diff --git a/.github/workflows/checks.yml b/.github/workflows/checks.yml
index 126a50f..02eb0be 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/checks.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/checks.yml
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
             fail-fast: false
             matrix:
                 php-version: [ '8.1', '8.2', '8.3', '8.4' ]
-                doctrine-version: [ '^2.19', '^3.2' ]
+                doctrine-version: [ '^2.19', '^3' ]
                 dependency-version: [ prefer-lowest, prefer-stable ]
         steps:
             -
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 31d3919..6719de9 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@
     ],
     "require": {
         "php": "^8.1",
+        "doctrine/dbal": "^3.7 || ^4.0",
         "doctrine/orm": "^2.19.7 || ^3.2"
     },
     "require-dev": {
+        "composer/semver": "^3.0",
         "doctrine/collections": "^2.2",
-        "doctrine/dbal": "^3.9 || ^4.0",
         "doctrine/persistence": "^3.3",
         "editorconfig-checker/editorconfig-checker": "^10.6.0",
         "ergebnis/composer-normalize": "^2.42.0",
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@
         "check:dependencies": "composer-dependency-analyser",
         "check:ec": "ec src tests",
         "check:tests": "phpunit tests",
-        "check:types": "phpstan analyse -vvv",
+        "check:types": "phpstan analyse -vv --ansi",
         "fix:cs": "phpcbf"
     }
 }
diff --git a/phpstan.neon.dist b/phpstan.neon.dist
index 0b333e3..054a522 100644
--- a/phpstan.neon.dist
+++ b/phpstan.neon.dist
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ parameters:
     paths:
         - src
         - tests
+    excludePaths:
+        analyse:
+            - tests/Fixtures/Compat
     checkMissingCallableSignature: true
     checkUninitializedProperties: true
     checkTooWideReturnTypesInProtectedAndPublicMethods: true
@@ -29,15 +32,15 @@ parameters:
             identifier: 'identical.alwaysFalse'
             reportUnmatched: false
             path: 'src/EntityPreloader.php'
+        -
+            identifier: shipmonk.defaultMatchArmWithEnum
+            reportUnmatched: false # only new dbal issue
+            path: 'src/EntityPreloader.php'
         -
             message: '#Result of \|\| is always false#'
             identifier: 'booleanOr.alwaysFalse'
             reportUnmatched: false
             path: 'src/EntityPreloader.php'
-        -
-            message: '#has an uninitialized property \$id#'
-            identifier: 'property.uninitialized'
-            path: 'tests/Fixtures/Blog'
         -
             identifier: 'property.onlyWritten'
             path: 'tests/Fixtures/Synthetic'
diff --git a/src/EntityPreloader.php b/src/EntityPreloader.php
index 0d7143e..c9d59ed 100644
--- a/src/EntityPreloader.php
+++ b/src/EntityPreloader.php
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 namespace ShipMonk\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
 use ArrayAccess;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ArrayParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
 use Doctrine\ORM\PersistentCollection;
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ private function loadProxies(
         }
 
         foreach (array_chunk($uninitializedIds, $batchSize) as $idsChunk) {
-            $this->loadEntitiesBy($classMetadata, $identifierName, $idsChunk, $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount);
+            $this->loadEntitiesBy($classMetadata, $identifierName, $classMetadata, $idsChunk, $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount);
         }
 
         return array_values($uniqueEntities);
@@ -270,6 +273,7 @@ private function preloadOneToManyInner(
         $targetEntitiesList = $this->loadEntitiesBy(
             $targetClassMetadata,
             $targetPropertyName,
+            $sourceClassMetadata,
             $uninitializedSourceEntityIdsChunk,
             $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount,
             $associationMapping['orderBy'] ?? [],
@@ -318,12 +322,18 @@ private function preloadManyToManyInner(
         $sourceIdentifierName = $sourceClassMetadata->getSingleIdentifierFieldName();
         $targetIdentifierName = $targetClassMetadata->getSingleIdentifierFieldName();
 
+        $sourceIdentifierType = $this->getIdentifierFieldType($sourceClassMetadata);
+
         $manyToManyRows = $this->entityManager->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select("source.{$sourceIdentifierName} AS sourceId", "target.{$targetIdentifierName} AS targetId")
             ->from($sourceClassMetadata->getName(), 'source')
             ->join("source.{$sourcePropertyName}", 'target')
             ->andWhere('source IN (:sourceEntityIds)')
-            ->setParameter('sourceEntityIds', $uninitializedSourceEntityIdsChunk)
+            ->setParameter(
+                'sourceEntityIds',
+                $this->convertFieldValuesToDatabaseValues($sourceIdentifierType, $uninitializedSourceEntityIdsChunk),
+                $this->deduceArrayParameterType($sourceIdentifierType),
+            )
             ->getQuery()
             ->getResult();
 
@@ -345,7 +355,7 @@ private function preloadManyToManyInner(
             $uninitializedTargetEntityIds[$targetEntityKey] = $targetEntityId;
         }
 
