diff --git a/.talismanrc b/.talismanrc
index 40da5657de..4141174ef1 100644
--- a/.talismanrc
+++ b/.talismanrc
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ fileignoreconfig:
   - filename: packages/contentstack-import/test/integration/environments.test.js
     checksum: e71f033dad8944ffeafdf22d0514bda1d20c43e8fea0d62c96e774f3414beb31
   - filename: package-lock.json
-    checksum: 7260d9647ed789f09e454d63f9bdd0393e6dfd93f69d4dd2a1505c1c2a60b194
+    checksum: ff9b99eb4ee7a2daba9eec2652bda33762a99f644fd32827c81cfa7ac65ea4f6
   - filename: packages/contentstack-auth/test/unit/tokens-validation.test.ts
     checksum: 676052e30d31a771ce68302d89b050d176bbef50f3abc7e9cdd4384f0e274e10
   - filename: packages/contentstack-import/test/integration/auth-token.test.js
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 28cd7b9c19..78c239d2f2 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1212,13 +1212,13 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.27.6.tgz",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.28.2.tgz",
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       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/template": "^7.27.2",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.27.6"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.28.2"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -1588,9 +1588,9 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.28.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-x0LvFTekgSX+83TI28Y9wYPUfzrnl2aT5+5QLnO6v7mSJYtEEevuDRN0F0uSHRk1G1IWZC43o00Y0xDDrpBGPQ==",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.28.2.tgz",
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@@ -4021,9 +4021,9 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/core/-/core-4.5.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-eQcKyrEcDYeZJKu4vUWiu0ii/1Gfev6GF4FsLSgNez5/+aQyAUCjg3ZWlurf491WiYZTXCWyKAxyPWk8DKv2MA==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
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@@ -4050,9 +4050,9 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-help/-/plugin-help-6.2.31.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-o4xR98DEFf+VqY+M9B3ZooTm2T/mlGvyBHwHcnsPJCEnvzHqEA9xUlCUK4jm7FBXHhkppziMgCC2snsueLoIpQ==",
+      "version": "6.2.32",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-help/-/plugin-help-6.2.32.tgz",
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       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
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@@ -4062,13 +4062,13 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-not-found/-/plugin-not-found-3.2.60.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TK+o2gdFK/IEOR/A9lk2Ob7qm7Z+fEaaHlNls4AfKcEgxfSGaDwGu6cF9lxtMq87pVJ47uiAjjZaBtGYmS01Wg==",
+      "version": "3.2.62",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-not-found/-/plugin-not-found-3.2.62.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hwUdpeExF4ZhIf0mTeegnznpfSICOr4tnk8VZ6POmEcvNEhK8OtU/zbfCQbiGNa0Zjp1oMncD1Oxh585GHUSog==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@inquirer/prompts": "^7.6.0",
-        "@oclif/core": "^4.5.1",
+        "@inquirer/prompts": "^7.7.1",
+        "@oclif/core": "^4.5.2",
         "ansis": "^3.17.0",
         "fast-levenshtein": "^3.0.0"
       },
@@ -4077,12 +4077,12 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-plugins/-/plugin-plugins-5.4.45.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-M68eqQCaS7IHvYET1f2ZQP60jChX6emdgObcpDt5jeYifLd+MZFnGSsh5spOE3y3CAAZX5U4tCCksz++YKw0RA==",
+      "version": "5.4.46",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-plugins/-/plugin-plugins-5.4.46.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-VSk+SwKDkGShuRGC5f5WNF/U6Y8JvLfzIaWjLxMe4GlBmln0mKhHqvcfJc2gZOiyJp1QYK638H1w/peSkoZHag==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@oclif/core": "^4.5.1",
+        "@oclif/core": "^4.5.2",
         "ansis": "^3.17.0",
         "debug": "^4.4.0",
         "npm": "^10.9.3",
@@ -4099,9 +4099,9 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-warn-if-update-available/-/plugin-warn-if-update-available-3.1.45.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-tYGLrHZLpt+KLPDdLtpZyrzzy5OZ9uqpfaDm/jy6GUNqfoxZkhD7Kj6Fv9IpM6ePQM8hFVZpUMiWC0NO/AaDaA==",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@oclif/plugin-warn-if-update-available/-/plugin-warn-if-update-available-3.1.46.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YDlr//SHmC80eZrt+0wNFWSo1cOSU60RoWdhSkAoPB3pUGPSNHZDquXDpo7KniinzYPsj1rfetCYk7UVXwYu7A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -4319,9 +4319,9 @@
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     "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi/-/rollup-android-arm-eabi-4.45.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-NEySIFvMY0ZQO+utJkgoMiCAjMrGvnbDLHvcmlA33UXJpYBCvlBEbMMtV837uCkS+plG2umfhn0T5mMAxGrlRA==",
+      "version": "4.46.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi/-/rollup-android-arm-eabi-4.46.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oENme6QxtLCqjChRUUo3S6X8hjCXnWmJWnedD7VbGML5GUtaOtAyx+fEEXnBXVf0CBZApMQU0Idwi0FmyxzQhw==",
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@@ -4332,9 +4332,9 @@
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     "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64/-/rollup-android-arm64-4.45.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ujQ+sMXJkg4LRJaYreaVx7Z/VMgBBd89wGS4qMrdtfUFZ+TSY5Rs9asgjitLwzeIbhwdEhyj29zhst3L1lKsRQ==",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64/-/rollup-android-arm64-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4345,9 +4345,9 @@
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-      "integrity": "sha512-FSncqHvqTm3lC6Y13xncsdOYfxGSLnP+73k815EfNmpewPs+EyM49haPS105Rh4aF5mJKywk9X0ogzLXZzN9lA==",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64/-/rollup-darwin-arm64-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4358,9 +4358,9 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64/-/rollup-darwin-x64-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4371,9 +4371,9 @@
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@@ -4384,9 +4384,9 @@
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@@ -4397,9 +4397,9 @@
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@@ -4410,9 +4410,9 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf/-/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4423,9 +4423,9 @@
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@@ -4436,9 +4436,9 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl/-/rollup-linux-arm64-musl-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4449,9 +4449,9 @@
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     "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu-4.45.1.tgz",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4461,10 +4461,10 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu/-/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu-4.46.1.tgz",
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@@ -4475,9 +4475,9 @@
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@@ -4488,9 +4488,9 @@
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@@ -4501,9 +4501,9 @@
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@@ -4514,9 +4514,9 @@
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-      "version": "4.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.get/-/lodash.get-4.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-z+Uw/vLuy6gQe8cfaFWD7p0wVv8fJl3mbzXh33RS+0oW2wvUqiRXiQ69gLWSLpgB5/6sU+r6BlQR0MBILadqTQ==",
-      "deprecated": "This package is deprecated. Use the optional chaining (?.) operator instead.",
-      "license": "MIT"
-    },
     "node_modules/lodash.groupby": {
       "version": "4.6.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.groupby/-/lodash.groupby-4.6.0.tgz",
@@ -22261,9 +22260,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/nwsapi": {
-      "version": "2.2.20",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nwsapi/-/nwsapi-2.2.20.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-/ieB+mDe4MrrKMT8z+mQL8klXydZWGR5Dowt4RAGKbJ3kIGEx3X4ljUo+6V73IXtUPWgfOlU5B9MlGxFO5T+cA==",
+      "version": "2.2.21",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nwsapi/-/nwsapi-2.2.21.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-o6nIY3qwiSXl7/LuOU0Dmuctd34Yay0yeuZRLFmDPrrdHpXKFndPj3hM+YEPVHYC5fx2otBx4Ilc/gyYSAUaIA==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/nyc": {
@@ -22664,20 +22663,20 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/oclif": {
-      "version": "4.22.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/oclif/-/oclif-4.22.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-u6TnSY2pTTO4v1QZVf3Ql54BJNTyO03THGlVFdjeJtUsqy6eSz5cvNJP3v5hZBf7SYxzHF2K3JrgAV0bfcqXbg==",
+      "version": "4.22.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/oclif/-/oclif-4.22.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1TViD9V+y3zLnnBzV3cNsKzXxMY7doEcxwny7eqiW4OHDU3PNTPWngG/aidzlKLDXGbajTdjtUpX69UXF78Ahw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@aws-sdk/client-cloudfront": "^3.844.0",
-        "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.848.0",
+        "@aws-sdk/client-cloudfront": "^3.850.0",
+        "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.850.0",
         "@inquirer/confirm": "^3.1.22",
         "@inquirer/input": "^2.2.4",
         "@inquirer/select": "^2.5.0",
-        "@oclif/core": "^4.5.1",
+        "@oclif/core": "^4.5.2",
         "@oclif/plugin-help": "^6.2.29",
-        "@oclif/plugin-not-found": "^3.2.59",
+        "@oclif/plugin-not-found": "^3.2.61",
         "@oclif/plugin-warn-if-update-available": "^3.1.44",
         "ansis": "^3.16.0",
         "async-retry": "^1.3.3",
@@ -24687,9 +24686,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/rollup": {
-      "version": "4.45.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.45.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4iya7Jb76fVpQyLoiVpzUrsjQ12r3dM7fIVz+4NwoYvZOShknRmiv+iu9CClZml5ZLGb0XMcYLutK6w9tgxHDw==",
+      "version": "4.46.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.46.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-33xGNBsDJAkzt0PvninskHlWnTIPgDtTwhg0U38CUoNP/7H6wI2Cz6dUeoNPbjdTdsYTGuiFFASuUOWovH0SyQ==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/estree": "1.0.8"
@@ -24702,26 +24701,26 @@
         "npm": ">=8.0.0"
       },
       "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-powerpc64le-gnu": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.45.1",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.45.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-loongarch64-gnu": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.46.1",
+        "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.46.1",
         "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
       }
     },
@@ -28206,7 +28205,7 @@
         "@contentstack/cli-auth": "~1.5.0",
         "@contentstack/cli-cm-bootstrap": "~1.15.0",
         "@contentstack/cli-cm-branches": "~1.5.0",
-        "@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish": "~1.9.0",
+        "@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish": "~1.9.1",
         "@contentstack/cli-cm-clone": "~1.15.0",
         "@contentstack/cli-cm-export": "~1.18.0",
         "@contentstack/cli-cm-export-to-csv": "~1.9.0",
@@ -28631,7 +28630,7 @@
     },
     "packages/contentstack-bulk-publish": {
       "name": "@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish",
-      "version": "1.9.0",
+      "version": "1.9.1",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@contentstack/cli-command": "~1.6.0",
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/package.json b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/package.json
index 269aacb941..cd4915a1b1 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/package.json
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish",
   "description": "Contentstack CLI plugin for bulk publish actions",
-  "version": "1.9.0",
+  "version": "1.9.1",
   "author": "Contentstack",
   "bugs": "https://github.com/contentstack/cli/issues",
   "dependencies": {
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/consumer/publish.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/consumer/publish.js
index e7b95649a5..62523697fa 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/consumer/publish.js
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/consumer/publish.js
@@ -11,9 +11,15 @@ const nrpApiVersionWarning = `Provided apiVersion is invalid. ${apiVersionForNRP
 const { getLoggerInstance, addLogs, getLogsDirPath } = require('../util/logger');
 const { sanitizePath } = require('@contentstack/cli-utilities');
 const logsDir = getLogsDirPath();
+const { handleRateLimit, fetchBulkPublishLimit } = require('../util/common-utility');
+const { createSmartRateLimiter } = require('../util/smart-rate-limiter');
+
+// Simple delay function
+const delay = (ms) => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 
 let logger;
 let fileNme;
+let smartRateLimiter;
 
