From 929a20d066925153f35cb377217682f7c871433b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 15:39:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] added name to README.md and completed 00_hello

---
 00_hello/.rspec              |  2 +
 00_hello/hello.rb            |  7 +++
 00_hello/spec/spec_helper.rb | 89 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 README.md                    |  2 +
 4 files changed, 100 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 00_hello/.rspec
 create mode 100644 00_hello/hello.rb
 create mode 100644 00_hello/spec/spec_helper.rb

diff --git a/00_hello/.rspec b/00_hello/.rspec
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83e16f804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/00_hello/.rspec
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+--color
+--require spec_helper
diff --git a/00_hello/hello.rb b/00_hello/hello.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9374e7b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/00_hello/hello.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def hello 
+	"Hello!"
+end
+
+def greet(name)
+	"Hello, " + name + "!"
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/00_hello/spec/spec_helper.rb b/00_hello/spec/spec_helper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..607474b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/00_hello/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# This file was generated by the `rspec --init` command. Conventionally, all
+# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
+# The generated `.rspec` file contains `--require spec_helper` which will cause this
+# file to always be loaded, without a need to explicitly require it in any files.
+#
+# Given that it is always loaded, you are encouraged to keep this file as
+# light-weight as possible. Requiring heavyweight dependencies from this file
+# will add to the boot time of your test suite on EVERY test run, even for an
+# individual file that may not need all of that loaded. Instead, consider making
+# a separate helper file that requires the additional dependencies and performs
+# the additional setup, and require it from the spec files that actually need it.
+#
+# The `.rspec` file also contains a few flags that are not defaults but that
+# users commonly want.
+#
+# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  # rspec-expectations config goes here. You can use an alternate
+  # assertion/expectation library such as wrong or the stdlib/minitest
+  # assertions if you prefer.
+  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
+    # This option will default to `true` in RSpec 4. It makes the `description`
+    # and `failure_message` of custom matchers include text for helper methods
+    # defined using `chain`, e.g.:
+    # be_bigger_than(2).and_smaller_than(4).description
+    #   # => "be bigger than 2 and smaller than 4"
+    # ...rather than:
+    #   # => "be bigger than 2"
+    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
+  end
+
+  # rspec-mocks config goes here. You can use an alternate test double
+  # library (such as bogus or mocha) by changing the `mock_with` option here.
+  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
+    # Prevents you from mocking or stubbing a method that does not exist on
+    # a real object. This is generally recommended, and will default to
+    # `true` in RSpec 4.
+    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
+  end
+
+# The settings below are suggested to provide a good initial experience
+# with RSpec, but feel free to customize to your heart's content.
+=begin
+  # These two settings work together to allow you to limit a spec run
+  # to individual examples or groups you care about by tagging them with
+  # `:focus` metadata. When nothing is tagged with `:focus`, all examples
+  # get run.
+  config.filter_run :focus
+  config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true
+
+  # Limits the available syntax to the non-monkey patched syntax that is recommended.
+  # For more details, see:
+  #   - http://myronmars.to/n/dev-blog/2012/06/rspecs-new-expectation-syntax
+  #   - http://teaisaweso.me/blog/2013/05/27/rspecs-new-message-expectation-syntax/
+  #   - http://myronmars.to/n/dev-blog/2014/05/notable-changes-in-rspec-3#new__config_option_to_disable_rspeccore_monkey_patching
+  config.disable_monkey_patching!
+
+  # This setting enables warnings. It's recommended, but in some cases may
+  # be too noisy due to issues in dependencies.
+  config.warnings = true
+
+  # Many RSpec users commonly either run the entire suite or an individual
+  # file, and it's useful to allow more verbose output when running an
+  # individual spec file.
+  if config.files_to_run.one?
+    # Use the documentation formatter for detailed output,
+    # unless a formatter has already been configured
+    # (e.g. via a command-line flag).
+    config.default_formatter = 'doc'
+  end
+
+  # Print the 10 slowest examples and example groups at the
+  # end of the spec run, to help surface which specs are running
+  # particularly slow.
+  config.profile_examples = 10
+
+  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
+  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
+  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
+  #     --seed 1234
+  config.order = :random
+
+  # Seed global randomization in this process using the `--seed` CLI option.
+  # Setting this allows you to use `--seed` to deterministically reproduce
+  # test failures related to randomization by passing the same `--seed` value
+  # as the one that triggered the failure.
+  Kernel.srand config.seed
+=end
+end
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 706b785e9..c4e460156 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<b>PRAMOD JACOB</b>
+
 Test First Ruby -- RSpec 3 Edition
 ==========
 