-        foreach ($this->loadEntitiesBy($targetClassMetadata, $targetIdentifierName, array_values($uninitializedTargetEntityIds), $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount) as $targetEntity) {
+        foreach ($this->loadEntitiesBy($targetClassMetadata, $targetIdentifierName, $sourceClassMetadata, array_values($uninitializedTargetEntityIds), $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount) as $targetEntity) {
             $targetEntityKey = (string) $targetIdentifierReflection->getValue($targetEntity);
             $targetEntities[$targetEntityKey] = $targetEntity;
         }
@@ -404,15 +414,18 @@ private function preloadToOne(
     /**
      * @param ClassMetadata<T> $targetClassMetadata
      * @param list<mixed> $fieldValues
+     * @param ClassMetadata<R> $referencedClassMetadata
      * @param non-negative-int $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount
      * @param array<string, 'asc'|'desc'> $orderBy
      * @return list<T>
      *
      * @template T of E
+     * @template R of E
      */
     private function loadEntitiesBy(
         ClassMetadata $targetClassMetadata,
         string $fieldName,
+        ClassMetadata $referencedClassMetadata,
         array $fieldValues,
         int $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount,
         array $orderBy = [],
@@ -422,13 +435,18 @@ private function loadEntitiesBy(
             return [];
         }
 
+        $referencedType = $this->getIdentifierFieldType($referencedClassMetadata);
         $rootLevelAlias = 'e';
 
         $queryBuilder = $this->entityManager->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select($rootLevelAlias)
             ->from($targetClassMetadata->getName(), $rootLevelAlias)
             ->andWhere("{$rootLevelAlias}.{$fieldName} IN (:fieldValues)")
-            ->setParameter('fieldValues', $fieldValues);
+            ->setParameter(
+                'fieldValues',
+                $this->convertFieldValuesToDatabaseValues($referencedType, $fieldValues),
+                $this->deduceArrayParameterType($referencedType),
+            );
 
         $this->addFetchJoinsToPreventFetchDuringHydration($rootLevelAlias, $queryBuilder, $targetClassMetadata, $maxFetchJoinSameFieldCount);
 
@@ -439,6 +457,54 @@ private function loadEntitiesBy(
         return $queryBuilder->getQuery()->getResult();
     }
 
+    private function deduceArrayParameterType(Type $dbalType): ArrayParameterType|int|null // @phpstan-ignore return.unusedType (old dbal compat)
+    {
+        return match ($dbalType->getBindingType()) {
+            ParameterType::INTEGER => ArrayParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::STRING => ArrayParameterType::STRING,
+            ParameterType::ASCII => ArrayParameterType::ASCII,
+            ParameterType::BINARY => ArrayParameterType::BINARY,
+            default => null,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<mixed> $fieldValues
+     * @return list<mixed>
+     */
+    private function convertFieldValuesToDatabaseValues(
+        Type $dbalType,
+        array $fieldValues,
+    ): array
+    {
+        $connection = $this->entityManager->getConnection();
+        $platform = $connection->getDatabasePlatform();
+
+        $convertedValues = [];
+        foreach ($fieldValues as $value) {
+            $convertedValues[] = $dbalType->convertToDatabaseValue($value, $platform);
+        }
+
+        return $convertedValues;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ClassMetadata<C> $classMetadata
+     *
+     * @template C of E
+     */
+    private function getIdentifierFieldType(ClassMetadata $classMetadata): Type
+    {
+        $identifierName = $classMetadata->getSingleIdentifierFieldName();
+        $sourceIdTypeName = $classMetadata->getTypeOfField($identifierName);
+
+        if ($sourceIdTypeName === null) {
+            throw new LogicException("Identifier field '{$identifierName}' for class '{$classMetadata->getName()}' has unknown field type.");
+        }
+
+        return Type::getType($sourceIdTypeName);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param ClassMetadata<S> $sourceClassMetadata
      * @param array<string, array<string, int>> $alreadyPreloadedJoins
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyInversedTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyInversedTest.php
index 0d72ab7..e6f48e7 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyInversedTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyInversedTest.php
@@ -2,16 +2,19 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Tag;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
 
 class EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyInversedTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testManyHasManyInversedUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyInversedUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $tags = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Tag::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -23,9 +26,10 @@ public function testManyHasManyInversedUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasManyInversedWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyInversedWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $tags = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('tag', 'article')
@@ -41,9 +45,10 @@ public function testManyHasManyInversedWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasManyInversedWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyInversedWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         // for eagerly loaded Many-To-Many associations one query has to be made for each collection
         // https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.2/reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading
@@ -62,9 +67,10 @@ public function testManyHasManyInversedWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasManyInversedWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyInversedWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $tags = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Tag::class)->findAll();
         $this->getEntityPreloader()->preload($tags, 'articles');
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyTest.php
index 34f82dc..0869ca9 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyTest.php
@@ -2,16 +2,20 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Article;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
+use function array_map;
 
 class EntityPreloadBlogManyHasManyTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testManyHasManyUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -23,19 +27,25 @@ public function testManyHasManyUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
         $this->skipIfPartialEntitiesAreNotSupported();
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
+        $platform = $this->getEntityManager()->getConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
+        $rawArticleIds = array_map(
+            static fn (Article $article) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($article->getId(), $platform),
+            $articles,
+        );
 