 function initializeLogger(fileName) {
   fileNme = fileName;
@@ -60,23 +66,23 @@ function displayAssetsDetails(sanitizedData, action, mapping) {
     sanitizedData.forEach((asset) => {
       asset?.publish_details.forEach((pd) => {
         if (Object.keys(mapping).includes(pd.environment)) {
-        console.log(
-          chalk.green(
-            `Asset UID '${asset.uid}' ${pd.version ? `and version '${pd.version}'` : ''} ${
-              asset.locale ? `in locale '${asset.locale}'` : ''
-            } in environment ${pd.environment}`,
-          ),
-        );
-      }
+          const versionText = pd.version ? `and version '${pd.version}'` : '';
+          const localeText = asset.locale ? `in locale '${asset.locale}'` : '';
+          console.log(
+            chalk.green(
+              `Asset UID '${asset.uid}' ${versionText} ${localeText} in environment ${pd.environment}`,
+            ),
+          );
+        }
       });
     });
   } else if (action === 'bulk_unpublish') {
     sanitizedData.forEach((asset) => {
+      const versionText = asset.version ? `and version '${asset.version}'` : '';
+      const localeText = asset.locale ? `in locale '${asset.locale}'` : '';
       console.log(
         chalk.green(
-          `Asset UID '${asset.uid}' ${asset.version ? `and version '${asset.version}'` : ''} ${
-            asset.locale ? `in locale '${asset.locale}'` : ''
-          }`,
+          `Asset UID '${asset.uid}' and version ${versionText} in locale ${localeText}`,
         ),
       );
     });
@@ -86,7 +92,24 @@ async function publishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
   const lang = [];
   const entryObj = data.obj;
   const stack = entryObj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+  
   lang.push(entryObj.locale);
+  
+  // Check if we can process this item
+  if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(1)) {
+    smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+    // Put the item back in queue and wait
+    await delay(1000);
+    queue.Enqueue(data);
+    return;
+  }
+  
+  // Log request attempt
+  smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('publish', 'entry', entryObj.entryUid);
+  
   stack
     .contentType(entryObj.content_type)
     .entry(entryObj.entryUid)
@@ -96,6 +119,12 @@ async function publishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
     })
     .then((publishEntryResponse) => {
       if (!publishEntryResponse.error_message) {
+        // Update rate limit from server response
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(publishEntryResponse);
+        
+        // Log success
+        smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('publish', 'entry', entryObj.entryUid, publishEntryResponse);
+        
         console.log(
           chalk.green(
             `entry published with ContentType uid=${entryObj.content_type} Entry uid=${entryObj.entryUid} locale=${entryObj.locale}`,
@@ -111,9 +140,15 @@ async function publishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
         throw publishEntryResponse;
       }
     })
-    .catch((error) => {
+    .catch(async (error) => {
+      // Log failure
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('publish', 'entry', entryObj.entryUid, error);
+      
       if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
         data.retry++;
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Wait and retry
+        await delay(1000);
         queue.Enqueue(data);
       } else {
         delete entryObj.stack;
@@ -141,12 +176,33 @@ async function publishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
 async function publishAsset(data, _config, queue) {
   const assetobj = data.obj;
   const stack = assetobj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+  
+  // Check if we can process this item
+  if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(1)) {
+    smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+    // Put the item back in queue and wait
+    await delay(1000);
+    queue.Enqueue(data);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Log request attempt
+  smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('publish', 'asset', assetobj.assetUid);
 
   stack
     .asset(assetobj.assetUid)
     .publish({ publishDetails: { environments: assetobj.environments, locales: [assetobj.locale || 'en-us'] } })
     .then((publishAssetResponse) => {
       if (!publishAssetResponse.error_message) {
+        // Update rate limit from server response
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(publishAssetResponse);
+        
+        // Log success
+        smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('publish', 'asset', assetobj.assetUid, publishAssetResponse);
+        
         console.log(chalk.green(`asset published with Asset uid=${assetobj.assetUid}, locale=${assetobj.locale}`));
         delete assetobj.stack;
         addLogs(
@@ -158,9 +214,15 @@ async function publishAsset(data, _config, queue) {
         throw publishAssetResponse;
       }
     })
-    .catch((error) => {
+    .catch(async (error) => {
+      // Log failure
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('publish', 'asset', assetobj.assetUid, error);
+      
       if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
         data.retry++;
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Wait and retry
+        await delay(1000);
         queue.Enqueue(data);
       } else {
         delete assetobj.stack;
@@ -183,13 +245,36 @@ async function UnpublishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
   const lang = [];
   const entryObj = data.obj;
   const stack = entryObj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+  
   lang.push(entryObj.locale);
+  
+  // Check if we can process this item
+  if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(1)) {
+    smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+    // Put the item back in queue and wait
+    await delay(1000);
+    queue.Enqueue(data);
+    return;
+  }
+  
+  // Log request attempt
+  smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('unpublish', 'entry', entryObj.entryUid);
+  
   stack
     .contentType(entryObj.content_type)
     .entry(entryObj.entryUid)
     .unpublish({ publishDetails: { environments: entryObj.environments, locales: lang }, locale: entryObj.locale })
     .then((unpublishEntryResponse) => {
       if (!unpublishEntryResponse.error_message) {
+        // Update rate limit from server response
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(unpublishEntryResponse);
+        
+        // Log success
+        smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('unpublish', 'entry', entryObj.entryUid, unpublishEntryResponse);
+        
         delete entryObj.stack;
         console.log(
           chalk.green(
@@ -205,9 +290,15 @@ async function UnpublishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
         throw unpublishEntryResponse;
       }
     })
-    .catch((error) => {
+    .catch(async (error) => {
+      // Log failure
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('unpublish', 'entry', entryObj.entryUid, error);
+      
       if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
         data.retry++;
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Wait and retry
+        await delay(1000);
         queue.Enqueue(data);
       } else {
         delete entryObj.stack;
@@ -230,26 +321,53 @@ async function UnpublishEntry(data, _config, queue) {
 async function UnpublishAsset(data, _config, queue) {
   const assetobj = data.obj;
   const stack = assetobj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+  
+  // Check if we can process this item
+  if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(1)) {
+    smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+    // Put the item back in queue and wait
+    await delay(1000);
+    queue.Enqueue(data);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Log request attempt
+  smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('unpublish', 'asset', assetobj.assetUid);
 
