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t440p: convert to shared doc chapters
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‎common/doc/haswell_latest_versions.md‎

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* __microcode update__: revision `0x28` from 2019-11-12
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* __SeaBIOS__: version [1.16.3](https://seabios.org/Releases) from 2023-11-07

‎t440p/README.md‎

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@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Get it from our [release page](https://github.com/merge/skulls/releases)
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* __microcode update__: revision `0x28` from 2019-11-12
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* __SeaBIOS__: version [1.16.3](https://seabios.org/Releases) from 2023-11-07
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Note: This release includes a non-free binary blob `mrc.bin` that is used
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for dram initialisation.
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... choose __one of the following__ supported flashing hardware examples:
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#### Hardware Example: Raspberry Pi 3
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A Raspberry Pi can directly be a flasher through it's I/O pins, see below.
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Use a test clip or hooks, see [required hardware](#preparation-required-hardware).
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Connect corresponding RPI Pins, according to the images above.
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Now copy the Skulls release tarball over to the Rasperry Pi and
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[continue](#unpack-the-skulls-release-archive) on the Pi.
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* "Progressive" turned off, and
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* "4:2:0 (chroma quartered)" Subsampling
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You can use `imagemagick` to prepare the .jpg file using:
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* `mogrify logo.jpg -interlace none <splashscreen>`
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* `mogrify logo.jpg -sampling-factor 4:2:0 <splashscreen>`
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* `convert <splashscreen> -resize 1024x768! <splashscreen> # optional, but converts image size to match screen dimensions`
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`ImageMagick` can also be used to convert images of another format into .jpg using the [convert](https://imagemagick.org/script/convert.php) tool.
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**Note**: replace `<splashscreen>` with the file name.
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‎t440p/README.md.in‎

