN/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs
    • current/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/string-functions
    • version-3.0/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/string-functions
  • versioned_docs/version-3.0/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/string-functions

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‎docs/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/string-functions/concat-ws.md‎

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@@ -26,32 +26,34 @@ under the License.
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## Description
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Use the first parameter sep as the connector to concatenate the second parameter and all subsequent parameters (or all strings in ARRAY) into a string. Special cases:
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Use the first parameter sep as the connector to concatenate the second parameter and all subsequent parameters (or all strings in one ARRAY or multi ARRAY ) into a string. Special cases:
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- If the separator is NULL, NULL is returned.
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The `CONCAT_WS` function does not skip empty strings, but skips NULL values.
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- The `CONCAT_WS` function does not skip empty strings, but skips NULL values.
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- The `CONCAT_WS` function does not skip empty strings in any `ARRAY` parameters, but skips NULL values in `ARRAY` or - - parameters.
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- The first parameters must be a `string` type, and the others must be the same type ,belong to the `string` or `ARRAY` type
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## Syntax
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```sql
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CONCAT_WS ( <sep> , <str> [ , <str> ] )
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CONCAT_WS ( <sep> , <array> )
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CONCAT_WS ( <sep> , <array> [ , <array> ])
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```
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## Parameters
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| Parameter | Description |
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|-------|-----------------|
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| `<sep>` | Connector for concatenating strings |
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| `<str>` | String to be concatenated |
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| `<array>` | Array to be concatenated |
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| `<sep>` | Connector for concatenating strings, it is `string` type or `varchar` type |
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| `<str>` | String to be concatenated , it is `string` or `varchar` type|
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| `<array>` | Array to be concatenated ,it is `ARRAY` type, and every element is `string` or `varchar` type|
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## Return value
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Parameter `<sep>` or `<array>` The string concatenated with `<str>`. Special cases:
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- If delimiter is NULL, returns NULL.
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- If parameters with mutlti arrays and it contains a null,function will return empty string.
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## Example
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+------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------+
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| doris | NULL | doris |
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+------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------+
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```
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Concatenating multiple arrays
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], ["c", NULL], ["d"]);
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+------------------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], ["c", NULL], ["d"]) |
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+------------------------------------------------+
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| a-b-c-d |
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+------------------------------------------------+
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```
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Handling NULL in string parameters
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("|", "hello", "", "world", NULL);
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+--------------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("|", "hello", "", "world", NULL) |
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+--------------------------------------------+
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| hello||world |
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+--------------------------------------------+
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```
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Return empty if NULL in multi arrays;
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], null,["c", NULL], ["d"]);
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], null,["c", NULL], ["d"]) |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
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```
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Mixing strings and arrays (invalid)
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS(",", "a", ["b", "c"]);
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ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = can not cast from origin type ARRAY<VARCHAR(1)> to target type=VARCHAR(65533)
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```
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All NULL inputs
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("x", NULL, NULL);
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+----------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("x", NULL, NULL) |
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+----------------------------+
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| |
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+----------------------------+
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```
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Chiese Charactors concat
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("x", '中文', '中文');
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+------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("x", '中文', '中文') |
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+------------------------------------+
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| 中文x中文 |
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+------------------------------------+
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```
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Chinese charactors in multi arrays
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("x", ['中文'], ['中文']);
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+----------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("x", ['中文'], ['中文']) |
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+----------------------------------------+
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| 中文x中文 |
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+----------------------------------------+
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```
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Insert and concat them
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```sql
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_concat_ws_1;
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CREATE TABLE test_concat_ws_1 (id INT, a ARRAY<VARCHAR>, b ARRAY<VARCHAR>) ENGINE=OLAP DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 1 PROPERTIES ('replication_num' = '1')
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INSERT INTO test_concat_ws_1 VALUES (1, ['a','b'], ['css',null,'d']), (2, ['x',null], ['y','z']),(3,['你好','世界'],['Doris',null,'Nereids'])
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SELECT concat_ws('-', a, b) FROM test_concat_ws_1 ORDER BY id
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```
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```text
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+-----------------------------+
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| concat_ws('-', a, b) |
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+-----------------------------+
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| a-b-css-d |
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| x-y-z |
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| 你好-世界-Doris-Nereids |
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+-----------------------------+
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```

‎i18n/zh-CN/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/sql-manual/sql-functions/scalar-functions/string-functions/concat-ws.md‎