         $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('PARTIAL article.{id}', 'tag')
             ->from(Article::class, 'article')
             ->leftJoin('article.tags', 'tag')
             ->where('article IN (:articles)')
-            ->setParameter('articles', $articles)
+            ->setParameter('articles', $rawArticleIds, $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
             ->getQuery()
             ->getResult();
 
@@ -47,9 +57,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasManyWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article', 'tag')
@@ -65,9 +76,10 @@ public function testManyHasManyWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasManyWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         // for eagerly loaded Many-To-Many associations one query has to be made for each collection
         // https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.2/reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading
@@ -86,9 +98,10 @@ public function testManyHasManyWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasManyWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasManyWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, tagForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
         $this->getEntityPreloader()->preload($articles, 'tags');
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneDeepTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneDeepTest.php
index 34733eb..9762b16 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneDeepTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneDeepTest.php
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Article;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Category;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
@@ -15,9 +17,10 @@
 class EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneDeepTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testManyHasOneDeepUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneDeepUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -29,33 +32,35 @@ public function testManyHasOneDeepUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithManualPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithManualPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
+        $platform = $this->getEntityManager()->getConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
 
-        $categoryIds = array_map(static fn (Article $article) => $article->getCategory()?->getId(), $articles);
-        $categoryIds = array_filter($categoryIds, static fn (?int $id) => $id !== null);
+        $categoryIds = array_map(static fn (Article $article) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($article->getCategory()?->getId(), $platform), $articles);
+        $categoryIds = array_filter($categoryIds, static fn (?string $id) => $id !== null);
 
         if (count($categoryIds) > 0) {
             $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
                 ->select('category')
                 ->from(Category::class, 'category')
                 ->where('category.id IN (:ids)')
-                ->setParameter('ids', array_values(array_unique($categoryIds)))
+                ->setParameter('ids', array_values(array_unique($categoryIds)), $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
                 ->getQuery()
                 ->getResult();
 
-            $parentCategoryIds = array_map(static fn (Category $category) => $category->getParent()?->getId(), $categories);
-            $parentCategoryIds = array_filter($parentCategoryIds, static fn (?int $id) => $id !== null);
+            $parentCategoryIds = array_map(static fn (Category $category) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($category->getParent()?->getId(), $platform), $categories);
+            $parentCategoryIds = array_filter($parentCategoryIds, static fn (?string $id) => $id !== null);
 
             if (count($parentCategoryIds) > 0) {
                 $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
                     ->select('category')
                     ->from(Category::class, 'category')
                     ->where('category.id IN (:ids)')
-                    ->setParameter('ids', array_values(array_unique($parentCategoryIds)))
+                    ->setParameter('ids', array_values(array_unique($parentCategoryIds)), $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
                     ->getQuery()
                     ->getResult();
             }
@@ -69,9 +74,10 @@ public function testManyHasOneDeepWithManualPreload(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article', 'category', 'parentCategory')
@@ -88,9 +94,12 @@ public function testManyHasOneDeepWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenUnhandledMatchCase();
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenEagerFetch($primaryKey);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article')
@@ -109,9 +118,10 @@ public function testManyHasOneDeepWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneDeepWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, categoryParentsCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
         $categories = $this->getEntityPreloader()->preload($articles, 'category');
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneTest.php
index 8ce7ff9..1e0082d 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneTest.php
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Article;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Category;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
@@ -15,9 +17,10 @@
 class EntityPreloadBlogManyHasOneTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testManyHasOneUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -29,21 +32,23 @@ public function testManyHasOneUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneWithManualPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneWithManualPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
+        $platform = $this->getEntityManager()->getConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
 
-        $categoryIds = array_map(static fn (Article $article) => $article->getCategory()?->getId(), $articles);
-        $categoryIds = array_filter($categoryIds, static fn (?int $id) => $id !== null);
+        $categoryIds = array_map(static fn (Article $article) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($article->getCategory()?->getId(), $platform), $articles);
+        $categoryIds = array_filter($categoryIds, static fn (?string $id) => $id !== null);
 
         if (count($categoryIds) > 0) {
             $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
                 ->select('category')
                 ->from(Category::class, 'category')
                 ->where('category.id IN (:ids)')
-                ->setParameter('ids', array_values(array_unique($categoryIds)))
+                ->setParameter('ids', array_values(array_unique($categoryIds)), $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
                 ->getQuery()
                 ->getResult();
         }
@@ -56,9 +61,10 @@ public function testManyHasOneWithManualPreload(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article', 'category')
@@ -74,9 +80,12 @@ public function testManyHasOneWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenUnhandledMatchCase();
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenEagerFetch($primaryKey);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article')
@@ -93,9 +102,10 @@ public function testManyHasOneWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testManyHasOneWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testManyHasOneWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
         $this->getEntityPreloader()->preload($articles, 'category');
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyAbstractTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyAbstractTest.php
index f048377..f1486d7 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyAbstractTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyAbstractTest.php
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Article;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Comment;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
@@ -10,9 +12,10 @@
 class EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyAbstractTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testOneHasManyAbstractUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyAbstractUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -25,9 +28,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyAbstractUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article', 'comment', 'author')
@@ -44,9 +48,12 @@ public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenUnhandledMatchCase();
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenEagerFetch($primaryKey);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('article')
@@ -65,9 +72,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyAbstractWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 1, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5, commentForEachArticleCount: 5);
 