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# Skulls - [Thinkpad T440P](https://pcsupport.lenovo.com/us/zh/products/laptops-and-netbooks/thinkpad-t-series-laptops/thinkpad-t440p)
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![front_bootsplash](front.jpg)
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## Latest release
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Get it from our [release page](https://github.com/merge/skulls/releases)
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* __coreboot__: We take coreboot's master branch at the time we build a release image.
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![[common/doc/haswell_latest_versions.md]]
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Note: This release includes a non-free binary blob `mrc.bin` that is used
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for dram initialisation.
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## table of contents
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* [TL;DR](#tldr)
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* [First-time installation](#first-time-installation)
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* [Updating](#updating)
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* [Why does this work](#why-does-this-work)
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* [How to rebuild](#how-to-reproduce-the-release-images)
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## TL;DR
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1. run `sudo ./skulls.sh -b t440p` on your current T440P Linux system
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2. Power down, remove the battery. Remove the keyboard and palmrest. Connect
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a hardware flasher to an external PC (or a Raspberry Pi with a SPI 8-pin chip clip
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can directly be used), and run
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`sudo ./external_install_bottom.sh` on the lower chip
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and `sudo ./external_install_top.sh -b t440p` on the top chip of the two.
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3. For updating later, run `./skulls.sh -b t440p`. No need to disassemble.
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And always use the latest [released](https://github.com/merge/skulls/releases)
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package. This will be tested. The git master
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branch is _not_ meant to be stable. Use it for testing only.
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## First-time installation
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#### before you begin
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Run Linux on your T440P, install `dmidecode` and run
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`sudo ./skulls.sh -b t440p`. It simply prints system information and
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helps you to be up to date.
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Make sure you have the latest skulls package release by running
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`./skulls.sh -b t440p -U`.
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#### preparation: required hardware
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* An 8 Pin SOIC Clip, for example from
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[Pomona electronics](https://www.pomonaelectronics.com/products/test-clips/soic-clip-8-pin)
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(you'll find it
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[somewhere](https://geizhals.eu/?fs=pomona+test+clip+5250) online)
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* 6 [female](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/37783/how-can-i-create-a-female-jumper-wire-connector)
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[jumper wires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_wire) like
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[these](https://geizhals.eu/jumper-cable-female-female-20cm-a1471094.html)
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to connect the clip to a hardware flasher (if not included with the clip)
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* a hardware flasher
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[supported by flashrom](https://www.flashrom.org/Flashrom/0.9.9/Supported_Hardware#USB_Devices), see below for the examples we support
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#### open up the T440P
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Follow any disassembly tutorial you can find online. You need to almost
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fully disassemble if you want to flash (unlock and me_cleaner) the 8M chip
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too. The 2 chips are rotated 180 degrees to one another on
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the board.
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The 4MB chip:
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![flash_4m](ch341a_4m.jpg)
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The 8MB chip:
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![flash_8m](ch341a_8m.jpg)
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... choose __one of the following__ supported flashing hardware examples:
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#### Hardware Example: Raspberry Pi 3
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![[common/doc/hw_rpi.md]]
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Now copy the Skulls release tarball over to the Rasperry Pi and
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[continue](#unpack-the-skulls-release-archive) on the Pi.
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#### Hardware Example: CH341A based
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The CH341A from [Winchiphead](http://www.wch.cn/), a USB interface chip,
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is used by some cheap memory programmers.
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The one we describe can be bought at
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aliexpress
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but it's available [elsewhere](https://geizhals.eu/?fs=ch341a) too.
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This means you need a different computer running a Linux based system here.
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Also, we don't use the included 3,3V power output (provides too little power),
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but a separate power supply. If you don't have any, consider getting a AMS1117
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based supply for a second USB port (like [this](https://de.aliexpress.com/item/1PCS-AMS1117-3-3V-Mini-USB-5V-3-3V-DC-Perfect-Power-Supply-Module/32785334595.html) or [this](https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=ams1117+usb)).
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* Leave the P/S Jumper connected (programmer mode, 1a86:5512 USB device)
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* Connect 3,3V from your external supply to the Pomona clip's (or hook) VCC
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* Connect GND from your external supply to GND on your CH341A programmer
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* Connect your clip or hooks to the rest of the programmer's SPI pins
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* Connect the programmer (and power supply, if USB) to your PC's USB port
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![ch341a programmer with extra USB power supply](ch341a.jpg)
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#### unpack the Skulls release archive
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tar -xf skulls-<version>.tar.xz
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cd skulls-<version>
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#### ifd unlock and me_cleaner: the 8MB chip
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With the chips at the edge of the board closer to you, this is the right
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chip. Flashing the 8MB chip is optional but highly recommended.
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It has the same pinout as the 4MB chip, but the two chips are soldered
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the opposite way around. When you don't unlock the 8MB chip
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with an external flasher, you can't flash internally and fix the
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[security issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine#Security_vulnerabilities)
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in the
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[Intel Management Engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine).
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sudo ./external_install_bottom.sh -m -k <backup-file-to-create>
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That's it. Keep the backup safe. Here are the options (just so you know):
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* The `-m` option applies `me_cleaner -S -d` before flashing back, see
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[me_cleaner](https://github.com/corna/me_cleaner).
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* The `-l` option will (re-)lock your flash ROM, in case you want to force
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yourself (and others) to hardware-flashing, see [updating](#updating).
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#### Your BIOS: the 4MB chip
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This is the left chip of the 2. Choose the image to flash during running:
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sudo ./external_install_top.sh -b t440p -k <backup-file-to-create>
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This selects and flashes it and that's it.
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Keep the backup safe, assemble and
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turn on the T440P. coreboot will do hardware init and start SeaBIOS.
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## Updating
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If you have locked your flash (i.e. `./external_install_bottom -l`) you can
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flash externally using `external_install_top.sh -b t440p` just like the
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first time, see above. Only the "upper" 4MB chip has to be written.
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It is recommended to do the update directly on your T440P using Linux
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though. This is considered more safe for your hardware and is very convenient -
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just install the "flashrom" program and run `./skulls.sh -b t440p`, see below.
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1. boot Linux with the `iomem=relaxed` boot parameter (for example in /etc/default/grub `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT`)
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2. [download](https://github.com/merge/skulls/releases) the latest Skulls release tarball and unpack it or check for updates by running `./skulls.sh -b t440p -U`.
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3. run `sudo ./skulls.sh -b t440p` and choose the image to flash.
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Hint: In case your Linux distribution's GRUB bootloader doesn't use the full
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screen, put the line `GRUB_GFXMODE=1366x768x32` in your `/etc/default/grub` file
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(and run `update_grub`).
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## Why does this work?
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On the T440P, there are 2 physical "BIOS" chips. The 4MB
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one holds the actual bios we can generate using coreboot, and the 8MB
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one holds the rest that you can [modify yourself once](#first-time-installation),
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if you like, but strictly speaking, you
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[don't need to touch it at all](https://www.coreboot.org/Board:lenovo/x230#Building_Firmware).
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What's this "rest"?
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Mainly a tiny binary used by the Ethernet card and the Intel Management Engine.
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Read the [coreboot documentation](https://doc.coreboot.org/mainboard/lenovo/t440p.html)
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for more details.
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## how to reproduce the release images
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* `git clone https://github.com/merge/skulls`
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* `cd skulls/t440p`
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* `git checkout 1.0.0` for the release you want to build.
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* `./build.sh` and choose the configuration you want to build.
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### replace the splashscreen image
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![[common/doc/splashscreen.md]]

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