diff --git a/backend/__init__.py b/backend/__init__.py
index 7a3295df..1bf396db 100644
--- a/backend/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from backend.common.i18n import i18n
 from backend.utils.console import console
 
 __version__ = '1.7.0'
@@ -7,3 +8,7 @@
 
 def get_version() -> str | None:
     console.print(f'[cyan]{__version__}[/]')
+
+
+# 初始化 i18n
+i18n.load_locales()
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/service/auth_service.py b/backend/app/admin/service/auth_service.py
index 42a158a6..2266b4e7 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/service/auth_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/admin/service/auth_service.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 from backend.app.admin.service.login_log_service import login_log_service
 from backend.common.enums import LoginLogStatusType
 from backend.common.exception import errors
+from backend.common.i18n import t
 from backend.common.log import log
 from backend.common.response.response_code import CustomErrorCode
 from backend.common.security.jwt import (
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ async def login(
                 user = await self.user_verify(db, obj.username, obj.password)
                 captcha_code = await redis_client.get(f'{settings.CAPTCHA_LOGIN_REDIS_PREFIX}:{request.state.ip}')
                 if not captcha_code:
-                    raise errors.RequestError(msg='验证码失效，请重新获取')
+                    raise errors.RequestError(msg=t('error.captcha.expired'))
                 if captcha_code.lower() != obj.captcha.lower():
                     raise errors.CustomError(error=CustomErrorCode.CAPTCHA_ERROR)
                 await redis_client.delete(f'{settings.CAPTCHA_LOGIN_REDIS_PREFIX}:{request.state.ip}')
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ async def login(
                         msg=e.msg,
                     ),
                 )
-                raise errors.RequestError(msg=e.msg, background=task)
+                raise errors.RequestError(code=e.code, msg=e.msg, background=task)
             except Exception as e:
                 log.error(f'登陆错误: {e}')
                 raise e
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ async def login(
                         username=obj.username,
                         login_time=timezone.now(),
                         status=LoginLogStatusType.success.value,
-                        msg='登录成功',
+                        msg=t('success.login.success'),
                     ),
                 )
                 data = GetLoginToken(
diff --git a/backend/cli.py b/backend/cli.py
index cedce176..397aca9d 100644
--- a/backend/cli.py
+++ b/backend/cli.py
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@
 from backend.utils.file_ops import install_git_plugin, install_zip_plugin, parse_sql_script
 
 
+class CustomReloadFilter(PythonFilter):
+    """自定义重载过滤器"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(extra_extensions=['.json', '.yaml', '.yml'])
+
+
 def run(host: str, port: int, reload: bool, workers: int | None) -> None:
     url = f'http://{host}:{port}'
     docs_url = url + settings.FASTAPI_DOCS_URL
@@ -45,7 +52,7 @@ def run(host: str, port: int, reload: bool, workers: int | None) -> None:
         address=host,
         port=port,
         reload=not reload,
-        reload_filter=PythonFilter,
+        reload_filter=CustomReloadFilter,
         workers=workers or 1,
     ).serve()
 
diff --git a/backend/common/exception/errors.py b/backend/common/exception/errors.py
index 64db8a03..54ec02b1 100644
--- a/backend/common/exception/errors.py
+++ b/backend/common/exception/errors.py
@@ -38,9 +38,15 @@ def __init__(self, *, error: CustomErrorCode, data: Any = None, background: Back
 class RequestError(BaseExceptionMixin):
     """请求异常"""
 
-    code = StandardResponseCode.HTTP_400
-
-    def __init__(self, *, msg: str = 'Bad Request', data: Any = None, background: BackgroundTask | None = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        code: int = StandardResponseCode.HTTP_400,
+        msg: str = 'Bad Request',
+        data: Any = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.code = code
         super().__init__(msg=msg, data=data, background=background)
 
 
diff --git a/backend/common/exception/exception_handler.py b/backend/common/exception/exception_handler.py
index ec28e77a..502c0fab 100644
--- a/backend/common/exception/exception_handler.py
+++ b/backend/common/exception/exception_handler.py
@@ -8,11 +8,9 @@
 from uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl import STATUS_PHRASES
 
