diff --git a/packages/rollup/lib/index.js b/packages/rollup/lib/index.js
index ddbf4a0eb..78a00c03e 100644
--- a/packages/rollup/lib/index.js
+++ b/packages/rollup/lib/index.js
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
  *   Callback called by Rollup and Vite to transform.
  * @param {string} value
  *   File contents.
- * @param {string} path
- *   File path.
+ * @param {string} id
+ *   Module ID.
  * @returns {Promise<SourceDescription | undefined>}
  *   Result.
  *
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export function rollup(options) {
         ...rest
       })
     },
-    async transform(value, path) {
+    async transform(value, id) {
       if (!formatAwareProcessors) {
         formatAwareProcessors = createFormatAwareProcessors({
           SourceMapGenerator,
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ export function rollup(options) {
         })
       }
 
+      const [path] = id.split('?')
       const file = new VFile({path, value})
 
       if (
diff --git a/packages/rollup/test/index.js b/packages/rollup/test/index.js
index e8e308ced..4d826ca2d 100644
--- a/packages/rollup/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/rollup/test/index.js
@@ -101,4 +101,27 @@ test('@mdx-js/rollup', async function (t) {
     assert.doesNotMatch(code, /jsxs?\(/)
     assert.match(code, /jsxDEV\(/)
   })
+
+  await t.test('should handle query parameters in vite', async () => {
+    const result = /** @type {Array<RollupOutput>} */ (
+      await build({
+        build: {
+          lib: {
+            entry:
+              fileURLToPath(new URL('vite-entry.mdx', import.meta.url)) +
+              '?query=param',
+            name: 'query'
+          },
+          write: false
+        },
+        logLevel: 'silent',
+        plugins: [rollupMdx()]
+      })
+    )
+
+    const code = result[0].output[0].code
+
+    assert.match(code, /Hello Vite/)
+    assert.match(code, /jsxs?\(/)
+  })
 })