From 37418b4a47ce3855ecfa1e7e73e21ad2f0931621 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 16:03:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] completed 01_temperature

---
 01_temperature/temperature.rb | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 01_temperature/temperature.rb

diff --git a/01_temperature/temperature.rb b/01_temperature/temperature.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..744f75db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/01_temperature/temperature.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# fahrenheit to celsius
+def ftoc(f)
+	5.0/9.0 * (f - 32)
+end
+
+# celsius to fahrenheit
+def ctof(c)
+	9.0/5.0 * c + 32
+end

From 064825890bce697bb7caae01ef9c4c4fa0d9648f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 16:46:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] completed 02_calculator

---
 02_calculator/calculator.rb      | 38 +++++++++++++++++
 02_calculator/calculator_spec.rb | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 02_calculator/calculator.rb

diff --git a/02_calculator/calculator.rb b/02_calculator/calculator.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6186a8a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/02_calculator/calculator.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# add
+def add(a,b)
+	a + b
+end
+
+# subtact
+def subtract(a,b)
+	a - b
+end
+
+# sum 
+def sum(arr)
+	return 0 if arr.length == 0
+	return arr[0] if arr.length == 1
+	arr.reduce { |prev, curr| prev + curr }
+end
+
+# multiply 
+def mult(*args)
+	return false if args.length < 2
+	args.reduce { |prev, curr| prev * curr }
+end
+
+# power 
+def pow(a,b)
+	return 1 if b == 0
+	result = a
+	(b.abs-1).times do
+		result *= a
+	end
+	b > 0 ? result : 1.0/result
+end
+
+# factorial 
+def fac(num)
+	return 1 if num < 2
+	num * fac(num-1)
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/02_calculator/calculator_spec.rb b/02_calculator/calculator_spec.rb
index fef7e9d00..3e5b69545 100644
--- a/02_calculator/calculator_spec.rb
+++ b/02_calculator/calculator_spec.rb
@@ -77,23 +77,70 @@
 # once the above tests pass,
 # write tests and code for the following:
 
-describe "#multiply" do
+# describe "#multiply" do
+#   it "multiplies two numbers"
+#   it "multiplies several numbers"
+# end
 
-  it "multiplies two numbers"
+describe "multiply" do 
+  it "does not multiply 0 numbers" do 
+    expect(mult()).to eq(false)
+  end
+
+  it "does not multiply 1 number" do 
+    expect(mult(2)).to eq(false)
+  end
+
+  it "multiplies 2 and 3" do 
+    expect(mult(2,3)).to eq(6)
+  end
 
-  it "multiplies several numbers"
-  
+  it "multiplies 8, 12, 16, 2, and 11" do 
+    expect(mult(8,12,16,2,11)).to eq(33792)
+  end
 end
 
-describe "#power" do
-  it "raises one number to the power of another number"
+# describe "#power" do
+#   it "raises one number to the power of another number"
+# end
+
+describe "power" do
+  it "raises one number to the power of a positive number" do
+    expect(pow(3,2)).to eq(9)
+  end
+
+  it "raises one number to the power of a negative number" do 
+    expect(pow(2,-4)).to eq(0.0625)
+  end
+
+  it "raises one number to the power of 0" do
+    expect(pow(1000000,0)).to eq(1)
+  end
 end
 