 from backend.common.exception.errors import BaseExceptionMixin
+from backend.common.i18n import i18n, t
 from backend.common.response.response_code import CustomResponseCode, StandardResponseCode
 from backend.common.response.response_schema import response_base
-from backend.common.schema import (
-    CUSTOM_VALIDATION_ERROR_MESSAGES,
-)
 from backend.core.conf import settings
 from backend.utils.serializers import MsgSpecJSONResponse
 from backend.utils.trace_id import get_request_trace_id
@@ -46,18 +44,20 @@ async def _validation_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: RequestValidation
     """
     errors = []
     for error in exc.errors():
-        custom_message = CUSTOM_VALIDATION_ERROR_MESSAGES.get(error['type'])
-        if custom_message:
-            ctx = error.get('ctx')
-            if not ctx:
-                error['msg'] = custom_message
-            else:
-                ctx_error = ctx.get('error')
-                if ctx_error:
-                    error['msg'] = custom_message.format(**ctx)
-                    error['ctx']['error'] = (
-                        ctx_error.__str__().replace("'", '"') if isinstance(ctx_error, Exception) else None
-                    )
+        # 非 en-US 语言下，使用自定义错误信息
+        if i18n.current_language != 'en-US':
+            custom_message = t(f'pydantic.{error["type"]}')
+            if custom_message:
+                ctx = error.get('ctx')
+                if not ctx:
+                    error['msg'] = custom_message
+                else:
+                    ctx_error = ctx.get('error')
+                    if ctx_error:
+                        error['msg'] = custom_message.format(**ctx)
+                        error['ctx']['error'] = (
+                            ctx_error.__str__().replace("'", '"') if isinstance(ctx_error, Exception) else None
+                        )
         errors.append(error)
     error = errors[0]
     if error.get('type') == 'json_invalid':
diff --git a/backend/common/i18n.py b/backend/common/i18n.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1cc40d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/common/i18n.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import glob
+import json
+import os
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import yaml
+
+from backend.core.conf import settings
+from backend.core.path_conf import LOCALE_DIR
+
+
+class I18n:
+    """国际化管理器"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.locales: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        self.current_language: str = settings.I18N_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE
+
+    def load_locales(self):
+        """加载语言文本"""
+        patterns = [
+            os.path.join(LOCALE_DIR, '*.json'),
+            os.path.join(LOCALE_DIR, '*.yaml'),
+            os.path.join(LOCALE_DIR, '*.yml'),
+        ]
+
+        lang_files = []
+
+        for pattern in patterns:
+            lang_files.extend(glob.glob(pattern))
+
+        for lang_file in lang_files:
+            with open(lang_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                lang = Path(lang_file).stem
+                file_type = Path(lang_file).suffix[1:]
+                match file_type:
+                    case 'json':
+                        self.locales[lang] = json.loads(f.read())
+                    case 'yaml' | 'yml':
+                        self.locales[lang] = yaml.full_load(f.read())
+
+    def t(self, key: str, default: Any | None = None, **kwargs) -> str:
+        """
+        翻译函数
+
+        :param key: 目标文本键，支持点分隔，例如 'response.success'
+        :param default: 目标语言文本不存在时的默认文本
+        :param kwargs: 目标文本中的变量参数
+        :return:
+        """
+        keys = key.split('.')
+
+        try:
+            translation = self.locales[self.current_language]
+        except KeyError:
+            keys = 'error.language_not_found'
+            translation = self.locales[settings.I18N_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE]
+
+        for k in keys:
+            if isinstance(translation, dict) and k in list(translation.keys()):
+                translation = translation[k]
+            else:
+                # Pydantic 兼容
+                if keys[0] == 'pydantic':
+                    translation = None
+                else:
+                    translation = key
+
+        if translation and kwargs:
+            translation = translation.format(**kwargs)
+
+        return translation or default
+
+
+# 创建 i18n 单例
+i18n = I18n()
+
+# 创建翻译函数实例
+t = i18n.t
diff --git a/backend/common/response/response_code.py b/backend/common/response/response_code.py
index 9b3a7152..ca2fca9a 100644
--- a/backend/common/response/response_code.py
+++ b/backend/common/response/response_code.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 from enum import Enum
 