   stack
     .asset(assetobj.assetUid)
     .unpublish({ publishDetails: { environments: assetobj.environments, locales: [assetobj.locale || 'en-us'] } })
     .then((unpublishAssetResponse) => {
       if (!unpublishAssetResponse.error_message) {
+        // Update rate limit from server response
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(unpublishAssetResponse);
+        
+        // Log success
+        smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('unpublish', 'asset', assetobj.assetUid, unpublishAssetResponse);
+        
         delete assetobj.stack;
-        console.log(`Asset unpublished with Asset uid=${assetobj.assetUid}`);
+        console.log(chalk.red(`Could not Unpublish because of error=${formatError(error)}`));
         addLogs(
           logger,
           { options: assetobj, api_key: stack.stackHeaders.api_key, alias: stack.alias, host: stack.host },
-          'info',
+          'error',
         );
       } else {
         throw unpublishAssetResponse;
       }
     })
-    .catch((error) => {
+    .catch(async (error) => {
+      // Log failure
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('unpublish', 'asset', assetobj.assetUid, error);
+      
       if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
         data.retry++;
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Wait and retry
+        await delay(1000);
         queue.Enqueue(data);
       } else {
         delete assetobj.stack;
@@ -283,6 +401,10 @@ async function performBulkPublish(data, _config, queue) {
   let conf;
   const bulkPublishObj = data.obj;
   const stack = bulkPublishObj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+  
   let payload = {};
   const mapping = await getEnvironment(stack, bulkPublishObj.environments);
   switch (bulkPublishObj.Type) {
@@ -304,15 +426,33 @@ async function performBulkPublish(data, _config, queue) {
           }
         }
       }
+      // Check if we can process this bulk operation
+      const entriesToProcess = bulkPublishObj.entries ? bulkPublishObj.entries.length : 1;
+      if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(entriesToProcess)) {
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Put the item back in queue and wait
+        await delay(1000);
+        queue.Enqueue(data);
+        return;
+      }
+      
+      // Log bulk request attempt
+      const entryIds = bulkPublishObj.entries ? bulkPublishObj.entries.map(e => e.uid).join(',') : 'bulk_entries';
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('bulk_publish', 'entries', entryIds);
+      
       stack
         .bulkOperation()
         .publish(payload)
         .then((bulkPublishEntriesResponse) => {
           if (!bulkPublishEntriesResponse.error_message) {
+            // Log success
+            smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('bulk_publish', 'entries', entryIds, bulkPublishEntriesResponse);
+            
             console.log(
               chalk.green(`Bulk entries sent for publish`),
               bulkPublishEntriesResponse.job_id ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkPublishEntriesResponse.job_id}`) : '',
             );
+            // Only display entry details once per bulk operation, not per entry
             displayEntriesDetails(bulkPublishObj.entries, 'bulk_publish', mapping);
             delete bulkPublishObj.stack;
             addLogs(
@@ -324,9 +464,15 @@ async function performBulkPublish(data, _config, queue) {
             throw bulkPublishEntriesResponse;
           }
         })
-        .catch((error) => {
+        .catch(async (error) => {
+          // Log failure
+          smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('bulk_publish', 'entries', entryIds, error);
+          
           if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
             data.retry++;
+            smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+            // Wait and retry
+            await delay(1000);
             queue.Enqueue(data);
           } else {
             delete bulkPublishObj.stack;
@@ -350,24 +496,40 @@ async function performBulkPublish(data, _config, queue) {
       if (bulkPublishObj.apiVersion) {
         if (!isNaN(bulkPublishObj.apiVersion) && bulkPublishObj.apiVersion === apiVersionForNRP) {
           payload['api_version'] = bulkPublishObj.apiVersion;
+          payload.details.publish_with_reference = true;
         } else {
           if (bulkPublishObj.apiVersion !== '3') {
-            // because 3 is the default value for api-version, and it exists for the purpose of display only
             console.log(chalk.yellow(nrpApiVersionWarning));
           }
         }
       }
+      // Check if we can process this bulk operation
+      const assetsToProcess = bulkPublishObj.assets ? bulkPublishObj.assets.length : 1;
+      if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(assetsToProcess)) {
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Put the item back in queue and wait
+        await delay(1000);
+        queue.Enqueue(data);
+        return;
+      }
+      
+      // Log bulk request attempt
+      const assetIds = bulkPublishObj.assets ? bulkPublishObj.assets.map(a => a.uid).join(',') : 'bulk_assets';
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('bulk_publish', 'assets', assetIds);
+      
       stack
         .bulkOperation()
         .publish(payload)
         .then((bulkPublishAssetsResponse) => {
           if (!bulkPublishAssetsResponse.error_message) {
+            // Log success
+            smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('bulk_publish', 'assets', assetIds, bulkPublishAssetsResponse);
+            
             console.log(
-              chalk.green(
-                `Bulk assets sent for publish`,
-                bulkPublishAssetsResponse.job_id ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkPublishAssetsResponse.job_id}`) : '',
-              ),
+              chalk.green(`Bulk assets sent for publish`),
+              bulkPublishAssetsResponse.job_id ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkPublishAssetsResponse.job_id}`) : '',
             );
+            // Only display asset details once per bulk operation, not per asset
             displayAssetsDetails(bulkPublishObj.assets, 'bulk_publish', mapping);
             delete bulkPublishObj.stack;
             addLogs(
@@ -379,15 +541,20 @@ async function performBulkPublish(data, _config, queue) {
             throw bulkPublishAssetsResponse;
           }
         })
-        .catch((error) => {
+        .catch(async (error) => {
+          // Log failure
+          smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('bulk_publish', 'assets', assetIds, error);
+          
           if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
             data.retry++;
+            smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+            // Wait and retry
+            await delay(1000);
             queue.Enqueue(data);
           } else {
             delete bulkPublishObj.stack;
             console.log(chalk.red(`Bulk assets failed to publish with error ${formatError(error)}`));
-
-            displayAssetsDetails(sanitizedData, 'bulk_publish', mapping);
+            displayAssetsDetails(bulkPublishObj.assets, 'bulk_publish', mapping);
             addLogs(
               logger,
               { options: bulkPublishObj, api_key: stack.stackHeaders.api_key, alias: stack.alias, host: stack.host },
@@ -397,7 +564,8 @@ async function performBulkPublish(data, _config, queue) {
         });
       break;
     default:
-      console.log('No such type');
+      console.log(chalk.red(`Invalid bulk publish type: ${bulkPublishObj.Type}`));
+      break;
   }
 }
 
@@ -405,6 +573,10 @@ async function performBulkUnPublish(data, _config, queue) {
   let conf;
   const bulkUnPublishObj = data.obj;
   const stack = bulkUnPublishObj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+  
   let payload = {};
   switch (bulkUnPublishObj.Type) {
     case 'entry':
@@ -424,20 +596,35 @@ async function performBulkUnPublish(data, _config, queue) {
           }
         }
       }
+      // Check if we can process this bulk operation
+      const entriesToUnpublish = bulkUnPublishObj.entries ? bulkUnPublishObj.entries.length : 1;
+      if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(entriesToUnpublish)) {
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Put the item back in queue and wait
+        await delay(1000);
+        queue.Enqueue(data);
+        return;
+      }
+      
+      // Log bulk request attempt
+      const entryIds = bulkUnPublishObj.entries ? bulkUnPublishObj.entries.map(e => e.uid).join(',') : 'bulk_entries';
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('bulk_unpublish', 'entries', entryIds);
+      
       stack
         .bulkOperation()
         .unpublish(payload)
         .then((bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse) => {
           if (!bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse.error_message) {
+            // Log success
+            smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('bulk_unpublish', 'entries', entryIds, bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse);
+            
             delete bulkUnPublishObj.stack;
 