         $articles = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Article::class)->findAll();
         $this->getEntityPreloader()->preload($articles, 'comments');
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyDeepTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyDeepTest.php
index 8fda67a..72dcac5 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyDeepTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyDeepTest.php
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Category;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
 use function array_map;
@@ -11,9 +13,10 @@
 class EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyDeepTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testOneHasManyDeepUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyDeepUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createCategoryTree(depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
+        $this->createCategoryTree($primaryKey, depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
 
         $rootCategories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category')
@@ -30,10 +33,11 @@ public function testOneHasManyDeepUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
         $this->skipIfPartialEntitiesAreNotSupported();
-        $this->createCategoryTree(depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
+        $this->createCategoryTree($primaryKey, depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
 
         $rootCategories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category')
@@ -42,22 +46,27 @@ public function testOneHasManyDeepWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
             ->getQuery()
             ->getResult();
 
+        $platform = $this->getEntityManager()->getConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
+        $rawRootCategoryIds = array_map(static fn (Category $category) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($category->getId(), $platform), $rootCategories);
+
         $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('PARTIAL category.{id}', 'subCategory')
             ->from(Category::class, 'category')
             ->leftJoin('category.children', 'subCategory')
             ->where('category IN (:categories)')
-            ->setParameter('categories', $rootCategories)
+            ->setParameter('categories', $rawRootCategoryIds, $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
             ->getQuery()
             ->getResult();
 
         $subCategories = array_merge(...array_map(static fn (Category $category) => $category->getChildren()->toArray(), $rootCategories));
+        $rawSubCategoryIds = array_map(static fn (Category $category) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($category->getId(), $platform), $subCategories);
+
         $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('PARTIAL subCategory.{id}', 'subSubCategory')
             ->from(Category::class, 'subCategory')
             ->leftJoin('subCategory.children', 'subSubCategory')
             ->where('subCategory IN (:subCategories)')
-            ->setParameter('subCategories', $subCategories)
+            ->setParameter('subCategories', $rawSubCategoryIds, $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
             ->getQuery()
             ->getResult();
 
@@ -70,9 +79,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyDeepWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createCategoryTree(depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
+        $this->createCategoryTree($primaryKey, depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
 
         $rootCategories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category', 'subCategories', 'subSubCategories')
@@ -90,9 +100,12 @@ public function testOneHasManyDeepWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createCategoryTree(depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenUnhandledMatchCase();
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenEagerFetch($primaryKey);
+        $this->createCategoryTree($primaryKey, depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
 
         $rootCategories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category')
@@ -111,9 +124,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyDeepWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyDeepWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createCategoryTree(depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
+        $this->createCategoryTree($primaryKey, depth: 5, branchingFactor: 5);
 
         $rootCategories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category')
@@ -135,17 +149,20 @@ public function testOneHasManyDeepWithPreload(): void
     }
 
     private function createCategoryTree(
+        DbalType $primaryKey,
         int $depth,
         int $branchingFactor,
         ?Category $parent = null,
     ): void
     {
+        $this->initializeEntityManager($primaryKey, $this->getQueryLogger());
+
         for ($i = 0; $i < $branchingFactor; $i++) {
             $category = new Category("Category $depth-$i", $parent);
             $this->getEntityManager()->persist($category);
 
             if ($depth > 1) {
-                $this->createCategoryTree($depth - 1, $branchingFactor, $category);
+                $this->createCategoryTree($primaryKey, $depth - 1, $branchingFactor, $category);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyTest.php
index f28aa60..ac02ffd 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyTest.php
@@ -2,17 +2,21 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Article;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Category;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib\TestCase;
+use function array_map;
 
 class EntityPreloadBlogOneHasManyTest extends TestCase
 {
 
-    public function testOneHasManyUnoptimized(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyUnoptimized(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Category::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -24,9 +28,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyUnoptimized(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Category::class)->findAll();
 
@@ -47,19 +52,25 @@ public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreload(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
         $this->skipIfPartialEntitiesAreNotSupported();
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Category::class)->findAll();
+        $platform = $this->getEntityManager()->getConnection()->getDatabasePlatform();
+        $rawCategoryIds = array_map(
+            static fn (Category $category) => $primaryKey->convertToDatabaseValue($category->getId(), $platform),
+            $categories,
+        );
 
         $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('PARTIAL category.{id}', 'article')
             ->from(Category::class, 'category')
             ->leftJoin('category.articles', 'article')
             ->where('category IN (:categories)')
-            ->setParameter('categories', $categories)
+            ->setParameter('categories', $rawCategoryIds, $this->deduceArrayParameterType($primaryKey))
             ->getQuery()
             ->getResult();
 