+from backend.common.i18n import t
+
 
 class CustomCodeBase(Enum):
     """自定义状态码基类"""
@@ -16,21 +18,22 @@ def code(self) -> int:
     @property
     def msg(self) -> str:
         """获取状态码信息"""
-        return self.value[1]
+        message = self.value[1]
+        return t(message)
 
 
 class CustomResponseCode(CustomCodeBase):
     """自定义响应状态码"""
 
-    HTTP_200 = (200, '请求成功')
-    HTTP_400 = (400, '请求错误')
+    HTTP_200 = (200, 'response.success')
+    HTTP_400 = (400, 'response.error')
     HTTP_500 = (500, '服务器内部错误')
 
 
 class CustomErrorCode(CustomCodeBase):
     """自定义错误状态码"""
 
-    CAPTCHA_ERROR = (40001, '验证码错误')
+    CAPTCHA_ERROR = (40001, 'error.captcha.error')
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
diff --git a/backend/common/schema.py b/backend/common/schema.py
index 924d71e6..37536e44 100644
--- a/backend/common/schema.py
+++ b/backend/common/schema.py
@@ -7,107 +7,6 @@
 
 from backend.utils.timezone import timezone
 
-# 自定义验证错误信息，参考：
-# https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/blob/a5cb7382643415b716b1a7a5392914e50f726528/tests/test_errors.py#L266
-# https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/caa78016433ec9b16a973f92f187a7b6bfde6cb5/docs/errors/errors.md?plain=1#L232
-CUSTOM_VALIDATION_ERROR_MESSAGES = {
-    'no_such_attribute': "对象没有属性 '{attribute}'",
-    'json_invalid': '无效的 JSON: {error}',
-    'json_type': 'JSON 输入应为字符串、字节或字节数组',
-    'recursion_loop': '递归错误 - 检测到循环引用',
-    'model_type': '输入应为有效的字典或 {class_name} 的实例',
-    'model_attributes_type': '输入应为有效的字典或可提取字段的对象',
-    'dataclass_exact_type': '输入应为 {class_name} 的实例',
-    'dataclass_type': '输入应为字典或 {class_name} 的实例',
-    'missing': '字段为必填项',
-    'frozen_field': '字段已冻结',
-    'frozen_instance': '实例已冻结',
-    'extra_forbidden': '不允许额外的输入',
-    'invalid_key': '键应为字符串',
-    'get_attribute_error': '提取属性时出错: {error}',
-    'none_required': '输入应为 None',
-    'enum': '输入应为 {expected}',
-    'greater_than': '输入应大于 {gt}',
-    'greater_than_equal': '输入应大于或等于 {ge}',
-    'less_than': '输入应小于 {lt}',
-    'less_than_equal': '输入应小于或等于 {le}',
-    'finite_number': '输入应为有限数字',
-    'too_short': '{field_type} 在验证后应至少有 {min_length} 个项目，而不是 {actual_length}',
-    'too_long': '{field_type} 在验证后最多应有 {max_length} 个项目，而不是 {actual_length}',
-    'string_type': '输入应为有效的字符串',
-    'string_sub_type': '输入应为字符串，而不是 str 子类的实例',
-    'string_unicode': '输入应为有效的字符串，无法将原始数据解析为 Unicode 字符串',
-    'string_pattern_mismatch': "字符串应匹配模式 '{pattern}'",
-    'string_too_short': '字符串应至少有 {min_length} 个字符',
-    'string_too_long': '字符串最多应有 {max_length} 个字符',
-    'dict_type': '输入应为有效的字典',
-    'mapping_type': '输入应为有效的映射，错误: {error}',
-    'iterable_type': '输入应为可迭代对象',
-    'iteration_error': '迭代对象时出错，错误: {error}',
-    'list_type': '输入应为有效的列表',
-    'tuple_type': '输入应为有效的元组',
-    'set_type': '输入应为有效的集合',
-    'bool_type': '输入应为有效的布尔值',
-    'bool_parsing': '输入应为有效的布尔值，无法解释输入',
-    'int_type': '输入应为有效的整数',
-    'int_parsing': '输入应为有效的整数，无法将字符串解析为整数',