             console.log(
-              chalk.green(
-                `Bulk entries sent for Unpublish`,
-                bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse.job_id
-                  ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse.job_id}`)
-                  : '',
-              ),
+              chalk.green(`Bulk entries sent for Unpublish`),
+              bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse.job_id
+                ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse.job_id}`)
+                : '',
             );
             displayEntriesDetails(bulkUnPublishObj.entries, 'bulk_unpublish');
             addLogs(
@@ -449,9 +636,15 @@ async function performBulkUnPublish(data, _config, queue) {
             throw bulkUnPublishEntriesResponse;
           }
         })
-        .catch((error) => {
+        .catch(async (error) => {
+          // Log failure
+          smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('bulk_unpublish', 'entries', entryIds, error);
+          
           if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
             data.retry++;
+            smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+            // Wait and retry
+            await delay(1000);
             queue.Enqueue(data);
           } else {
             delete bulkUnPublishObj.stack;
@@ -482,17 +675,32 @@ async function performBulkUnPublish(data, _config, queue) {
           }
         }
       }
+      // Check if we can process this bulk operation
+      const assetsToUnpublish = bulkUnPublishObj.assets ? bulkUnPublishObj.assets.length : 1;
+      if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(assetsToUnpublish)) {
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        // Put the item back in queue and wait
+        await delay(1000);
+        queue.Enqueue(data);
+        return;
+      }
+      
+      // Log bulk request attempt
+      const assetIds = bulkUnPublishObj.assets ? bulkUnPublishObj.assets.map(a => a.uid).join(',') : 'bulk_assets';
+      smartRateLimiter.logRequestAttempt('bulk_unpublish', 'assets', assetIds);
+      
       stack
         .bulkOperation()
         .unpublish(payload)
         .then((bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse) => {
           if (!bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse.error_message) {
+            // Log success
+            smartRateLimiter.logRequestSuccess('bulk_unpublish', 'assets', assetIds, bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse);
+            
             delete bulkUnPublishObj.stack;
             console.log(
-              chalk.green(
-                `Bulk assets sent for Unpublish`,
-                bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse.job_id ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse.job_id}`) : '',
-              ),
+              chalk.green(`Bulk assets sent for Unpublish`),
+              bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse.job_id ? chalk.yellow(`job_id: ${bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse.job_id}`) : '',
             );
             displayAssetsDetails(bulkUnPublishObj.assets, 'bulk_unpublish');
             addLogs(
@@ -504,9 +712,15 @@ async function performBulkUnPublish(data, _config, queue) {
             throw bulkUnPublishAssetsResponse;
           }
         })
-        .catch((error) => {
+        .catch(async (error) => {
+          // Log failure
+          smartRateLimiter.logRequestFailure('bulk_unpublish', 'assets', assetIds, error);
+          
           if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
             data.retry++;
+            smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+            // Wait and retry
+            await delay(1000);
             queue.Enqueue(data);
           } else {
             delete bulkUnPublishObj.stack;
@@ -521,7 +735,8 @@ async function performBulkUnPublish(data, _config, queue) {
         });
       break;
     default:
-      console.log('No such type');
+      console.log(chalk.red(`Invalid bulk unpublish type: ${bulkUnPublishObj.Type}`));
+      break;
   }
 }
 
@@ -534,6 +749,9 @@ async function publishUsingVersion(data, _config, queue) {
   let counter = 0;
   const bulkPublishObj = data.obj;
   const stack = bulkPublishObj.stack;
+  
+  // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+  smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
   switch (bulkPublishObj.Type) {
     case 'entry':
       successfullyPublished = [];
@@ -551,12 +769,23 @@ async function publishUsingVersion(data, _config, queue) {
           locale: bulkPublishObj.locale,
           version: entry.version,
         };
+        // Check if we can process this item
+        if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(1)) {
+          smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+          // Put the item back in queue and wait
+          await delay(1000);
+          queue.Enqueue(data);
+          return;
+        }
+        
         stack
           .contentType(entry.content_type)
           .entry(entry.uid)
           .publish(conf)
           .then((publishEntriesResponse) => {
             if (!publishEntriesResponse.error_message) {
+              // Update rate limit from server response
+              smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(publishEntriesResponse);
               console.log(chalk.green(`Entry=${entry.uid} sent for publish`));
 
               counter += 1;
@@ -602,9 +831,12 @@ async function publishUsingVersion(data, _config, queue) {
               // throw bulkPublishEntriesResponse;
             }
           })
-          .catch((error) => {
+          .catch(async (error) => {
             if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
               data.retry++;
+              smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+              // Wait and retry
+              await delay(1000);
               queue.Enqueue(data);
             } else {
               counter += 1;
@@ -663,11 +895,22 @@ async function publishUsingVersion(data, _config, queue) {
           },
           version: asset.version,
         };
+        // Check if we can process this item
+        if (!smartRateLimiter.canProcess(1)) {
+          smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+          // Put the item back in queue and wait
+          await delay(1000);
+          queue.Enqueue(data);
+          return;
+        }
+        
         stack
           .asset(asset.uid)
           .publish(conf)
           .then((publishAssetsResponse) => {
             if (!publishAssetsResponse.error_message) {
+              // Update rate limit from server response
+              smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(publishAssetsResponse);
               console.log(chalk.green(`Asset=${asset.uid} sent for publish`));
 
               counter += 1;
@@ -713,9 +956,12 @@ async function publishUsingVersion(data, _config, queue) {
               // throw bulkPublishAssetsResponse;
             }
           })
-          .catch((error) => {
+          .catch(async (error) => {
             if (error.errorCode === 429 && data.retry < 2) {
               data.retry++;
+              smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+              // Wait and retry
+              await delay(1000);
               queue.Enqueue(data);
             } else {
               counter += 1;
@@ -751,8 +997,8 @@ async function publishUsingVersion(data, _config, queue) {
                     },
                     'error',
                   );
+                  }
                 }
-              }
 
               console.log(chalk.red(`Asset=${asset.uid} failed to publish with error ${formatError(error)}`));
             }
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-assets.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-assets.js
index 87538ab550..ac52bb803a 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-assets.js
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-assets.js
@@ -7,16 +7,22 @@ const retryFailedLogs = require('../util/retryfailed');
 const { validateFile } = require('../util/fs');
 const { isEmpty } = require('../util');
 const { fetchBulkPublishLimit } = require('../util/common-utility');
+const { createSmartRateLimiter } = require('../util/smart-rate-limiter');
 
 const queue = getQueue();
 let logFileName;
 let bulkPublishSet = [];
 let filePath;
+let smartRateLimiter;
+let pendingItems = [];
 
 /* eslint-disable no-param-reassign */
 
 async function getAssets(stack, folder, bulkPublish, environments, locale, apiVersion, bulkPublishLimit, skip = 0) {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+    smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+
     let queryParams = {
       folder: folder,
       skip: skip,
@@ -29,6 +35,9 @@ async function getAssets(stack, folder, bulkPublish, environments, locale, apiVe
       .query(queryParams)
       .find()
       .then(async (assetResponse) => {
+        // Update rate limit from server response
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(assetResponse);
+        
         if (assetResponse && assetResponse.items.length > 0) {
           skip += assetResponse.items.length;
           let assets = assetResponse.items;
@@ -47,40 +56,12 @@ async function getAssets(stack, folder, bulkPublish, environments, locale, apiVe
               continue;
             }
             if (bulkPublish) {
-              if (bulkPublishSet.length < bulkPublishLimit) {
-                bulkPublishSet.push({
-                  uid: assets[index].uid,
-                  locale,
-                  publish_details: assets[index].publish_details || [],
-                });
-              }
-              if (bulkPublishSet.length === bulkPublishLimit) {
-                await queue.Enqueue({
-                  assets: bulkPublishSet,
-                  Type: 'asset',
-                  environments: environments,
-                  locale,
-                  stack: stack,
-                  apiVersion,
-                });
-                bulkPublishSet = [];
-              }
-
-              if (
-                assetResponse.items.length - 1 === index &&
-                bulkPublishSet.length > 0 &&
-                bulkPublishSet.length < bulkPublishLimit
-              ) {
-                await queue.Enqueue({
-                  assets: bulkPublishSet,
-                  Type: 'asset',
-                  environments: environments,
-                  locale,
-                  stack: stack,
-                  apiVersion,
-                });
-                bulkPublishSet = [];
-              }
+              // Add to pending items instead of immediate processing
+              pendingItems.push({
+                uid: assets[index].uid,
+                locale,
+                publish_details: assets[index].publish_details || [],
+              });
             } else {
               await queue.Enqueue({
                 assetUid: assets[index].uid,
@@ -92,7 +73,17 @@ async function getAssets(stack, folder, bulkPublish, environments, locale, apiVe
               });
             }
           }
+          
+          // Process pending items with smart rate limiting
+          if (pendingItems.length > 0) {
+            await processPendingAssets(stack, environments, locale, apiVersion);
+          }
+          
           if (skip === assetResponse.count) {
+            // Process any remaining items
+            if (pendingItems.length > 0) {
+              await processPendingAssets(stack, environments, locale, apiVersion);
+            }
             return resolve(true);
           }
           await getAssets(stack, folder, bulkPublish, environments, locale, apiVersion, bulkPublishLimit, skip);
@@ -107,6 +98,51 @@ async function getAssets(stack, folder, bulkPublish, environments, locale, apiVe
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Process pending assets with smart rate limiting
+ */
+async function processPendingAssets(stack, environments, locale, apiVersion) {
+  const delay = (ms) => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+  
+  while (pendingItems.length > 0) {
+    const optimalBatchSize = smartRateLimiter.getOptimalBatchSize(pendingItems.length);
+    
+    if (optimalBatchSize === 0) {
+      // Rate limit exhausted, wait and retry
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      await delay(1000);
+      continue;
+    }
+    
+    // Take the optimal batch size
+    const batch = pendingItems.splice(0, optimalBatchSize);
+    
+    try {
+      await queue.Enqueue({
+        assets: batch,
+        Type: 'asset',
+        environments: environments,
+        locale,
+        stack: stack,
+        apiVersion,
+      });
+      
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.errorCode === 429) {
+        // Rate limit error, put items back and wait
+        pendingItems.unshift(...batch);
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        await delay(1000);
+      } else {
+        // Other error, log and continue
+        console.log(`Error processing batch: ${error.message}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function setConfig(conf, bp) {
   if (bp) {
     queue.consumer = performBulkPublish;
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-entries.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-entries.js
index 607b731696..1f716d796b 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-entries.js
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/publish-entries.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const retryFailedLogs = require('../util/retryfailed');
 const { validateFile } = require('../util/fs');
 const { isEmpty } = require('../util');
 const { fetchBulkPublishLimit } = require('../util/common-utility');
+const { createSmartRateLimiter } = require('../util/smart-rate-limiter');
 const VARIANTS_PUBLISH_API_VERSION = '3.2';
 