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial
-describe "#factorial" do
-  it "computes the factorial of 0"
-  it "computes the factorial of 1"
-  it "computes the factorial of 2"
-  it "computes the factorial of 5"
-  it "computes the factorial of 10"
-end
+# describe "#factorial" do
+  # it "computes the factorial of 0"
+  # it "computes the factorial of 1"
+  # it "computes the factorial of 2"
+  # it "computes the factorial of 5"
+  # it "computes the factorial of 10"
+# end
+
+describe "factorial" do 
+  it "computes the factorial of 0" do
+    expect(fac(0)).to eq(1)
+  end
+  it "computes the factorial of 1" do
+    expect(fac(1)).to eq(1)
+  end
+  it "computes the factorial of 2" do
+    expect(fac(2)).to eq(2)
+  end
+  it "computes the factorial of 5" do
+    expect(fac(5)).to eq(120)
+  end
+  it "computes the factorial of 10" do
+    expect(fac(10)).to eq(3628800)
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file

From 63df339294d560dae7af1651233b1e8f6d845813 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 17:08:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] completed 03_simion_says

---
 03_simon_says/simon_says.rb | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 03_simon_says/simon_says.rb

diff --git a/03_simon_says/simon_says.rb b/03_simon_says/simon_says.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..813539042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/03_simon_says/simon_says.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Simon Says
+
+# Echo 
+def echo(word)
+	word
+end
+
+# Shout
+def shout(word)
+	word.upcase
+end
+
+# Repeat
+def repeat(word, times_said=2)
+	phrase = word
+	(times_said-1).times do 
+		phrase += " " + word
+	end
+	phrase
+end
+
+# Start of word
+def start_of_word(word, location)
+	word[0...location] # 0 to location-1
+end
+
+# First word
+def first_word(phrase)
+	phrase_arr = phrase.split(" ")
+	phrase_arr[0]
+end
+
+# Capitalize
+def titleize(phrase)
+	little_words = ["the", "a", "and", "over"]
+	phrase_arr = phrase.split(" ")	
+	phrase_arr = phrase_arr.each_with_index do |word, location|
+		if location == 0 || !little_words.include?(word.downcase)
+			word[0] = word[0].upcase
+		end
+	end 
+	phrase_arr.join(" ")	
+end
+
+

From 87432fd9052be8ce68fdc4203d15d37b92f0bac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 17:42:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] completed 04_pig_latin

---
 04_pig_latin/pig_latin.rb | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 04_pig_latin/pig_latin.rb

diff --git a/04_pig_latin/pig_latin.rb b/04_pig_latin/pig_latin.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42b1819c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/04_pig_latin/pig_latin.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Pig Latin 
+
+# Translate
+def translate(phrase)
+	
+	# get all vowels in an array
+	vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u']
+
+	# break up phrase into array
+	phrase_array = phrase.split(" ")
+
+	# initialize translated array
+	phrase_array_translated = []
+
+	# translate each word
+	phrase_array.each do |word|
+	
+		# check if word begins with a vowel
+		if vowels.include?(word[0].downcase)
+			phrase_array_translated << word += "ay" 
+			next		
+
+		# check if word begins with a consonant or consonant "chunk"
+		else
+			consonant_chunk = ""
+			letter_tracker = 0 
+	
+			while !vowels.include?(word[letter_tracker].downcase) || # keep going until a vowel is hit, unless...
+				word[letter_tracker].downcase == "u" && word[letter_tracker-1].downcase == "q" # ...special case "qu" is found
+	
+				consonant_chunk += word[letter_tracker]
+				letter_tracker += 1
+	
+			end
+	
+			phrase_array_translated << word[letter_tracker..word.length] + consonant_chunk + "ay"
+		end
+
+	end
+
+	phrase_array_translated.join(" ")
+
+end
+

From 6984750c2be32cadacb4b082734f3047d81b5e6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 19:08:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] completed 05_silly_blocks

