[CI][Github] Use newer sccache version in CI container

I was having trouble with the version that ships in the ubuntu apt repository
and GCS based caching. The newer version works, so reintroduce the infra that
we had in 2c1d4b0 to download it.

Reviewers: tstellar, lnihlen, gburgessiv, dschuff, cmtice, Keenuts

Reviewed By: cmtice, Keenuts

Pull Request: #149196

Author: boomanaiden154

.github/workflows/containers/github-action-ci/Dockerfile

@@ -63,11 +63,21 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     python3-pip \
     ccache \
     file \
-    tzdata \
-    sccache && \
+    tzdata && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+# We need sccache for caching. We cannot use the apt repository version because
+# it is too old and has bugs related to features we require (particularly GCS
+# caching), so we manually install it here.
+# TODO(boomanaiden154): We should return to installing this from the apt
+# repository once a version containing the necessary bug fixes is available.
+RUN curl -L 'https://github.com/mozilla/sccache/releases/download/v0.10.0/sccache-v0.10.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz' > /tmp/sccache.tar.gz && \
+    echo "1fbb35e135660d04a2d5e42b59c7874d39b3deb17de56330b25b713ec59f849b /tmp/sccache.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c && \
+    tar xzf /tmp/sccache.tar.gz -O --wildcards '*/sccache' > '/usr/local/bin/sccache' && \
+    rm /tmp/sccache.tar.gz && \
+    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/sccache
+
 ENV LLVM_SYSROOT=$LLVM_SYSROOT
 ENV PATH=${LLVM_SYSROOT}/bin:${PATH}