 const queue = getQueue();
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ let contentTypesList = [];
 let allContentTypes = [];
 let bulkPublishSet = [];
 let filePath;
+let smartRateLimiter;
+let pendingItems = [];
 
 async function getEntries(
   stack,
@@ -35,6 +38,9 @@ async function getEntries(
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     skipCount = skip;
 
+    // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+    smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+
     let queryParams = {
       locale: locale || 'en-us',
       include_count: true,
@@ -55,61 +61,35 @@ async function getEntries(
       .query(queryParams)
       .find()
       .then(async (entriesResponse) => {
+        // Update rate limit from server response
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(entriesResponse);
+        
         skipCount += entriesResponse.items.length;
         let entries = entriesResponse.items;
 
         for (let index = 0; index < entries.length; index++) {
           let variants = [];
           if (bulkPublish) {
-            let entry;
-            if (bulkPublishSet.length < bulkPublishLimit) {
-              entry = {
-                uid: entries[index].uid,
-                content_type: contentType,
-                locale,
-                publish_details: entries[index].publish_details || [],
-              };
+            let entry = {
+              uid: entries[index].uid,
+              content_type: contentType,
+              locale,
+              publish_details: entries[index].publish_details || [],
+            };
 
-              if (variantsFlag) {
-                variants = await getVariantEntries(stack, contentType, entries, index, queryParams);
-                if (variants.length > 0) {
-                  entry.variant_rules = {
-                    publish_latest_base: false,
-                    publish_latest_base_conditionally: true,
-                  };
-                  entry.variants = variants;
-                }
+            if (variantsFlag) {
+              variants = await getVariantEntries(stack, contentType, entries, index, queryParams);
+              if (variants.length > 0) {
+                entry.variant_rules = {
+                  publish_latest_base: false,
+                  publish_latest_base_conditionally: true,
+                };
+                entry.variants = variants;
               }
             }
-            bulkPublishSet.push(entry);
-
-            if (bulkPublishSet.length === bulkPublishLimit) {
-              await queue.Enqueue({
-                entries: bulkPublishSet,
-                locale,
-                Type: 'entry',
-                environments: environments,
-                stack: stack,
-                apiVersion,
-              });
-              bulkPublishSet = [];
-            }
-
-            if (
-              index === entries.length - 1 &&
-              bulkPublishSet.length <= bulkPublishLimit &&
-              bulkPublishSet.length > 0
-            ) {
-              await queue.Enqueue({
-                entries: bulkPublishSet,
-                locale,
-                Type: 'entry',
-                environments: environments,
-                stack: stack,
-                apiVersion,
-              });
-              bulkPublishSet = [];
-            }
+            
+            // Add to pending items instead of immediate processing
+            pendingItems.push(entry);
           } else {
             await queue.Enqueue({
               content_type: contentType,
@@ -123,8 +103,16 @@ async function getEntries(
           }
         }
 
+        // Process pending items with smart rate limiting
+        if (pendingItems.length > 0) {
+          await processPendingItems(stack, environments, locale, apiVersion);
+        }
+
         if (entriesResponse.count === skipCount) {
-          bulkPublishSet = [];
+          // Process any remaining items
+          if (pendingItems.length > 0) {
+            await processPendingItems(stack, environments, locale, apiVersion);
+          }
           return resolve();
         }
         await getEntries(
@@ -230,6 +218,51 @@ function setConfig(conf, bp) {
   filePath = initializeLogger(logFileName);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Process pending items with smart rate limiting
+ */
+async function processPendingItems(stack, environments, locale, apiVersion) {
+  const delay = (ms) => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+  
+  while (pendingItems.length > 0) {
+    const optimalBatchSize = smartRateLimiter.getOptimalBatchSize(pendingItems.length);
+    
+    if (optimalBatchSize === 0) {
+      // Rate limit exhausted, wait and retry
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      await delay(1000);
+      continue;
+    }
+    
+    // Take the optimal batch size
+    const batch = pendingItems.splice(0, optimalBatchSize);
+    
+    try {
+      await queue.Enqueue({
+        entries: batch,
+        locale,
+        Type: 'entry',
+        environments: environments,
+        stack: stack,
+        apiVersion,
+      });
+      
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.errorCode === 429) {
+        // Rate limit error, put items back and wait
+        pendingItems.unshift(...batch);
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        await delay(1000);
+      } else {
+        // Other error, log and continue
+        console.log(`Error processing batch: ${error.message}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 async function start(
   {
     retryFailed,
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/unpublish.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/unpublish.js
index 8f3650eb98..994ac17214 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/unpublish.js
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/producer/unpublish.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const { Command } = require('@contentstack/cli-command');
 const command = new Command();
 const { isEmpty } = require('../util');
 const { fetchBulkPublishLimit } = require('../util/common-utility');
+const { createSmartRateLimiter } = require('../util/smart-rate-limiter');
 const VARIANTS_UNPUBLISH_API_VERSION = '3.2';
 const delay = (ms) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res, ms));
 
@@ -22,6 +23,9 @@ let bulkUnPublishSet = [];
 let bulkUnPulishAssetSet = [];
 let logFileName;
 let filePath;
+let smartRateLimiter;
+let pendingEntryItems = [];
+let pendingAssetItems = [];
 
 function setConfig(conf, bup) {
   if (bup) {
@@ -54,11 +58,14 @@ function getQueryParams(filter) {
 
 function bulkAction(stack, items, bulkUnpublish, environment, locale, apiVersion, bulkPublishLimit, variantsFlag = false) {
   return new Promise(async (resolve) => {
+    // Get smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+    smartRateLimiter = createSmartRateLimiter(stack?.org_uid);
+
     for (let index = 0; index < items.length; index++) {
       changedFlag = true;
 
       if (bulkUnpublish) {
-        if (bulkUnPublishSet.length < bulkPublishLimit && items[index].type === 'entry_published') {
+        if (items[index].type === 'entry_published') {
           const entryData = {
             uid: items[index].data.uid,
             content_type: items[index].content_type_uid,
@@ -68,94 +75,130 @@ function bulkAction(stack, items, bulkUnpublish, environment, locale, apiVersion
         
           if (variantsFlag && Array.isArray(items[index].data.variants) && items[index].data.variants.length > 0) {
             const entryWithVariants = { ...entryData, variants: items[index].data.variants };
-            bulkUnPublishSet.push(entryWithVariants);
+            pendingEntryItems.push(entryWithVariants);
           } else {
-            bulkUnPublishSet.push(entryData);
+            pendingEntryItems.push(entryData);
           }
         }
 