@@ -71,9 +82,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyWithWithManualPreloadUsingPartial(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyWithFetchJoin(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyWithFetchJoin(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category', 'article')
@@ -89,9 +101,12 @@ public function testOneHasManyWithFetchJoin(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyWithEagerFetchMode(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyWithEagerFetchMode(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenUnhandledMatchCase();
+        $this->skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenEagerFetch($primaryKey); // here the test it green, but emits PHP warning
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->createQueryBuilder()
             ->select('category')
@@ -108,9 +123,10 @@ public function testOneHasManyWithEagerFetchMode(): void
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function testOneHasManyWithPreload(): void
+    #[DataProvider('providePrimaryKeyTypes')]
+    public function testOneHasManyWithPreload(DbalType $primaryKey): void
     {
-        $this->createDummyBlogData(categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
+        $this->createDummyBlogData($primaryKey, categoryCount: 5, articleInEachCategoryCount: 5);
 
         $categories = $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository(Category::class)->findAll();
         $this->getEntityPreloader()->preload($categories, 'articles');
diff --git a/tests/EntityPreloadSyntheticTest.php b/tests/EntityPreloadSyntheticTest.php
index 82a1ab3..13192a4 100644
--- a/tests/EntityPreloadSyntheticTest.php
+++ b/tests/EntityPreloadSyntheticTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\IntegerType;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 use ShipMonk\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Exception\LogicException;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Synthetic\AbstractEntityWithNoRelations;
@@ -33,6 +34,13 @@
 class EntityPreloadSyntheticTest extends TestCase
 {
 
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        $this->initializeEntityManager(new IntegerType(), $this->getQueryLogger());
+    }
+
     public function testManyToOne(): void
     {
         $entityWithNoRelations = $this->givenEntityWithNoRelations();
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Article.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Article.php
index 88626a0..767ea7d 100644
--- a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Article.php
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Article.php
@@ -7,22 +7,15 @@
 use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ReadableCollection;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Entity;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ManyToMany;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ManyToOne;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\OneToMany;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\OrderBy;
 
 #[Entity]
-class Article
+class Article extends TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
 {
 
-    #[Id]
-    #[Column]
-    #[GeneratedValue]
-    private int $id;
-
     #[Column]
     private string $title;
 
@@ -51,6 +44,7 @@ public function __construct(
         ?Category $category = null,
     )
     {
+        parent::__construct();
         $this->title = $title;
         $this->content = $content;
         $this->category = $category;
@@ -60,11 +54,6 @@ public function __construct(
         $category?->addArticle($this);
     }
 
-    public function getId(): int
-    {
-        return $this->id;
-    }
-
     public function getTitle(): string
     {
         return $this->title;
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/BotPromptVersion.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/BotPromptVersion.php
index 22cdc6b..8dd277c 100644
--- a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/BotPromptVersion.php
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/BotPromptVersion.php
@@ -4,19 +4,12 @@
 
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Entity;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\OneToOne;
 
 #[Entity]
-class BotPromptVersion
+class BotPromptVersion extends TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
 {
 
-    #[Id]
-    #[Column]
-    #[GeneratedValue]
-    private int $id;
-
     #[Column]
     private int $version;
 
@@ -34,6 +27,7 @@ public function __construct(
         ?self $prevScript = null,
     )
     {
+        parent::__construct();
         $this->version = ($prevScript->version ?? 0) + 1;
         $this->prompt = $prompt;
         $this->prevVersion = $prevScript;
@@ -44,11 +38,6 @@ public function __construct(
         }
     }
 
-    public function getId(): int
-    {
-        return $this->id;
-    }
-
     public function getVersion(): int
     {
         return $this->version;
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Category.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Category.php
index 0316615..0df7ec7 100644
--- a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Category.php
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Category.php
@@ -7,20 +7,13 @@
 use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ReadableCollection;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Entity;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ManyToOne;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\OneToMany;
 
 #[Entity]
-class Category
+class Category extends TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
 {
 
-    #[Id]
-    #[Column]
-    #[GeneratedValue]
-    private int $id;
-
     #[Column]
     private string $name;
 
@@ -44,6 +37,7 @@ public function __construct(
         ?self $parent = null,
     )
     {
+        parent::__construct();
         $this->name = $name;
         $this->parent = $parent;
         $this->children = new ArrayCollection();
@@ -52,11 +46,6 @@ public function __construct(
         $parent?->addChild($this);
     }
 
-    public function getId(): int
-    {
-        return $this->id;
-    }
-
     public function getName(): string
     {
         return $this->name;
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Comment.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Comment.php
index 8ae603b..246ceab 100644
--- a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Comment.php
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Comment.php
@@ -4,19 +4,12 @@
 
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Entity;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ManyToOne;
 
 #[Entity]
-class Comment
+class Comment extends TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
 {
 
-    #[Id]
-    #[Column]
-    #[GeneratedValue]
-    private int $id;
-
     #[ManyToOne(targetEntity: Article::class, inversedBy: 'comments')]
     private Article $article;
 