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@@ -26,34 +26,34 @@ under the License.
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## 描述
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使用第一个参数 sep 作为连接符，将第二个参数以及后续所有参数 (或 ARRAY 中的所有字符串) 拼接成一个字符串。特殊情况：
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- 如果分隔符是 NULL，返回 NULL。
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`CONCAT_WS`函数不会跳过空字符串，会跳过 NULL 值。
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使用第一个参数sep作为连接符，将第二个参数及后续所有参数（或一个数组、多个数组中的所有字符串）拼接成一个字符串。特殊情况：
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- 若分隔符为 NULL，则返回 NULL。​
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- CONCAT_WS函数不跳过空字符串（""），但会跳过 NULL 值。​
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- CONCAT_WS函数不跳过任何数组参数中的空字符串，但会跳过数组或参数中的 NULL 值。​
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- 第一个参数必须为字符串类型（string 或 varchar），其他参数必须为相同类型，即均为字符串类型（string 或 varchar）或均为数组类型（ARRAY）。
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## 语法
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```sql
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CONCAT_WS ( <sep> , <str> [ , <str> ] )
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CONCAT_WS ( <sep> , <array> )
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CONCAT_WS ( <sep> , <array> [ , <array> ])
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```
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## 参数
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| 参数 | 说明 |
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|-------|-----------------|
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| `<sep>` | 拼接字符串的连接符 |
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| `<str>` | 需要被拼接的字符串 |
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| `<array>` | 需要被拼接的 array 数组 |
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| `<sep>` | 用于拼接字符串的连接符，类型为 string 或 varchar |
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| `<str>` | 待拼接的字符串，类型为 string 或 varchar |
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| `<array>` | 待拼接的数组，类型为 ARRAY，且数组元素为 string 或 varchar |
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## 返回值
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参数 `<sep>` 或者 `<array>` 数组使用 `<str>` 拼接后字符串。特殊情况：
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- 如果分隔符是 NULL，返回 NULL。
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- 如果多个数组参数中含有NULL参数，则返回空字符串
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## 举例
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将字符串通过 or 拼接到一起
@@ -82,4 +82,106 @@ SELECT CONCAT_WS("or", ["d", "is"]),CONCAT_WS(NULL, ["d", "is"]),CONCAT_WS("or",
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+------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------+
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| doris | NULL | doris |
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+------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------+
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```
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拼接多个数组
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], ["c", NULL], ["d"]);
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+------------------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], ["c", NULL], ["d"]) |
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+------------------------------------------------+
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| a-b-c-d |
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+------------------------------------------------+
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```
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如果在多个数组参数中包含NULL参数，则返回空字符串;
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], null,["c", NULL], ["d"]);
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("-", ["a", "b"], null,["c", NULL], ["d"]) |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
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| |
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
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```
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处理空字符串
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("|", "hello", "", "world", NULL);
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+--------------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("|", "hello", "", "world", NULL) |
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+--------------------------------------------+
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| hello||world |
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+--------------------------------------------+
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```
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混合字符串和数组（无效）
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS(",", "a", ["b", "c"]);
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ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = can not cast from origin type ARRAY<VARCHAR(1)> to target type=VARCHAR(65533)
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```
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全为 NULL 的输入
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("x", NULL, NULL);
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+----------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("x", NULL, NULL) |
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+----------------------------+
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| |
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+----------------------------+
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```
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Chiese Charactors concat
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("x", '中文', '中文');
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+------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("x", '中文', '中文') |
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+------------------------------------+
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| 中文x中文 |
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+------------------------------------+
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```
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中文字符拼接
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```sql
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mysql> SELECT CONCAT_WS("x", ['中文'], ['中文']);
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+----------------------------------------+
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| CONCAT_WS("x", ['中文'], ['中文']) |
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+----------------------------------------+
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| 中文x中文 |
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+----------------------------------------+
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```
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插入数据并拼接
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```sql
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_concat_ws_1;
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CREATE TABLE test_concat_ws_1 (id INT, a ARRAY<VARCHAR>, b ARRAY<VARCHAR>) ENGINE=OLAP DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 1 PROPERTIES ('replication_num' = '1')
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INSERT INTO test_concat_ws_1 VALUES (1, ['a','b'], ['css',null,'d']), (2, ['x',null], ['y','z']),(3,['你好','世界'],['Doris',null,'Nereids'])
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SELECT concat_ws('-', a, b) FROM test_concat_ws_1 ORDER BY id
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```
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```text
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+-----------------------------+
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| concat_ws('-', a, b) |
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+-----------------------------+
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| a-b-css-d |
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| x-y-z |
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| 你好-世界-Doris-Nereids |
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+-----------------------------+
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```

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