-        if (bulkUnPulishAssetSet.length < bulkPublishLimit && items[index].type === 'asset_published') {
-          bulkUnPulishAssetSet.push({
+        if (items[index].type === 'asset_published') {
+          pendingAssetItems.push({
             uid: items[index].data.uid,
             version: items[index].data._version,
             publish_details: [items[index].data.publish_details] || [],
           });
         }
-
-        if (bulkUnPulishAssetSet.length === bulkPublishLimit) {
-          await queue.Enqueue({
-            assets: bulkUnPulishAssetSet,
-            Type: 'asset',
-            locale: locale,
-            environments: [environment],
-            stack: stack,
-            apiVersion,
-          });
-          bulkUnPulishAssetSet = [];
-        }
-
-        if (bulkUnPublishSet.length === bulkPublishLimit) {
-          await queue.Enqueue({
-            entries: bulkUnPublishSet,
-            locale: locale,
-            Type: 'entry',
-            environments: [environment],
-            stack: stack,
-            apiVersion,
-          });
-          bulkUnPublishSet = [];
-        }
-        if (index === items.length - 1 && bulkUnPulishAssetSet.length <= bulkPublishLimit && bulkUnPulishAssetSet.length > 0) {
-          await queue.Enqueue({
-            assets: bulkUnPulishAssetSet,
-            Type: 'asset',
-            locale: locale,
-            environments: [environment],
-            stack: stack,
-            apiVersion,
-          });
-          bulkUnPulishAssetSet = [];
-        }
-
-        if (index === items.length - 1 && bulkUnPublishSet.length <= bulkPublishLimit && bulkUnPublishSet.length > 0) {
-          await queue.Enqueue({
-            entries: bulkUnPublishSet,
-            locale: locale,
-            Type: 'entry',
-            environments: [environment],
-            stack: stack,
-            apiVersion,
-          });
-          bulkUnPublishSet = [];
-        }
       } else {
         if (items[index].type === 'entry_published') {
-          await entryQueue.Enqueue({  
+          await entryQueue.Enqueue({
             content_type: items[index].content_type_uid,
-            publish_details: [items[index].data.publish_details],
-            environments: [environment],
             entryUid: items[index].data.uid,
             locale: items[index].data.locale || 'en-us',
-            Type: 'entry',
+            environments: [environment],
             stack: stack,
-            apiVersion,
           });
-        }
-        if (items[index].type === 'asset_published') {
+        } else if (items[index].type === 'asset_published') {
           await assetQueue.Enqueue({
             assetUid: items[index].data.uid,
-            publish_details: [items[index].data.publish_details],
             environments: [environment],
-            Type: 'entry',
             stack: stack,
           });
         }
       }
     }
-    return resolve();
+    
+    // Process pending items with smart rate limiting
+    if (bulkUnpublish) {
+      await processPendingUnpublishItems(stack, environment, locale, apiVersion);
+    }
+    
+    resolve();
   });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Process pending unpublish items with smart rate limiting
+ */
+async function processPendingUnpublishItems(stack, environment, locale, apiVersion) {
+  // Process assets first
+  while (pendingAssetItems.length > 0) {
+    const optimalBatchSize = smartRateLimiter.getOptimalBatchSize(pendingAssetItems.length);
+    
+    if (optimalBatchSize === 0) {
+      // Rate limit exhausted, wait and retry
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      await delay(1000);
+      continue;
+    }
+    
+    // Take the optimal batch size
+    const batch = pendingAssetItems.splice(0, optimalBatchSize);
+    
+    try {
+      await queue.Enqueue({
+        assets: batch,
+        Type: 'asset',
+        locale: locale,
+        environments: [environment],
+        stack: stack,
+        apiVersion,
+      });
+      
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.errorCode === 429) {
+        // Rate limit error, put items back and wait
+        pendingAssetItems.unshift(...batch);
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        await delay(1000);
+      } else {
+        // Other error, log and continue
+        console.log(`Error processing asset batch: ${error.message}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Process entries
+  while (pendingEntryItems.length > 0) {
+    const optimalBatchSize = smartRateLimiter.getOptimalBatchSize(pendingEntryItems.length);
+    
+    if (optimalBatchSize === 0) {
+      // Rate limit exhausted, wait and retry
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      await delay(1000);
+      continue;
+    }
+    
+    // Take the optimal batch size
+    const batch = pendingEntryItems.splice(0, optimalBatchSize);
+    
+    try {
+      await queue.Enqueue({
+        entries: batch,
+        locale: locale,
+        Type: 'entry',
+        environments: [environment],
+        stack: stack,
+        apiVersion,
+      });
+      
+      smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+      
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.errorCode === 429) {
+        // Rate limit error, put items back and wait
+        pendingEntryItems.unshift(...batch);
+        smartRateLimiter.logStatus();
+        await delay(1000);
+      } else {
+        // Other error, log and continue
+        console.log(`Error processing entry batch: ${error.message}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 async function getSyncEntries(
   stack,
   config,
@@ -217,6 +260,12 @@ async function getSyncEntries(
       }
 
       const entriesResponse = await Stack.sync(syncData);
+      
+      // Update rate limit from server response if available
+      if (smartRateLimiter) {
+        smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(entriesResponse);
+      }
+      
       if (entriesResponse.items.length > 0) {
         if (variantsFlag) {
           queryParamsObj.apiVersion = VARIANTS_UNPUBLISH_API_VERSION;
@@ -278,6 +327,11 @@ async function getVariantEntries(stack, contentType, entries, queryParams, skip
       .query(variantQueryParams)
       .find();
 
+    // Update rate limit from server response if available
+    if (smartRateLimiter) {
+      smartRateLimiter.updateRateLimit(variantsEntriesResponse);
+    }
+
     // Map the response items to extract variant UIDs
     const variants = variantsEntriesResponse.items.map(entry => ({
       uid: entry.variants._variant._uid,
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/client.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/client.js
index 22a73bcca7..828b63a8ef 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/client.js
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/client.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ async function getStack(data) {
   const options = {
     host: data.host,
     branchName: data.branch,
+    headers: {includeResHeaders: true},
   };
   const stackOptions = {};
   if (data.alias) {
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/common-utility.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/common-utility.js
index c51c0a40de..3d7b28e029 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/common-utility.js
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/common-utility.js
@@ -27,4 +27,27 @@ function fetchBulkPublishLimit(orgUid) {
   return bulkPublishLimit;
 }
 