@@ -32,6 +25,7 @@ public function __construct(
         string $content,
     )
     {
+        parent::__construct();
         $this->article = $article;
         $this->author = $author;
         $this->content = $content;
@@ -40,11 +34,6 @@ public function __construct(
         $author->addComment($this);
     }
 
-    public function getId(): int
-    {
-        return $this->id;
-    }
-
     public function getArticle(): Article
     {
         return $this->article;
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Contributor.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Contributor.php
index 66dfc30..da1d227 100644
--- a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Contributor.php
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Contributor.php
@@ -7,22 +7,15 @@
 use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ReadableCollection;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Entity;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\InheritanceType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\OneToMany;
 use LogicException;
 
 #[Entity]
 #[InheritanceType('SINGLE_TABLE')]
-abstract class Contributor
+abstract class Contributor extends TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
 {
 
-    #[Id]
-    #[Column]
-    #[GeneratedValue]
-    private int $id;
-
     #[Column]
     private string $name;
 
@@ -34,15 +27,11 @@ abstract class Contributor
 
     public function __construct(string $name)
     {
+        parent::__construct();
         $this->name = $name;
         $this->comments = new ArrayCollection();
     }
 
-    public function getId(): int
-    {
-        return $this->id;
-    }
-
     public function getName(): string
     {
         return $this->name;
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/PrimaryKey.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/PrimaryKey.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..210d934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/PrimaryKey.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog;
+
+use function base64_encode;
+use function random_int;
+
+class PrimaryKey
+{
+
+    public const DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME = 'primary_key';
+    public const LENGTH_BYTES = 4;
+
+    private int $data;
+
+    public function __construct(int $data)
+    {
+        $this->data = $data;
+    }
+
+    public static function new(): self
+    {
+        $bits = self::LENGTH_BYTES * 8;
+        $maxValue = (1 << $bits) - 1;
+
+        return new self(random_int(0, $maxValue));
+    }
+
+    public function getData(): int
+    {
+        return $this->data;
+    }
+
+    public function __toString(): string
+    {
+        return base64_encode((string) $this->data); // intentionally not matching any internal PK representation
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Tag.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Tag.php
index 62264ad..945547a 100644
--- a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Tag.php
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Tag.php
@@ -7,19 +7,12 @@
 use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ReadableCollection;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Entity;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\GeneratedValue;
-use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ManyToMany;
 
 #[Entity]
-class Tag
+class Tag extends TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
 {
 
-    #[Id]
-    #[Column]
-    #[GeneratedValue]
-    private int $id;
-
     #[Column]
     private string $label;
 
@@ -31,15 +24,11 @@ class Tag
 
     public function __construct(string $label)
     {
+        parent::__construct();
         $this->label = $label;
         $this->articles = new ArrayCollection();
     }
 