---
 05_silly_blocks/silly_blocks.rb | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 05_silly_blocks/silly_blocks.rb

diff --git a/05_silly_blocks/silly_blocks.rb b/05_silly_blocks/silly_blocks.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f936121c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/05_silly_blocks/silly_blocks.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Reverser
+def reverser(&block)
+	phrase_arr = block.call.split(" ") # get content of block
+	phrase_arr.each do |word|
+		word.reverse! # reverse element on phrase_arr directly (no copies made, potentially dangerous!)
+	end
+	phrase_arr.join(" ")
+end
+
+# Adder
+def adder(val=1) # block doesn't need to be mentioned
+	yield + val
+end
+
+# Repeater
+def repeater(val=1) # again, block doesn't need to be mentioned
+	val.times do
+		yield
+	end		
+end

From b48002f9ccf7cc1d911b458a1917349e8bef7d11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 19:32:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] completed 06_performance_monitor

---
 06_performance_monitor/performance_monitor.rb | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 06_performance_monitor/performance_monitor.rb

diff --git a/06_performance_monitor/performance_monitor.rb b/06_performance_monitor/performance_monitor.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20d4cef3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/06_performance_monitor/performance_monitor.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Performance Monitor
+
+def measure(val=1)
+	start_time = Time.now
+	val.times { yield }
+	(Time.now - start_time) / val.to_f
+end
\ No newline at end of file

From f5c3f2b2f09ec0ec5b9141b26f43c43964371e1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 19:39:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] completed 07_hello_friend

---
 07_hello_friend/friend.rb | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 07_hello_friend/friend.rb

diff --git a/07_hello_friend/friend.rb b/07_hello_friend/friend.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f68d5c675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/07_hello_friend/friend.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class Friend
+
+	def greeting(name = nil)
+		return "Hello!" if !name
+		"Hello, " + name + "!"
+	end
+
+end
\ No newline at end of file

From 2ef3ef8c137dcfee85e2bc669cb9a1247f18b0a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 20:40:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] completed 08_book_titles

---
 08_book_titles/book.rb | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 08_book_titles/book.rb

diff --git a/08_book_titles/book.rb b/08_book_titles/book.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b997d1c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/08_book_titles/book.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+class Book 
+	
+	# Constructor
+	def initialize 
+		@title = ""
+	end
+
+	# Read
+	def title 
+		@title
+	end
+
+	# Write
+	def title=(phrase) 
+		phrase_array = []
+		non_caps = ["and", "in", "the", "of", "a", "an"]
+		phrase.split(" ").each_with_index do |word, location|
+			if non_caps.include?(word.downcase) && location != 0
+				phrase_array << word
+			else
+				phrase_array << word[0].upcase + word[1..word.length]
+			end
+		end
+		@title = phrase_array.join(" ")
+	end
+
+end
+
+
+

From e219f0d24aeb222af9531910fcfdb1b59473e8a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 21:12:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] completed 09_timer

---
 09_timer/timer.rb      | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 09_timer/timer_spec.rb | 22 ++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 09_timer/timer.rb