-    'int_parsing_size': '无法将输入字符串解析为整数，超出最大大小',
-    'int_from_float': '输入应为有效的整数，得到一个带有小数部分的数字',
-    'multiple_of': '输入应为 {multiple_of} 的倍数',
-    'float_type': '输入应为有效的数字',
-    'float_parsing': '输入应为有效的数字，无法将字符串解析为数字',
-    'bytes_type': '输入应为有效的字节',
-    'bytes_too_short': '数据应至少有 {min_length} 个字节',
-    'bytes_too_long': '数据最多应有 {max_length} 个字节',
-    'value_error': '值错误，{error}',
-    'assertion_error': '断言失败，{error}',
-    'literal_error': '输入应为 {expected}',
-    'date_type': '输入应为有效的日期',
-    'date_parsing': '输入应为 YYYY-MM-DD 格式的有效日期，{error}',
-    'date_from_datetime_parsing': '输入应为有效的日期或日期时间，{error}',
-    'date_from_datetime_inexact': '提供给日期的日期时间应具有零时间 - 例如为精确日期',
-    'date_past': '日期应为过去的时间',
-    'date_future': '日期应为未来的时间',
-    'time_type': '输入应为有效的时间',
-    'time_parsing': '输入应为有效的时间格式，{error}',
-    'datetime_type': '输入应为有效的日期时间',
-    'datetime_parsing': '输入应为有效的日期时间，{error}',
-    'datetime_object_invalid': '无效的日期时间对象，得到 {error}',
-    'datetime_past': '输入应为过去的时间',
-    'datetime_future': '输入应为未来的时间',
-    'timezone_naive': '输入不应包含时区信息',
-    'timezone_aware': '输入应包含时区信息',
-    'timezone_offset': '需要时区偏移为 {tz_expected}，实际得到 {tz_actual}',
-    'time_delta_type': '输入应为有效的时间差',
-    'time_delta_parsing': '输入应为有效的时间差，{error}',
-    'frozen_set_type': '输入应为有效的冻结集合',
-    'is_instance_of': '输入应为 {class} 的实例',
-    'is_subclass_of': '输入应为 {class} 的子类',
-    'callable_type': '输入应为可调用对象',
-    'union_tag_invalid': "使用 {discriminator} 找到的输入标签 '{tag}' 与任何预期标签不匹配: {expected_tags}",
-    'union_tag_not_found': '无法使用区分器 {discriminator} 提取标签',
-    'arguments_type': '参数必须是元组、列表或字典',
-    'missing_argument': '缺少必需参数',
-    'unexpected_keyword_argument': '意外的关键字参数',
-    'missing_keyword_only_argument': '缺少必需的关键字专用参数',
-    'unexpected_positional_argument': '意外的位置参数',
-    'missing_positional_only_argument': '缺少必需的位置专用参数',
-    'multiple_argument_values': '为参数提供了多个值',
-    'url_type': 'URL 输入应为字符串或 URL',
-    'url_parsing': '输入应为有效的 URL，{error}',
-    'url_syntax_violation': '输入违反了严格的 URL 语法规则，{error}',
-    'url_too_long': 'URL 最多应有 {max_length} 个字符',
-    'url_scheme': 'URL 方案应为 {expected_schemes}',
-    'uuid_type': 'UUID 输入应为字符串、字节或 UUID 对象',
-    'uuid_parsing': '输入应为有效的 UUID，{error}',
-    'uuid_version': '预期 UUID 版本为 {expected_version}',
-    'decimal_type': '十进制输入应为整数、浮点数、字符串或 Decimal 对象',
-    'decimal_parsing': '输入应为有效的十进制数',
-    'decimal_max_digits': '十进制输入总共应不超过 {max_digits} 位数字',
-    'decimal_max_places': '十进制输入应不超过 {decimal_places} 位小数',
-    'decimal_whole_digits': '十进制输入在小数点前应不超过 {whole_digits} 位数字',
-}
-
 CustomPhoneNumber = Annotated[str, Field(pattern=r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$')]
 
 
diff --git a/backend/core/conf.py b/backend/core/conf.py
index 7fdb8e58..9d40bcae 100644
--- a/backend/core/conf.py
+++ b/backend/core/conf.py
@@ -191,6 +191,9 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     PLUGIN_PIP_INDEX_URL: str = 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/'
     PLUGIN_REDIS_PREFIX: str = 'fba:plugin'
 
