diff --git a/news_oversimplifier.py b/news_oversimplifier.py
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+++ b/news_oversimplifier.py
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+# news_oversimplifier.py
+# Python command-line tool that fetches recent news articles based on a search query using NewsAPI and summarizes the article content using extractive summarization. You can also save the summaries to a text file.
+
+# (requires API key in .env file)
+
+import requests
+import os
+import sys
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from summa.summarizer import summarize
+
+
+def main():
+
+    # loads .env variables
+    load_dotenv()
+    API_KEY = os.getenv("NEWS_API_KEY")
+
+    # check validity of command-line arguments
+    try:
+        if len(sys.argv) == 2:
+            news_query = sys.argv[1]
+        else:
+            raise IndexError()
+    except IndexError:
+        sys.exit('Please provide correct number of command-line arguments')
+
+    try:
+        # get number of articles from user
+        while True:
+            try:
+                num_articles = int(input('Enter number of articles: '))
+                break
+            except ValueError:
+                continue
+
+        # fetch news articles based on user's query
+        articles = fetch_news(API_KEY, query=news_query, max_articles=num_articles)
+
+        # output printing title, summary and no. of words in the summary
+        for i, article in enumerate(articles):
+            capitalized_title = capitalize_title(article["title"])
+            print(f"\n{i+1}. {capitalized_title}")
+
+            content = article.get("content") or article.get("description") or ""
+            if not content.strip():
+                print("No content to oversimplify.")
+                continue
+
+            summary = summarize_text(content) # returns summary
+            count = word_count(summary) # returns word count
+            print(f"\nOVERSIMPLIFIED:\n{summary}\n{count} words\n")
+
+            # ask user whether they want to save the output in a txt file
+            while True:
+                saving_status = input(
+                    "Would you like to save this in a text file? (y/n): ").strip().lower()
+                if saving_status == "y":
+                    save_summary(article["title"], summary)
+                    break
+                elif saving_status == "n":
+                    break
+                else:
+                    print('Try again\n')
+                    continue
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print("ERROR:", e)
+
+
+def word_count(text):  # pytest in test file
+    """
+    Returns the number of words in the given text.
+
+    args:
+        text (str): Input string to count words from.
+
+    returns:
+        int: Number of words in the string.
+    """
+    return len(text.split())
+
+
+def summarize_text(text, ratio=0.6):  # pytest in test file
+    """
+    Summarizes the given text using the summa library.
+
+    args:
+        text (str): The input text to summarize.
+        ratio (float): Ratio of the original text to retain in the summary.
+
+    returns:
+        str: The summarized text, or a fallback message if intro is present or summary is empty.
+    """
+    summary = summarize(text, ratio=ratio)
+    if summary.lower().startswith("hello, and welcome to decoder!"):
+        return "No description available for this headline"
+    else:
+        return summary.strip() if summary else text
+
+
+def capitalize_title(title):  # pytest in test file
+    """
+    Capitalizes all letters in a given article title.
+
+    args:
+        title (str): The title to format.
+
+    returns:
+        str: Title in uppercase with surrounding spaces removed.
+    """
+    return title.upper().strip()
+
+
+def fetch_news(api_key, query, max_articles=5):  # no pytest
+    """
+    Fetches a list of news articles from NewsAPI based on a query string.
+
+    args:
+        api_key (str): NewsAPI key loaded from environment.
+        query (str): The keyword to search for in news articles.
+        max_articles (int): Maximum number of articles to fetch.
+
+    returns:
+        list: List of dictionaries, each representing a news article.
+
+    raises:
+        Exception: If the API response status is not 'ok'.
+    """
+    url = (
+        f"https://newsapi.org/v2/everything?q={query}&language=en&apiKey={api_key}&pageSize={max_articles}"
+    )
+    response = requests.get(url)
+    data = response.json()
+    if data.get("status") != "ok":
+        raise Exception("Failed to fetch news:", data.get("message"))
+    return data["articles"]
+
+
+def save_summary(title, summary, path="summaries.txt"):  # no pytest
+    """
+    Appends a formatted summary to a file along with its title.
+
+    args:
+        title (str): Title of the article.
+        summary (str): Summarized text to save.
+        path (str): File path to save the summary, i.e. 'summaries.txt'
+    """
+    with open(path, "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(f"{title}\n{summary}\n{'='*60}\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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