diff --git a/09_timer/timer.rb b/09_timer/timer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2fc73053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/09_timer/timer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Timer
+
+class Timer
+
+	# read & write access
+	attr_accessor :seconds
+
+	# constructor
+	def initialize
+		@seconds = 0
+	end
+
+	# display seconds & string
+	def time_string
+		# initialize 
+		seconds_copy = @seconds
+		time = [0,0,0] # [hours, mins, secs]
+
+		# reduce seconds_copy iteratively to get hour/min/sec count
+		while seconds_copy > 3600
+			time[0] += 1
+			seconds_copy -= 3600
+		end
+		while seconds_copy > 60
+			time[1] += 1
+			seconds_copy -= 60
+		end
+		time[2] = seconds_copy 
+
+		# use hash to build string 
+		time_str = ""
+		time.each_with_index do |value, location| # hour value, then minute value, then second value
+			time_str += padded(value)
+			time_str += ":" unless location == time.length - 1
+		end
+		time_str
+	end
+
+	# pads single-digit numbers for time_string
+	def padded(num)
+		num < 10 ? "0" + num.to_s : num.to_s
+	end
+
+end
+
+t = Timer.new
+puts t.seconds
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/09_timer/timer_spec.rb b/09_timer/timer_spec.rb
index 40b33f23f..0ae1dd31f 100644
--- a/09_timer/timer_spec.rb
+++ b/09_timer/timer_spec.rb
@@ -45,16 +45,16 @@
   # Uncomment these specs if you want to test-drive that
   # method, then call that method from inside of time_string.
   #
-  # describe 'padded' do
-  #   it 'pads zero' do
-  #     expect(@timer.padded(0)).to eq('00')
-  #   end
-  #   it 'pads one' do
-  #     expect(@timer.padded(1)).to eq('01')
-  #   end
-  #   it "doesn't pad a two-digit number" do
-  #     expect(@timer.padded(12)).to eq('12')
-  #   end
-  # end
+  describe 'padded' do
+    it 'pads zero' do
+      expect(@timer.padded(0)).to eq('00')
+    end
+    it 'pads one' do
+      expect(@timer.padded(1)).to eq('01')
+    end
+    it "doesn't pad a two-digit number" do
+      expect(@timer.padded(12)).to eq('12')
+    end
+  end
 
 end

From cc8b6e788330a34be8d30941210138988d7ea7af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 22:52:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] completed 10_temperature_object

---
 10_temperature_object/temperature.rb          | 56 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../temperature_object_spec.rb                |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 10_temperature_object/temperature.rb

diff --git a/10_temperature_object/temperature.rb b/10_temperature_object/temperature.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0d40fb02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/10_temperature_object/temperature.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Temperature 
+class Temperature
+
+	# Instance methods
+
+	def initialize(options = {}) # options are :f (Fahrenheiet) and :c (Celsius)
+		if options.has_key?(:f)
+			@@fahrenheit = options[:f]
+			@@celsius = 5.0/9.0 * (@@fahrenheit - 32)
+		elsif options.has_key?(:c)
+			@@celsius = options[:c] 
+			@@fahrenheit = 9.0/5.0 * @@celsius + 32
+		else 
+			raise "Invalid option"
+		end
+	end
+
+	def in_fahrenheit
+		@@fahrenheit
+	end
+
+	def in_celsius
+		@@celsius
+	end
+
+	# Class (factory) methods
+
+	def self.from_celsius(val)
+		Temperature.new(:c => val) 
+	end
+
+	def self.from_fahrenheit(val)
+		Temperature.new(:f => val) 
+	end
+
+end
+
+# Celsius (subclass)
+class Celsius < Temperature
+
+	def initialize(val)
+		@@celsius = val
+		@@fahrenheit = 9.0/5.0 * @@celsius + 32
+	end
+
+end
+
+# Fahrenheit (subclass)
+class Fahrenheit < Temperature
+
+	def initialize(val)
+		@@fahrenheit = val
+		@@celsius = 5.0/9.0 * (@@fahrenheit - 32)
+	end
+
+end
diff --git a/10_temperature_object/temperature_object_spec.rb b/10_temperature_object/temperature_object_spec.rb
index 5c0af8685..eaf169e5f 100644
--- a/10_temperature_object/temperature_object_spec.rb
+++ b/10_temperature_object/temperature_object_spec.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# # Topics:
+  # # Topics:
 # * floating-point math
 # * objects
 # * constructors

From 34cb227fba193a022f67b5f3747c79d7aee56944 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2016 23:31:32 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] completed 11_dictionary

