diff --git a/.changeset/input-validation-error-callback.md b/.changeset/input-validation-error-callback.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cac8dce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/input-validation-error-callback.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@modelcontextprotocol/server': minor
+---
+
+Add `onInputValidationError` callback to `McpServerOptions`. When a tool call fails input schema validation, this callback fires before the error is returned to the client, enabling observability (logging, metrics) for invalid tool calls.
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts b/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts
index 05136f5b6..d3c53fecf 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts
@@ -50,6 +50,32 @@ import { getCompleter, isCompletable } from './completable.js';
 import type { ServerOptions } from './server.js';
 import { Server } from './server.js';
 
+/**
+ * Callback invoked when tool input validation fails against the tool's inputSchema.
+ * Called before the validation error is returned to the client, allowing servers
+ * to add logging, metrics, or other observability for invalid tool calls.
+ */
+export type InputValidationErrorCallback = (error: {
+    /** The name of the tool that was called. */
+    toolName: string;
+    /** The arguments that were passed to the tool. */
+    arguments: unknown;
+    /** Individual validation issues from the schema parse. */
+    issues: Array<{ message: string }>;
+}) => void | Promise<void>;
+
+/**
+ * Options for configuring an McpServer instance.
+ */
+export type McpServerOptions = ServerOptions & {
+    /**
+     * Optional callback invoked when a tool call fails input schema validation.
+     * This fires before the validation error is returned to the client, enabling
+     * observability (logging, metrics, etc.) for invalid tool calls.
+     */
+    onInputValidationError?: InputValidationErrorCallback;
+};
+
 /**
  * High-level MCP server that provides a simpler API for working with resources, tools, and prompts.
  * For advanced usage (like sending notifications or setting custom request handlers), use the underlying
@@ -76,9 +102,11 @@ export class McpServer {
     private _registeredTools: { [name: string]: RegisteredTool } = {};
     private _registeredPrompts: { [name: string]: RegisteredPrompt } = {};
     private _experimental?: { tasks: ExperimentalMcpServerTasks };
+    private _onInputValidationError?: InputValidationErrorCallback;
 
-    constructor(serverInfo: Implementation, options?: ServerOptions) {
+    constructor(serverInfo: Implementation, options?: McpServerOptions) {
         this.server = new Server(serverInfo, options);
+        this._onInputValidationError = options?.onInputValidationError;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -258,6 +286,13 @@ export class McpServer {
 
         const parseResult = await parseSchemaAsync(tool.inputSchema, args ?? {});
         if (!parseResult.success) {
+            if (this._onInputValidationError) {
+                await this._onInputValidationError({
+                    toolName,
+                    arguments: args,
+                    issues: parseResult.error.issues.map((i: { message: string }) => ({ message: i.message }))
+                });
+            }
             const errorMessage = parseResult.error.issues.map((i: { message: string }) => i.message).join(', ');
             throw new ProtocolError(
                 ProtocolErrorCode.InvalidParams,
diff --git a/test/integration/test/server/mcp.test.ts b/test/integration/test/server/mcp.test.ts
index 416f05102..c11b3ea17 100644
--- a/test/integration/test/server/mcp.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/test/server/mcp.test.ts
@@ -1180,6 +1180,156 @@ describe('Zod v4', () => {
             );
         });
 
+        /***
+         * Test: onInputValidationError callback
+         */
+        test('should call onInputValidationError callback on validation failure', async () => {
+            const validationErrors: Array<{ toolName: string; arguments: unknown; issues: Array<{ message: string }> }> = [];
+
+            const mcpServer = new McpServer(
+                { name: 'test server', version: '1.0' },
+                {
+                    onInputValidationError: error => {
+                        validationErrors.push(error);
+                    }
+                }
+            );
+            const client = new Client({
+                name: 'test client',
+                version: '1.0'
+            });
+
+            mcpServer.registerTool(
+                'test',
+                {
+                    inputSchema: z.object({
+                        name: z.string(),
+                        value: z.number()
+                    })
+                },
+                async ({ name, value }) => ({
+                    content: [
+                        {
+                            type: 'text',
+                            text: `${name}: ${value}`
+                        }
+                    ]
+                })
+            );
+
+            const [clientTransport, serverTransport] = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+            await Promise.all([client.connect(clientTransport), mcpServer.server.connect(serverTransport)]);
+
+            const result = await client.request({
+                method: 'tools/call',
+                params: {
+                    name: 'test',
+                    arguments: {
+                        name: 'test',
+                        value: 'not a number'
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
+            expect(validationErrors).toHaveLength(1);
+            expect(validationErrors[0]!.toolName).toBe('test');
+            expect(validationErrors[0]!.arguments).toEqual({ name: 'test', value: 'not a number' });
+            expect(validationErrors[0]!.issues.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+            expect(validationErrors[0]!.issues[0]!.message).toBeDefined();
+        });
+
+        test('should not call onInputValidationError callback on successful validation', async () => {
+            const validationErrors: Array<{ toolName: string; arguments: unknown; issues: Array<{ message: string }> }> = [];
+
+            const mcpServer = new McpServer(
+                { name: 'test server', version: '1.0' },
+                {
+                    onInputValidationError: error => {
+                        validationErrors.push(error);
+                    }
+                }
+            );
+            const client = new Client({
+                name: 'test client',
+                version: '1.0'
+            });
+
+            mcpServer.registerTool(
+                'test',
+                {
+                    inputSchema: z.object({
+                        name: z.string()
+                    })
+                },
+                async ({ name }) => ({
+                    content: [
+                        {
+                            type: 'text',
+                            text: `Hello, ${name}`
+                        }
+                    ]
+                })
+            );
+
+            const [clientTransport, serverTransport] = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+            await Promise.all([client.connect(clientTransport), mcpServer.server.connect(serverTransport)]);
+
+            const result = await client.request({
+                method: 'tools/call',
+                params: {
+                    name: 'test',
+                    arguments: { name: 'world' }
+                }
+            });
+
+            expect(result.isError).toBeUndefined();
+            expect(validationErrors).toHaveLength(0);
+        });
+
+        test('should support async onInputValidationError callback', async () => {
+            let callbackCompleted = false;
+
+            const mcpServer = new McpServer(
+                { name: 'test server', version: '1.0' },
+                {
+                    onInputValidationError: async _error => {
+                        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+                        callbackCompleted = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            );
+            const client = new Client({
+                name: 'test client',
+                version: '1.0'
+            });
+
+            mcpServer.registerTool(
+                'test',
+                {
+                    inputSchema: z.object({
+                        value: z.number()
+                    })
+                },
+                async ({ value }) => ({
+                    content: [{ type: 'text', text: `${value}` }]
+                })
+            );
+
+            const [clientTransport, serverTransport] = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+            await Promise.all([client.connect(clientTransport), mcpServer.server.connect(serverTransport)]);
+
+            await client.request({
+                method: 'tools/call',
+                params: {
+                    name: 'test',
+                    arguments: { value: 'not a number' }
+                }
+            });
+
+            expect(callbackCompleted).toBe(true);
+        });
+
         /***
          * Test: Preventing Duplicate Tool Registration
          */