Bluetooth: hci_core: Fix use-after-free in vhci_flush()

jira VULN-72347
cve CVE-2025-38250
commit-author Kuniyuki Iwashima <[email protected]>
commit 1d61231
upstream-diff Context conflicts resolved in 'hci_unregister_dev()'

syzbot reported use-after-free in vhci_flush() without repro. [0]

From the splat, a thread close()d a vhci file descriptor while
its device was being used by iotcl() on another thread.

Once the last fd refcnt is released, vhci_release() calls
hci_unregister_dev(), hci_free_dev(), and kfree() for struct
vhci_data, which is set to hci_dev->dev->driver_data.

The problem is that there is no synchronisation after unlinking
hdev from hci_dev_list in hci_unregister_dev().  There might be
another thread still accessing the hdev which was fetched before
the unlink operation.

We can use SRCU for such synchronisation.

Let's run hci_dev_reset() under SRCU and wait for its completion
in hci_unregister_dev().

Another option would be to restore hci_dev->destruct(), which was
removed in commit 587ae08 ("Bluetooth: Remove unused
hci-destruct cb").  However, this would not be a good solution, as
we should not run hci_unregister_dev() while there are in-flight
ioctl() requests, which could lead to another data-race KCSAN splat.

Note that other drivers seem to have the same problem, for exmaple,
virtbt_remove().

[0]:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in skb_queue_empty_lockless include/linux/skbuff.h:1891 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in skb_queue_purge_reason+0x99/0x360 net/core/skbuff.c:3937
Read of size 8 at addr ffff88807cb8d858 by task syz.1.219/6718

CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6718 Comm: syz.1.219 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1-syzkaller-00196-g08207f42d3ff #0 PREEMPT(full)
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline]
 print_report+0xd2/0x2b0 mm/kasan/report.c:521
 kasan_report+0x118/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:634
 skb_queue_empty_lockless include/linux/skbuff.h:1891 [inline]
 skb_queue_purge_reason+0x99/0x360 net/core/skbuff.c:3937
 skb_queue_purge include/linux/skbuff.h:3368 [inline]
 vhci_flush+0x44/0x50 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:69
 hci_dev_do_reset net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:552 [inline]
 hci_dev_reset+0x420/0x5c0 net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:592
 sock_do_ioctl+0xd9/0x300 net/socket.c:1190
 sock_ioctl+0x576/0x790 net/socket.c:1311
 vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
 __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:907 [inline]
 __se_sys_ioctl+0xf9/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:893
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fcf5b98e929
Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007fcf5c7b9038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fcf5bbb6160 RCX: 00007fcf5b98e929
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000400448cb RDI: 0000000000000009
RBP: 00007fcf5ba10b39 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fcf5bbb6160 R15: 00007ffd6353d528
 </TASK>

Allocated by task 6535:
 kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]
 kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68
 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline]
 __kasan_kmalloc+0x93/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:394
 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline]
 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x230/0x3d0 mm/slub.c:4359
 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline]
 kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1039 [inline]
 vhci_open+0x57/0x360 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:635
 misc_open+0x2bc/0x330 drivers/char/misc.c:161
 chrdev_open+0x4c9/0x5e0 fs/char_dev.c:414
 do_dentry_open+0xdf0/0x1970 fs/open.c:964
 vfs_open+0x3b/0x340 fs/open.c:1094
 do_open fs/namei.c:3887 [inline]
 path_openat+0x2ee5/0x3830 fs/namei.c:4046
 do_filp_open+0x1fa/0x410 fs/namei.c:4073
 do_sys_openat2+0x121/0x1c0 fs/open.c:1437
 do_sys_open fs/open.c:1452 [inline]
 __do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1468 [inline]
 __se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1463 [inline]
 __x64_sys_openat+0x138/0x170 fs/open.c:1463
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