-    public function getId(): int
-    {
-        return $this->id;
-    }
-
     public function getLabel(): string
     {
         return $this->label;
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43270a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog;
+
+use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Column;
+use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Id;
+use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\MappedSuperclass;
+
+#[MappedSuperclass]
+abstract class TestEntityWithCustomPrimaryKey
+{
+
+    #[Id]
+    #[Column(type: PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME, nullable: false)]
+    private PrimaryKey $id;
+
+    protected function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->id = PrimaryKey::new();
+    }
+
+    public function getId(): PrimaryKey
+    {
+        return $this->id;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyBase64StringType.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyBase64StringType.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2484dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyBase64StringType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use LogicException;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\PrimaryKey;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Compat\CompatibilityType;
+use function base64_decode;
+use function base64_encode;
+use function get_debug_type;
+use function is_string;
+
+/**
+ * This type exists only to have SOME working version of tests that are failing due to ORM bug https://github.com/doctrine/orm/pull/12130
+ * - the key feature here is that convertToDatabaseValue return value equals to PrimaryKey::__toString()
+ */
+final class PrimaryKeyBase64StringType extends Type
+{
+
+    use CompatibilityType;
+
+    public function convertToPHPValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?PrimaryKey
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_string($value)) {
+            return new PrimaryKey((int) base64_decode($value, true));
+        }
+
+        throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . get_debug_type($value));
+    }
+
+    public function convertToDatabaseValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?string
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+
+        } elseif ($value instanceof PrimaryKey) {
+            return base64_encode((string) $value->getData());
+
+        } else {
+            throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(
+        array $column,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): string
+    {
+        return $platform->getStringTypeDeclarationSQL([]);
+    }
+
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function doGetBindingType(): ParameterType|int // @phpstan-ignore return.unusedType (old dbal compat)
+    {
+        return ParameterType::STRING;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyBinaryType.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyBinaryType.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b43e9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyBinaryType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use LogicException;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\PrimaryKey;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Compat\CompatibilityType;
+use function get_debug_type;
+use function is_string;
+use function pack;
+use function unpack;
+
+final class PrimaryKeyBinaryType extends Type
+{
+
+    use CompatibilityType;
+
+    public function convertToPHPValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?PrimaryKey
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_string($value)) {
+            return new PrimaryKey(unpack('N', $value)[1]); // @phpstan-ignore offsetAccess.nonOffsetAccessible
+        }
+
+        throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . get_debug_type($value));
+    }
+
+    public function convertToDatabaseValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?string
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+
+        } elseif ($value instanceof PrimaryKey) {
+            return pack('N', $value->getData());
+
+        } else {
+            throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(
+        array $column,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): string
+    {
+        return $platform->getBinaryTypeDeclarationSQL([
+            'length' => PrimaryKey::LENGTH_BYTES,
+            'fixed' => true,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function doGetBindingType(): ParameterType|int // @phpstan-ignore return.unusedType (old dbal compat)
+    {
+        return ParameterType::BINARY;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyIntegerType.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyIntegerType.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e89eea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyIntegerType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use LogicException;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\PrimaryKey;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Compat\CompatibilityType;
+use function get_debug_type;
+use function is_int;
+
+final class PrimaryKeyIntegerType extends Type
+{
+
+    use CompatibilityType;
+
+    public function convertToPHPValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?PrimaryKey
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_int($value)) {
+            return new PrimaryKey($value);
+        }
+
+        throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . get_debug_type($value));
+    }
+
+    public function convertToDatabaseValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?int
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+
+        } elseif ($value instanceof PrimaryKey) {
+            return $value->getData();
+
+        } else {
+            throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(
+        array $column,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): string
+    {
+        return $platform->getIntegerTypeDeclarationSQL([
+            'unsigned' => true,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function doGetBindingType(): ParameterType|int // @phpstan-ignore return.unusedType (old dbal compat)
+    {
+        return ParameterType::INTEGER;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyStringType.php b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyStringType.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11b75db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Blog/Type/PrimaryKeyStringType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use LogicException;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\PrimaryKey;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Compat\CompatibilityType;
+use function get_debug_type;
+use function is_string;
+
+final class PrimaryKeyStringType extends Type
+{
+
+    use CompatibilityType;
+
+    public function convertToPHPValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?PrimaryKey
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_string($value)) {
+            return new PrimaryKey((int) $value);
+        }
+
+        throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . get_debug_type($value));
+    }
+
+    public function convertToDatabaseValue(
+        mixed $value,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): ?string
+    {
+        if ($value === null) {
+            return null;
+
+        } elseif ($value instanceof PrimaryKey) {
+            return (string) $value->getData();
+
+        } else {
+            throw new LogicException('Unexpected value: ' . $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(
+        array $column,
+        AbstractPlatform $platform,
+    ): string
+    {
+        return $platform->getStringTypeDeclarationSQL([]);
+    }
+
+    public function getName(): string
+    {
+        return PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME;
+    }
+
+    public function doGetBindingType(): ParameterType|int // @phpstan-ignore return.unusedType (old dbal compat)
+    {
+        return ParameterType::STRING;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/Compat/CompatibilityType.php b/tests/Fixtures/Compat/CompatibilityType.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed591d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/Compat/CompatibilityType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Compat;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use function enum_exists;
+
+// phpcs:disable Generic.Classes.DuplicateClassName.Found
+// phpcs:disable Generic.Files.OneTraitPerFile.MultipleFound
+
+if (!enum_exists(ParameterType::class)) {
+    trait CompatibilityType
+    {
+
+        public function getBindingType(): int
+        {
+            return $this->doGetBindingType();
+        }
+
+        private function doGetBindingType(): int|ParameterType
+        {
+            return parent::getBindingType();
+        }
+
+    }
+} else {
+    trait CompatibilityType
+    {
+
+        public function getBindingType(): ParameterType
+        {
+            return $this->doGetBindingType();
+        }
+
+        private function doGetBindingType(): int|ParameterType
+        {
+            return parent::getBindingType();
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Lib/TestCase.php b/tests/Lib/TestCase.php
index 8d9ee48..df0c3c1 100644
--- a/tests/Lib/TestCase.php
+++ b/tests/Lib/TestCase.php
@@ -3,8 +3,13 @@
 namespace ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Lib;
 
 use Composer\InstalledVersions;
+use Composer\Semver\VersionParser;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ArrayParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\Middleware;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type as DbalType;
 use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager;
 use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;
 use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\UnderscoreNamingStrategy;
@@ -20,7 +25,12 @@
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Bot;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Category;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Comment;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\PrimaryKey;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Tag;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type\PrimaryKeyBase64StringType;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type\PrimaryKeyBinaryType;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type\PrimaryKeyIntegerType;
+use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\Type\PrimaryKeyStringType;
 use ShipMonkTests\DoctrineEntityPreloader\Fixtures\Blog\User;
 use Throwable;
 use function unlink;
@@ -38,6 +48,17 @@ abstract class TestCase extends PhpUnitTestCase
      */
     private ?EntityPreloader $entityPreloader = null;
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{DbalType}>
+     */
+    public static function providePrimaryKeyTypes(): iterable
+    {
+        yield 'binary' => [new PrimaryKeyBinaryType()];
+        yield 'string' => [new PrimaryKeyStringType()];
+        yield 'integer' => [new PrimaryKeyIntegerType()];
+        yield 'base64string' => [new PrimaryKeyBase64StringType()];
+    }
+
     protected function setUp(): void
     {
         parent::setUp();
@@ -91,6 +112,7 @@ protected function assertAggregatedQueries(
     }
 