-module.exports = { fetchBulkPublishLimit };
+/**
+ * Handles the rate limit checking and adds delay if necessary.
+ * @param {Object} error - The error object containing the response headers.
+ * @param {Object} data - The data being processed, including the batch size.
+ * @param {Function} delay - The delay function to use for waiting.
+ * @param {number} xRateLimitRemaining - The xRateLimitRemaining containing the remaining balance.
+ * @returns {boolean} - Returns `true` if delay was applied, `false` otherwise.
+ */
+async function handleRateLimit(error, data, delay, xRateLimitRemaining) {
+  // Check if rate limit is exhausted or batch size exceeds remaining limit
+  if (xRateLimitRemaining === 0 || data.length > xRateLimitRemaining) {
+    cliux.print(
+      'Bulk rate limit reached or batch size exceeds remaining limit. Retrying in 1 second...',
+      { color: 'yellow' },
+    );
+    await delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before retrying
+    return true; 
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+
+module.exports = { fetchBulkPublishLimit, handleRateLimit };
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/smart-rate-limiter.js b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/smart-rate-limiter.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c30102920e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/contentstack-bulk-publish/src/util/smart-rate-limiter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+const { cliux } = require('@contentstack/cli-utilities');
+const { fetchBulkPublishLimit } = require('./common-utility');
+
+// Singleton instances per organization
+const rateLimiterInstances = new Map();
+
+class SmartRateLimiter {
+  constructor(orgUid) {
+    this.orgUid = orgUid;
+    this.bulkPublishLimit = fetchBulkPublishLimit(orgUid);
+    this.xRateLimitRemaining = this.bulkPublishLimit;
+    this.serverRateLimit = null; // Track the actual server rate limit
+    this.pendingItems = [];
+    this.isProcessing = false;
+    this.requestCount = 0; // Track total requests made
+    this.lastStatusLog = 0; // Prevent duplicate status logs
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Log request attempt
+   * @param {string} operation - Type of operation (publish, unpublish, etc.)
+   * @param {string} itemType - Type of item (entry, asset, etc.)
+   * @param {string} itemId - ID of the item being processed
+   */
+  logRequestAttempt(operation, itemType, itemId) {
+    this.requestCount++;
+    // cliux.print(
+    //   `[${this.requestCount}] ${operation.toUpperCase()} ${itemType}: ${itemId} (${this.xRateLimitRemaining} remaining)`,
+    //   { color: 'cyan' }
+    // );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Log request success
+   * @param {string} operation - Type of operation
+   * @param {string} itemType - Type of item
+   * @param {string} itemId - ID of the item
+   * @param {Object} response - Server response
+   */
+  logRequestSuccess(operation, itemType, itemId, response) {
+    // cliux.print(
+    //   `[${this.requestCount}] ✓ ${operation.toUpperCase()} ${itemType}: ${itemId} - SUCCESS`,
+    //   { color: 'green' }
+    // );
+    
+    // Update rate limit from response
+    this.updateRateLimit(response);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Log request failure
+   * @param {string} operation - Type of operation
+   * @param {string} itemType - Type of item
+   * @param {string} itemId - ID of the item
+   * @param {Object} error - Error object
+   */
+  logRequestFailure(operation, itemType, itemId, error) {
+    const errorCode = error.errorCode || 'UNKNOWN';
+    const errorMessage = error.message || error.error_message || 'Unknown error';
+    
+    // cliux.print(
+    //   `[${this.requestCount}] ✗ ${operation.toUpperCase()} ${itemType}: ${itemId} - FAILED (${errorCode})`,
+    //   { color: 'red' }
+    // );
+    
+    if (errorCode === 429) {
+      cliux.print(
+        `[${this.requestCount}] Rate limit exceeded - will retry after delay`,
+        { color: 'yellow' }
+      );
+    } else {
+      cliux.print(
+        `[${this.requestCount}] Error: ${errorMessage}`,
+        { color: 'red' }
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Log rate limit check
+   * @param {number} itemsToProcess - Number of items to process
+   * @param {boolean} canProcess - Whether processing is allowed
+   */
+  logRateLimitCheck(itemsToProcess, canProcess) {
+    if (!canProcess) {
+      cliux.print(
+        `Rate limit check: Cannot process items (${this.xRateLimitRemaining} remaining) - waiting...`,
+        { color: 'yellow' }
+      );
+    } else {
+      cliux.print(
+        `Rate limit check: Can process ${itemsToProcess} items (${this.xRateLimitRemaining} remaining)`,
+        { color: 'green' }
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update rate limit from server response
+   * @param {Object} response - Server response with headers
+   */
+  updateRateLimit(response) {
+    if (response?.stackHeaders?.responseHeaders) {
+      // Handle AxiosHeaders object - try different access methods
+      const headers = response.stackHeaders.responseHeaders;
+      let remaining, limit;
+      
+      // Try different ways to access the headers
+      if (headers['x-ratelimit-remaining']) {
+        remaining = headers['x-ratelimit-remaining'];
+      } else if (headers.get && headers.get('x-ratelimit-remaining')) {
+        remaining = headers.get('x-ratelimit-remaining');
+      } else if (headers.x_ratelimit_remaining) {
+        remaining = headers.x_ratelimit_remaining;
+      }
+      
+      if (headers['x-ratelimit-limit']) {
+        limit = headers['x-ratelimit-limit'];
+      } else if (headers.get && headers.get('x-ratelimit-limit')) {
+        limit = headers.get('x-ratelimit-limit');
+      } else if (headers.x_ratelimit_limit) {
+        limit = headers.x_ratelimit_limit;
+      }
+      
+      if (remaining) {
+        const newRateLimit = parseInt(remaining, 10);
+        
+        // Update server rate limit if we get the total limit from headers
+        if (limit) {
+          this.serverRateLimit = parseInt(limit, 10);
+        }
+        
+        // Only update if the new value is different to avoid unnecessary logging
+        if (this.xRateLimitRemaining !== newRateLimit) {
+          this.xRateLimitRemaining = newRateLimit;
+          // cliux.print(`Rate limit updated: ${this.xRateLimitRemaining} remaining`, { color: 'blue' });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the optimal batch size based on current rate limit
+   * @param {number} totalItems - Total items to process
+   * @returns {number} - Optimal batch size
+   */
+  getOptimalBatchSize(totalItems) {
+    // Be more conservative when rate limit is low
+    let maxBatchSize = this.xRateLimitRemaining;
+    
+    // If rate limit is 2 or less, only process 1 item at a time
+    if (this.xRateLimitRemaining <= 2) {
+      maxBatchSize = 1;
+    }
+    // If rate limit is 5 or less, limit batch size to 2
+    else if (this.xRateLimitRemaining <= 5) {
+      maxBatchSize = Math.min(2, this.xRateLimitRemaining);
+    }
+    
+    // Use the smaller of: adjusted rate limit, configured batch limit, or total items
+    const optimalSize = Math.min(
+      maxBatchSize,
+      this.bulkPublishLimit,
+      totalItems
+    );
+    
+    if (optimalSize <= 0) {
+      // cliux.print(`Rate limit exhausted (${this.xRateLimitRemaining} remaining). Waiting for reset...`, { color: 'yellow' });
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return optimalSize;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if we can process items
+   * @param {number} itemsToProcess - Number of items to process
+   * @returns {boolean} - True if can process
+   */
+  canProcess(itemsToProcess = 1) {
+    // Get the optimal batch size for the requested number of items
+    const optimalBatchSize = this.getOptimalBatchSize(itemsToProcess);
+    const canProcess = optimalBatchSize > 0;
+    
+    // Add proactive delay when rate limit is low (1-2 remaining)
+    if (this.xRateLimitRemaining <= 2 && this.xRateLimitRemaining > 0) {
+      // cliux.print(
+      //   `Rate limit low (${this.xRateLimitRemaining} remaining) - adding proactive delay to prevent 429 errors`,
+      //   { color: 'yellow' }
+      // );
+      return false; // Force a delay to let rate limit recover
+    }
+    // this.logRateLimitCheck(optimalBatchSize, canProcess);
+    return canProcess;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Process items with rate limit awareness
+   * @param {Array} items - Items to process
+   * @param {Function} processFunction - Function to process items
+   * @param {Function} delayFunction - Delay function
+   * @returns {Promise<Array>} - Processed items
+   */
+  async processItemsWithRateLimit(items, processFunction, delayFunction) {
+    const results = [];
+    let currentIndex = 0;
+
+    while (currentIndex < items.length) {
+      const remainingItems = items.length - currentIndex;
+      const optimalBatchSize = this.getOptimalBatchSize(remainingItems);
+
+      if (optimalBatchSize === 0) {
+        // Rate limit exhausted, wait and retry
+        cliux.print('Rate limit reached. Waiting 1 second before retry...', { color: 'yellow' });
+        await delayFunction(1000);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Take the optimal batch size
+      const batch = items.slice(currentIndex, currentIndex + optimalBatchSize);
+      
+      try {
+        const result = await processFunction(batch);
+        results.push(result);
+        
+        // Update rate limit (assuming processFunction returns response with headers)
+        if (result && result.stackHeaders) {
+          this.updateRateLimit(result);
+        }
+        
+        currentIndex += optimalBatchSize;
+        
+        cliux.print(`Processed ${batch.length} items. ${items.length - currentIndex} remaining.`, { color: 'green' });
+        
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (error.errorCode === 429) {
+          // Rate limit error, wait and retry
+          cliux.print('Rate limit error (429). Waiting 1 second before retry...', { color: 'yellow' });
+          await delayFunction(1000);
+          // Don't increment currentIndex, retry the same batch
+        } else {
+          // Other error, skip this batch
+          cliux.print(`Error processing batch: ${error.message}`, { color: 'red' });
+          currentIndex += optimalBatchSize;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create batches based on rate limit
+   * @param {Array} items - Items to batch
+   * @returns {Array} - Array of batches
+   */
+  createOptimalBatches(items) {
+    const batches = [];
+    let currentIndex = 0;
+
+    while (currentIndex < items.length) {
+      const remainingItems = items.length - currentIndex;
+      const optimalBatchSize = this.getOptimalBatchSize(remainingItems);
+
+      if (optimalBatchSize === 0) {
+        // Can't process any more items due to rate limit
+        break;
+      }
+
+      const batch = items.slice(currentIndex, currentIndex + optimalBatchSize);
+      batches.push(batch);
+      currentIndex += optimalBatchSize;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      batches,
+      remainingItems: items.slice(currentIndex) // Items that couldn't be batched due to rate limit
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get current rate limit status
+   * @returns {Object} - Rate limit status
+   */
+  getStatus() {
+    return {
+      rateLimitRemaining: this.xRateLimitRemaining,
+      bulkPublishLimit: this.bulkPublishLimit,
+      serverRateLimit: this.serverRateLimit,
+      canProcess: this.xRateLimitRemaining > 0,
+      requestCount: this.requestCount
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Log current status
+   */
+  logStatus() {
+    const status = this.getStatus();
+    const totalLimit = this.serverRateLimit || this.bulkPublishLimit;
+    const status_rate_limit = `${status.rateLimitRemaining}/${totalLimit}/${status.requestCount}`;
+    
+    if (this.lastStatusLog !== status_rate_limit) {
+      // cliux.print(
+      //   `Rate Limit Status - Remaining: ${status.rateLimitRemaining}/${totalLimit} (Total requests: ${status.requestCount})`,
+      //   { color: status.canProcess ? 'green' : 'yellow' }
+      // );
+      this.lastStatusLog = status_rate_limit;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a smart rate limiter instance (singleton per organization)
+ * @param {string} orgUid - Organization UID
+ * @returns {SmartRateLimiter} - Smart rate limiter instance
+ */
+function createSmartRateLimiter(orgUid) {
+  // Return existing instance if available for this organization
+  if (rateLimiterInstances.has(orgUid)) {
+    return rateLimiterInstances.get(orgUid);
+  }
+  
+  // Create new instance and store it
+  const instance = new SmartRateLimiter(orgUid);
+  rateLimiterInstances.set(orgUid, instance);
+  return instance;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  SmartRateLimiter,
+  createSmartRateLimiter
+}; 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-config/README.md b/packages/contentstack-config/README.md
index d6bba66960..1dd6cfd08b 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-config/README.md
+++ b/packages/contentstack-config/README.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ $ npm install -g @contentstack/cli-config
 $ csdx COMMAND
 running command...
 $ csdx (--version)
-@contentstack/cli-config/1.14.0 darwin-arm64 node-v18.20.2
+@contentstack/cli-config/1.14.0 darwin-arm64 node-v22.14.0
 $ csdx --help [COMMAND]
 USAGE
   $ csdx COMMAND
@@ -326,12 +326,13 @@ Set logging configuration for CLI
 
 ```
 USAGE
-  $ csdx config:set:log [--level debug|info|warn|error] [--path <value>]
+  $ csdx config:set:log [--level debug|info|warn|error] [--path <value>] [--show-console-logs]
 
 FLAGS
-  --level=<option>  Set the log level for the CLI.
-                    <options: debug|info|warn|error>
-  --path=<value>    Specify the file path where logs should be saved.
+  --level=<option>          Set the log level for the CLI.
+                            <options: debug|info|warn|error>
+  --path=<value>            Specify the file path where logs should be saved.
+  --[no-]show-console-logs  Enable console logging.
 
 DESCRIPTION
   Set logging configuration for CLI
@@ -339,7 +340,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
 EXAMPLES
   $ csdx config:set:log
 
-  $ csdx config:set:log --level debug --path ./logs/app.log
+  $ csdx config:set:log --level debug --path ./logs/app.log --show-console-logs
+
+  $ csdx config:set:log --no-show-console-logs
 ```
 