+    # I18n 配置
+    I18N_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE: str = 'zh-CN'
+
     ##################################################
     # [ App ] task
     ##################################################
diff --git a/backend/core/path_conf.py b/backend/core/path_conf.py
index 8b9808b2..d05fc683 100644
--- a/backend/core/path_conf.py
+++ b/backend/core/path_conf.py
@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@
 # 上传文件目录
 UPLOAD_DIR = STATIC_DIR / 'upload'
 
+# 离线 IP 数据库路径
+IP2REGION_XDB = STATIC_DIR / 'ip2region.xdb'
+
 # 插件目录
 PLUGIN_DIR = BASE_PATH / 'plugin'
 
-# 离线 IP 数据库路径
-IP2REGION_XDB = STATIC_DIR / 'ip2region.xdb'
+# 国际化文件目录
+LOCALE_DIR = BASE_PATH / 'locale'
diff --git a/backend/core/registrar.py b/backend/core/registrar.py
index e546fa44..5a38e48d 100644
--- a/backend/core/registrar.py
+++ b/backend/core/registrar.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 from backend.database.db import create_tables
 from backend.database.redis import redis_client
 from backend.middleware.access_middleware import AccessMiddleware
+from backend.middleware.i18n_middleware import I18nMiddleware
 from backend.middleware.jwt_auth_middleware import JwtAuthMiddleware
 from backend.middleware.opera_log_middleware import OperaLogMiddleware
 from backend.middleware.state_middleware import StateMiddleware
@@ -42,21 +43,24 @@ async def register_init(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
     """
     # 创建数据库表
     await create_tables()
+
+    # 初始化 redis
+    await redis_client.open()
+
     # 初始化 limiter
     await FastAPILimiter.init(
         redis=redis_client,
         prefix=settings.REQUEST_LIMITER_REDIS_PREFIX,
         http_callback=http_limit_callback,
     )
+
     # 创建操作日志任务
     create_task(OperaLogMiddleware.consumer())
 
     yield
 
     # 关闭 redis 连接
-    await redis_client.close()
-    # 关闭 limiter
-    await FastAPILimiter.close()
+    await redis_client.aclose()
 
 
 def register_app() -> FastAPI:
@@ -127,6 +131,9 @@ def register_middleware(app: FastAPI) -> None:
         on_error=JwtAuthMiddleware.auth_exception_handler,
     )
 