     protected function createDummyBlogData(
+        DbalType $dbalType,
         int $categoryCount = 1,
         int $categoryParentsCount = 0,
         int $articleInEachCategoryCount = 1,
@@ -99,6 +121,7 @@ protected function createDummyBlogData(
         int $promptChangeCount = 0,
     ): void
     {
+        $this->initializeEntityManager($dbalType, $this->getQueryLogger());
         $entityManager = $this->getEntityManager();
 
         for ($h = 0; $h < $categoryCount; $h++) {
@@ -185,15 +208,6 @@ protected function refreshExistingEntity(object $entity): object
         return $freshEntity;
     }
 
-    protected function skipIfPartialEntitiesAreNotSupported(): void
-    {
-        $ormVersion = InstalledVersions::getVersion('doctrine/orm') ?? '0.0.0';
-
-        if (version_compare($ormVersion, '3.0.0', '>=') && version_compare($ormVersion, '3.3.0', '<')) {
-            self::markTestSkipped('Partial entities are not supported in Doctrine ORM versions 3.0 to 3.2');
-        }
-    }
-
     protected function getQueryLogger(): QueryLogger
     {
         return $this->queryLogger ??= $this->createQueryLogger();
@@ -201,7 +215,10 @@ protected function getQueryLogger(): QueryLogger
 
     protected function getEntityManager(): EntityManagerInterface
     {
-        return $this->entityManager ??= $this->createEntityManager($this->getQueryLogger());
+        if ($this->entityManager === null) {
+            throw new LogicException('EntityManager is not initialized. Call createEntityManager() with DbalType before using it.');
+        }
+        return $this->entityManager;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -218,6 +235,7 @@ private function createQueryLogger(): QueryLogger
     }
 
     private function createEntityManager(
+        DbalType $primaryKey,
         LoggerInterface $logger,
         bool $inMemory = true,
     ): EntityManagerInterface
@@ -238,6 +256,12 @@ private function createEntityManager(
         $connection = DriverManager::getConnection(['driver' => 'pdo_sqlite'] + $driverOptions, $config);
         $entityManager = new EntityManager($connection, $config);
 
+        if (DbalType::hasType(PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME)) {
+            DbalType::overrideType(PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME, $primaryKey::class);
+        } else {
+            DbalType::addType(PrimaryKey::DOCTRINE_TYPE_NAME, $primaryKey::class);
+        }
+
         $schemaTool = new SchemaTool($entityManager);
         $schemaTool->createSchema($entityManager->getMetadataFactory()->getAllMetadata());
 
@@ -255,4 +279,52 @@ private function createEntityPreloader(EntityManagerInterface $entityManager): E
         return new EntityPreloader($entityManager);
     }
 
+    protected function skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenUnhandledMatchCase(): void
+    {
+        if (!InstalledVersions::satisfies(new VersionParser(), 'doctrine/orm', '^3.5.1')) {
+            self::markTestSkipped('Unable to run test due to https://github.com/doctrine/orm/pull/12062');
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function skipIfDoctrineOrmHasBrokenEagerFetch(DbalType $primaryKey): void
+    {
+        if (!$primaryKey instanceof PrimaryKeyBase64StringType) {
+            self::markTestSkipped('Unable to run test due to https://github.com/doctrine/orm/pull/12130');
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function skipIfPartialEntitiesAreNotSupported(): void
+    {
+        $ormVersion = InstalledVersions::getVersion('doctrine/orm') ?? '0.0.0';
+
+        if (version_compare($ormVersion, '3.0.0', '>=') && version_compare($ormVersion, '3.3.0', '<')) {
+            self::markTestSkipped('Partial entities are not supported in Doctrine ORM versions 3.0 to 3.2');
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function initializeEntityManager(
+        DbalType $primaryKey,
+        QueryLogger $queryLogger,
+    ): void
+    {
+        if ($this->entityManager === null) {
+            $this->entityManager = $this->createEntityManager($primaryKey, $queryLogger);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function deduceArrayParameterType(Type $dbalType): ArrayParameterType|int
+    {
+        if ($dbalType->getBindingType() === ParameterType::INTEGER) {
+            return ArrayParameterType::INTEGER;
+        } elseif ($dbalType->getBindingType() === ParameterType::STRING) {
+            return ArrayParameterType::STRING;
+        } elseif ($dbalType->getBindingType() === ParameterType::ASCII) {
+            return ArrayParameterType::ASCII;
+        } elseif ($dbalType->getBindingType() === ParameterType::BINARY) {
+            return ArrayParameterType::BINARY;
+        } else {
+            throw new LogicException('Unexpected binding type.');
+        }
+    }
+
 }