Freed by task 6535:
 kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]
 kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68
 kasan_save_free_info+0x46/0x50 mm/kasan/generic.c:576
 poison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:247 [inline]
 __kasan_slab_free+0x62/0x70 mm/kasan/common.c:264
 kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:233 [inline]
 slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:2381 [inline]
 slab_free mm/slub.c:4643 [inline]
 kfree+0x18e/0x440 mm/slub.c:4842
 vhci_release+0xbc/0xd0 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:671
 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:465
 task_work_run+0x1d1/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6ad/0x22e0 kernel/exit.c:955
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1104
 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1115 [inline]
 __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1113 [inline]
 __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3f/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1113
 x64_sys_call+0x21ba/0x21c0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88807cb8d800
 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024
The buggy address is located 88 bytes inside of
 freed 1024-byte region [ffff88807cb8d800, ffff88807cb8dc00)

Fixes: bf18c71 ("Bluetooth: vhci: Free driver_data on file release")
	Reported-by: [email protected]
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=f62d64848fc4c7c30cd6
	Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <[email protected]>
	Acked-by: Paul Menzel <[email protected]>
	Signed-off-by: Luiz Augusto von Dentz <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 1d61231)
	Signed-off-by: Marcin Wcisło <[email protected]>

Author: pvts-mat

include/net/bluetooth/hci_core.h

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <linux/idr.h>
 #include <linux/leds.h>
 #include <linux/rculist.h>
+#include <linux/srcu.h>
 
 #include <net/bluetooth/hci.h>
 #include <net/bluetooth/hci_sync.h>
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@ struct amp_assoc {
 
 struct hci_dev {
 	struct list_head list;
+	struct srcu_struct srcu;
 	struct mutex	lock;
 
 	char		name[8];

net/bluetooth/hci_core.c

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static int hci_linkpol_req(struct hci_request *req, unsigned long opt)
 
 /* Get HCI device by index.
  * Device is held on return. */
-struct hci_dev *hci_dev_get(int index)
+static struct hci_dev *__hci_dev_get(int index, int *srcu_index)
 {
 	struct hci_dev *hdev = NULL, *d;
 
@@ -122,13 +122,31 @@ struct hci_dev *hci_dev_get(int index)
 	list_for_each_entry(d, &hci_dev_list, list) {
 		if (d->id == index) {
 			hdev = hci_dev_hold(d);
+			if (srcu_index)
+				*srcu_index = srcu_read_lock(&d->srcu);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 	read_unlock(&hci_dev_list_lock);
 	return hdev;
 }
 
+struct hci_dev *hci_dev_get(int index)
+{
+	return __hci_dev_get(index, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct hci_dev *hci_dev_get_srcu(int index, int *srcu_index)
+{
+	return __hci_dev_get(index, srcu_index);
+}
+
+static void hci_dev_put_srcu(struct hci_dev *hdev, int srcu_index)
+{
+	srcu_read_unlock(&hdev->srcu, srcu_index);
+	hci_dev_put(hdev);
+}
+
 /* ---- Inquiry support ---- */
 
 bool hci_discovery_active(struct hci_dev *hdev)
@@ -639,9 +657,9 @@ static int hci_dev_do_reset(struct hci_dev *hdev)
 int hci_dev_reset(__u16 dev)
 {
 	struct hci_dev *hdev;
-	int err;
+	int err, srcu_index;
 
-	hdev = hci_dev_get(dev);
+	hdev = hci_dev_get_srcu(dev, &srcu_index);
 	if (!hdev)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
@@ -663,7 +681,7 @@ int hci_dev_reset(__u16 dev)
 	err = hci_dev_do_reset(hdev);
 
 done:
-	hci_dev_put(hdev);
+	hci_dev_put_srcu(hdev, srcu_index);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2432,6 +2450,11 @@ struct hci_dev *hci_alloc_dev_priv(int sizeof_priv)
 	if (!hdev)
 		return NULL;
 
+	if (init_srcu_struct(&hdev->srcu)) {
+		kfree(hdev);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	hdev->pkt_type  = (HCI_DM1 | HCI_DH1 | HCI_HV1);
 	hdev->esco_type = (ESCO_HV1);
 	hdev->link_mode = (HCI_LM_ACCEPT);
@@ -2684,6 +2707,9 @@ void hci_unregister_dev(struct hci_dev *hdev)
 	list_del(&hdev->list);
 	write_unlock(&hci_dev_list_lock);
 
+	synchronize_srcu(&hdev->srcu);
+	cleanup_srcu_struct(&hdev->srcu);
+
 	cancel_work_sync(&hdev->power_on);
 
 	hci_cmd_sync_clear(hdev);