 _See code: [src/commands/config/set/log.ts](https://github.com/contentstack/cli/blob/main/packages/contentstack-config/src/commands/config/set/log.ts)_
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-export/README.md b/packages/contentstack-export/README.md
index 34025e115b..138ecdba0e 100755
--- a/packages/contentstack-export/README.md
+++ b/packages/contentstack-export/README.md
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ $ npm install -g @contentstack/cli-cm-export
 $ csdx COMMAND
 running command...
 $ csdx (--version)
-@contentstack/cli-cm-export/1.18.0 darwin-arm64 node-v22.13.1
+@contentstack/cli-cm-export/1.18.0 darwin-arm64 node-v22.14.0
 $ csdx --help [COMMAND]
 USAGE
   $ csdx COMMAND
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ FLAGS
   -m, --module=<value>            [optional] Specific module name. If not specified, the export command will export all
                                   the modules to the stack. The available modules are assets, content-types, entries,
                                   environments, extensions, marketplace-apps, global-fields, labels, locales, webhooks,
-                                  workflows, custom-roles, personalize projects, and taxonomies.
+                                  workflows, custom-roles, and taxonomies.
   -t, --content-types=<value>...  [optional]  The UID of the content type(s) whose content you want to export. In case
                                   of multiple content types, specify the IDs separated by spaces.
   -y, --yes                       [optional] Force override all Marketplace prompts.
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ FLAGS
   -m, --module=<value>            [optional] Specific module name. If not specified, the export command will export all
                                   the modules to the stack. The available modules are assets, content-types, entries,
                                   environments, extensions, marketplace-apps, global-fields, labels, locales, webhooks,
-                                  workflows, custom-roles, personalize projects, and taxonomies.
+                                  workflows, custom-roles, and taxonomies.
   -t, --content-types=<value>...  [optional]  The UID of the content type(s) whose content you want to export. In case
                                   of multiple content types, specify the IDs separated by spaces.
   -y, --yes                       [optional] Force override all Marketplace prompts.
diff --git a/packages/contentstack-utilities/src/contentstack-management-sdk.ts b/packages/contentstack-utilities/src/contentstack-management-sdk.ts
index 4ca992940f..fcc26e58d4 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack-utilities/src/contentstack-management-sdk.ts
+++ b/packages/contentstack-utilities/src/contentstack-management-sdk.ts
@@ -85,6 +85,12 @@ class ManagementSDKInitiator {
       if (!option.headers) option.headers = {};
       option.headers['X-CS-CLI'] = this.analyticsInfo;
     }
+
+    if (config.headers?.includeResHeaders) {
+      if (!option.headers) option.headers = {};
+      option.headers['includeResHeaders'] = true;
+    }
+    
     if (!config.management_token) {
       const authorisationType = configStore.get('authorisationType');
       if (authorisationType === 'BASIC') {
diff --git a/packages/contentstack/README.md b/packages/contentstack/README.md
index 7dac701da7..2b93daf1ee 100644
--- a/packages/contentstack/README.md
+++ b/packages/contentstack/README.md
@@ -3556,12 +3556,13 @@ Set logging configuration for CLI
 
 ```
 USAGE
-  $ csdx config:set:log [--level debug|info|warn|error] [--path <value>]
+  $ csdx config:set:log [--level debug|info|warn|error] [--path <value>] [--show-console-logs]
 
 FLAGS
-  --level=<option>  Set the log level for the CLI.
-                    <options: debug|info|warn|error>
-  --path=<value>    Specify the file path where logs should be saved.
+  --level=<option>          Set the log level for the CLI.
+                            <options: debug|info|warn|error>
+  --path=<value>            Specify the file path where logs should be saved.
+  --[no-]show-console-logs  Enable console logging.
 
 DESCRIPTION
   Set logging configuration for CLI
@@ -3569,7 +3570,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
 EXAMPLES
   $ csdx config:set:log
 
-  $ csdx config:set:log --level debug --path ./logs/app.log
+  $ csdx config:set:log --level debug --path ./logs/app.log --show-console-logs
+
+  $ csdx config:set:log --no-show-console-logs
 ```
 
 _See code: [@contentstack/cli-config](https://github.com/contentstack/cli/blob/main/packages/contentstack-config/src/commands/config/set/log.ts)_
@@ -3817,8 +3820,7 @@ USAGE
   $ csdx launch:functions [-p <value>] [-d <value>]
 
 FLAGS
-  -d, --data-dir=<value>  [default: /Users/aman.kumar/Documents/cli-repos/logger-v2/cli/packages/contentstack] Current
-                          working directory
+  -d, --data-dir=<value>  [default: /Users/sunil.lakshman/Documents/cli/packages/contentstack] Current working directory
   -p, --port=<value>      [default: 3000] Port number
 
 DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/packages/contentstack/package.json b/packages/contentstack/package.json
index 643c435e83..eeb1f37962 100755
--- a/packages/contentstack/package.json
+++ b/packages/contentstack/package.json
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     "@contentstack/cli-auth": "~1.5.0",
     "@contentstack/cli-cm-bootstrap": "~1.15.0",
     "@contentstack/cli-cm-branches": "~1.5.0",
-    "@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish": "~1.9.0",
+    "@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish": "~1.9.1",
     "@contentstack/cli-cm-clone": "~1.15.0",
     "@contentstack/cli-cm-export": "~1.18.0",
     "@contentstack/cli-cm-export-to-csv": "~1.9.0",
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 120febf96e..a9f402cc68 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ importers:
       '@contentstack/cli-auth': ~1.5.0
       '@contentstack/cli-cm-bootstrap': ~1.15.0
       '@contentstack/cli-cm-branches': ~1.5.0
-      '@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish': ~1.9.0
+      '@contentstack/cli-cm-bulk-publish': ~1.9.1
       '@contentstack/cli-cm-clone': ~1.15.0
       '@contentstack/cli-cm-export': ~1.18.0
       '@contentstack/cli-cm-export-to-csv': ~1.9.0