+    # I18n
+    app.add_middleware(I18nMiddleware)
+
     # CORS
     if settings.MIDDLEWARE_CORS:
         from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
diff --git a/backend/locale/en-US.json b/backend/locale/en-US.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..723d7535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/locale/en-US.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "error": {
+    "captcha": {
+      "error": "Captcha error",
+      "expired": "Captcha has expired, please try again"
+    },
+    "language_not_found": "Current language pack is not initialized or does not exist"
+  },
+  "response": {
+    "error": "Request error",
+    "success": "Request success"
+  },
+  "success": {
+    "login": {
+      "oauth2_success": "Login success (OAuth2)",
+      "success": "Login success"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/locale/zh-CN.yml b/backend/locale/zh-CN.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82ea7c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/locale/zh-CN.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+error:
+  captcha:
+    error: 验证码错误
+    expired: 验证码已过期，请重新获取
+  language_not_found: 当前语言包未初始化或不存在
+pydantic:
+  # 自定义验证错误信息，参考：
+  # https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/blob/a5cb7382643415b716b1a7a5392914e50f726528/tests/test_errors.py#L266
+  # https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/caa78016433ec9b16a973f92f187a7b6bfde6cb5/docs/errors/errors.md?plain=1#L232
+  arguments_type: 参数必须是元组、列表或字典
+  assertion_error: '断言失败，{error}'
+  bool_parsing: 输入应为有效的布尔值，无法解释输入
+  bool_type: 输入应为有效的布尔值
+  bytes_too_long: '数据最多应有 {max_length} 个字节'
+  bytes_too_short: '数据应至少有 {min_length} 个字节'
+  bytes_type: 输入应为有效的字节
+  callable_type: 输入应为可调用对象
+  dataclass_exact_type: '输入应为 {class_name} 的实例'
+  dataclass_type: '输入应为字典或 {class_name} 的实例'
+  date_from_datetime_inexact: 提供给日期的日期时间应具有零时间 - 例如为精确日期
+  date_from_datetime_parsing: '输入应为有效的日期或日期时间，{error}'
+  date_future: 日期应为未来的时间
+  date_past: 日期应为过去的时间
+  date_parsing: '输入应为 YYYY-MM-DD 格式的有效日期，{error}'
+  date_type: 输入应为有效的日期
+  datetime_future: 输入应为未来的时间
+  datetime_object_invalid: '无效的日期时间对象，得到 {error}'
+  datetime_past: 输入应为过去的时间
+  datetime_parsing: '输入应为有效的日期时间，{error}'
+  datetime_type: 输入应为有效的日期时间
+  decimal_max_digits: '十进制输入总共应不超过 {max_digits} 位数字'
+  decimal_max_places: '十进制输入应不超过 {decimal_places} 位小数'
+  decimal_parsing: 输入应为有效的十进制数
+  decimal_type: 十进制输入应为整数、浮点数、字符串或 Decimal 对象
+  decimal_whole_digits: '十进制输入在小数点前应不超过 {whole_digits} 位数字'
+  dict_type: 输入应为有效的字典
+  email_parsing: '输入应为有效的邮箱地址，{error}'
+  email_type: 输入应为有效的邮箱地址
+  enum: '输入应为 {expected}'
+  extra_forbidden: 不允许额外的输入
+  finite_number: 输入应为有限数字
+  float_parsing: 输入应为有效的数字，无法将字符串解析为数字
+  float_type: 输入应为有效的数字
+  frozen_field: 字段已冻结
+  frozen_instance: 实例已冻结
+  frozen_set_type: 输入应为有效的冻结集合
+  get_attribute_error: '提取属性时出错: {error}'
+  greater_than: '输入应大于 {gt}'
+  greater_than_equal: '输入应大于或等于 {ge}'
+  int_from_float: 输入应为有效的整数，得到一个带有小数部分的数字
+  int_parsing: 输入应为有效的整数，无法将字符串解析为整数
+  int_parsing_size: 无法将输入字符串解析为整数，超出最大大小
+  int_type: 输入应为有效的整数
+  invalid_key: 键应为字符串
+  is_instance_of: '输入应为 {class} 的实例'
+  is_subclass_of: '输入应为 {class} 的子类'
+  iteration_error: '迭代对象时出错，错误: {error}'
+  iterable_type: 输入应为可迭代对象
+  json_invalid: '无效的 JSON: {error}'
+  json_type: JSON 输入应为字符串、字节或字节数组
+  less_than: '输入应小于 {lt}'
+  less_than_equal: '输入应小于或等于 {le}'
+  list_type: 输入应为有效的列表
+  literal_error: '输入应为 {expected}'
+  mapping_type: '输入应为有效的映射，错误: {error}'
+  missing: 字段为必填项
+  missing_argument: 缺少必需参数
+  missing_keyword_only_argument: 缺少必需的关键字专用参数
+  missing_positional_only_argument: 缺少必需的位置专用参数
+  model_attributes_type: 输入应为有效的字典或可提取字段的对象
+  model_type: '输入应为有效的字典或 {class_name} 的实例'
+  multiple_argument_values: 为参数提供了多个值
+  multiple_of: '输入应为 {multiple_of} 的倍数'
+  no_such_attribute: '对象没有属性 ''{attribute}'''
+  none_required: 输入应为 None
+  recursion_loop: 递归错误 - 检测到循环引用
+  set_type: 输入应为有效的集合
+  string_pattern_mismatch: '字符串应匹配模式 ''{pattern}'''
+  string_sub_type: 输入应为字符串，而不是 str 子类的实例
+  string_too_long: '字符串最多应有 {max_length} 个字符'
+  string_too_short: '字符串应至少有 {min_length} 个字符'
+  string_type: 输入应为有效的字符串
+  string_unicode: 输入应为有效的字符串，无法将原始数据解析为 Unicode 字符串
+  time_delta_parsing: '输入应为有效的时间差，{error}'
+  time_delta_type: 输入应为有效的时间差
+  time_parsing: '输入应为有效的时间格式，{error}'
+  time_type: 输入应为有效的时间
+  timezone_aware: 输入应包含时区信息
+  timezone_naive: 输入不应包含时区信息
+  timezone_offset: '需要时区偏移为 {tz_expected}，实际得到 {tz_actual}'
+  too_long: '{field_type} 在验证后最多应有 {max_length} 个项目，而不是 {actual_length}'
+  too_short: '{field_type} 在验证后应至少有 {min_length} 个项目，而不是 {actual_length}'
+  tuple_type: 输入应为有效的元组
+  union_tag_invalid: '使用 {discriminator} 找到的输入标签 ''{tag}'' 与任何预期标签不匹配: {expected_tags}'
+  union_tag_not_found: '无法使用区分器 {discriminator} 提取标签'
+  unexpected_keyword_argument: 意外的关键字参数
+  unexpected_positional_argument: 意外的位置参数
+  url_parsing: '输入应为有效的 URL，{error}'
+  url_scheme: 'URL 方案应为 {expected_schemes}'
+  url_syntax_violation: '输入违反了严格的 URL 语法规则，{error}'
+  url_too_long: 'URL 最多应有 {max_length} 个字符'
+  url_type: URL 输入应为字符串或 URL
+  uuid_parsing: '输入应为有效的 UUID，{error}'
+  uuid_type: UUID 输入应为字符串、字节或 UUID 对象
+  uuid_version: '预期 UUID 版本为 {expected_version}'
+  value_error: '值错误，{error}'
+response:
+  error: 请求错误
+  success: 请求成功
+success:
+  login:
+    oauth2_success: 登录成功（OAuth2）
+    success: 登录成功
diff --git a/backend/middleware/i18n_middleware.py b/backend/middleware/i18n_middleware.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd9edf6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/middleware/i18n_middleware.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Callable
+
+from fastapi import Request, Response
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+
+from backend.common.i18n import i18n
+
+
+class I18nMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    """国际化中间件"""
+
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: Callable) -> Response:
+        """
+        处理请求并设置国际化语言
+
+        :param request: FastAPI 请求对象
+        :param call_next: 下一个中间件或路由处理函数
+        :return:
+        """
+        language = self.get_current_language(request)
+
+        # 设置国际化语言
+        if language and i18n.current_language != language:
+            i18n.current_language = language
+
+        response = await call_next(request)
+
+        return response
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+    def get_current_language(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        """
+        获取当前请求的语言偏好
+
+        :param request: FastAPI 请求对象
+        :return:
+        """
+        accept_language = request.headers.get('Accept-Language', '')
+        if not accept_language:
+            return None
+
+        languages = [lang.split(';')[0] for lang in accept_language.split(',')]
+        lang = languages[0].lower().strip()
+
+        # 语言映射
+        lang_mapping = {
+            'zh': 'zh-CN',
+            'zh-cn': 'zh-CN',
+            'zh-hans': 'zh-CN',
+            'en': 'en-US',
+            'en-us': 'en-US',
+        }
+
+        return lang_mapping.get(lang, lang)
diff --git a/backend/plugin/oauth2/service/oauth2_service.py b/backend/plugin/oauth2/service/oauth2_service.py
index 95bb4d30..aba6dcb9 100644
--- a/backend/plugin/oauth2/service/oauth2_service.py
+++ b/backend/plugin/oauth2/service/oauth2_service.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from backend.app.admin.schema.user import AddOAuth2UserParam
 from backend.app.admin.service.login_log_service import login_log_service
 from backend.common.enums import LoginLogStatusType, UserSocialType
+from backend.common.i18n import t
 from backend.common.security import jwt
 from backend.core.conf import settings
 from backend.database.db import async_db_session
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ async def create_with_login(
                 username=sys_user.username,
                 login_time=timezone.now(),
                 status=LoginLogStatusType.success.value,
-                msg='登录成功（OAuth2）',
+                msg=t('success.login.oauth2_success'),
             )
             background_tasks.add_task(login_log_service.create, **login_log)
             await redis_client.delete(f'{settings.CAPTCHA_LOGIN_REDIS_PREFIX}:{request.state.ip}')
diff --git a/backend/plugin/tools.py b/backend/plugin/tools.py
index 5d634171..11f8bb3b 100644
--- a/backend/plugin/tools.py
+++ b/backend/plugin/tools.py
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ def parse_plugin_config() -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
 
     # 使用独立单例，避免与主线程冲突
     current_redis_client = RedisCli()
-    run_await(current_redis_client.open)()
 
     # 清理未知插件信息
     run_await(current_redis_client.delete_prefix)(