---
 11_dictionary/dictionary.rb | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 11_dictionary/dictionary.rb

diff --git a/11_dictionary/dictionary.rb b/11_dictionary/dictionary.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc14269e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/11_dictionary/dictionary.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Dictionary
+class Dictionary 
+
+	# Read & write access
+	attr_accessor :entries
+
+	# Constructor
+	def initialize
+		@entries = {}
+	end
+
+	# Add entries
+	def add(entry)
+		entry = { entry => nil } if entry.is_a?(String) # only key provided, as string
+		@entries = @entries.merge(entry) # combine hashes together 
+	end
+
+	# Collect keys in array
+	def keywords
+		@entries.keys.sort
+	end
+
+	# Check if key is present 
+	def include?(key) 
+		@entries.has_key?(key)
+	end
+
+	# Find all keys with "word" inside it (fi should get entries for fish, fiend, figure)
+	def find(word)
+		@entries.select { |key, value| key.include?(word) }
+	end
+
+	# Printable format 
+	def printable
+		print_form = ""
+		entry_count = 0
+		@entries.sort.each do |key, value|
+			print_form += "[#{key}] \"#{value}\""
+			entry_count += 1
+			print_form += "\n" unless entry_count == @entries.length
+		end
+		print_form
+	end
+
+end
+

From fbe363dfbda094ee8fdf3a4f5032743bd8c47fe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Oct 2016 14:07:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] completed 12_rpn_calculator

---
 12_rpn_calculator/rpn_calculator.rb | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 12_rpn_calculator/rpn_calculator.rb

diff --git a/12_rpn_calculator/rpn_calculator.rb b/12_rpn_calculator/rpn_calculator.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccc4e2819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/12_rpn_calculator/rpn_calculator.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+class RPNCalculator
+
+	# Class variables
+	@@operations = ["+", "-", "*", "/"]
+
+	# Constructor
+	def initialize
+		@calc_array = []
+	end
+
+	# Collect pushed values
+	def push(val)
+		@calc_array.push(val.to_f) # Convert ints to floats
+	end
+
+	# Collect operations (as symbols rather than strings - symbols take up less memory)
+	def plus
+		raise "calculator is empty" if @calc_array.length < 2
+		@calc_array.push(:+)
+	end
+	def minus
+		raise "calculator is empty" if @calc_array.length < 2
+		@calc_array.push(:-)
+	end
+	def times
+		raise "calculator is empty" if @calc_array.length < 2
+		@calc_array.push(:*)
+	end
+	def divide
+		raise "calculator is empty" if @calc_array.length < 2
+		@calc_array.push(:/)
+	end
+
+	# Calculate result from @calc_array
+	def value
+		@calc_array_copy = @calc_array.dup
+		@calc_array_copy.each_with_index do |val, i|
+			# Look for operation
+			if ([:+, :-, :*, :/].include?(val))
+				# Collect operation & two values before it in array "main"
+				main = [@calc_array_copy[i-2], @calc_array_copy[i-1], val]
+				# Collect everything in front of & behind "main" in separate arrays
+				front = i < 3 ? [] : @calc_array_copy[0..i-3]
+				back = i == @calc_array_copy.length - 1 ? [] : @calc_array_copy[i+1..-1]
+				# Rebuild @calc_array_copy after solving "main"
+				@calc_array_copy = front + solve(main) + back
+				# Set new value for @calc_array
+				@calc_array = @calc_array_copy.dup
+				# Recursion - run "value" again if an  operation is still present within @calc_array
+				value if @calc_array.include?(:+) || @calc_array.include?(:-) || @calc_array.include?(:*) || @calc_array.include?(:/) 
+				# Return last value in array
+				return @calc_array_copy[-1]
+			end
+		end
+	end
+
+	# Tokenize a string expression - convert string argument to @calc_array
+	def tokens(expression)
+		@calc_array = []
+		expression.split("").each do |char|
+			@calc_array << char.to_f if /[0-9]/.match(char)
+			@calc_array << :+ if /[+]/.match(char)
+			@calc_array << :- if /[-]/.match(char)
+			@calc_array << :* if /[*]/.match(char)
+			@calc_array << :/ if /[\/]/.match(char)
+		end
+		@calc_array
+	end
+
+	# Evaluate a string expression
+	def evaluate(expression)
+		# Convert string expression to @calc_array
+		tokens(expression)
+		# Get value from @calc_array
+		value
+	end
+
+	# Everything below "private" cannot be accessed outside of class
+	private
+
+	# Solve operation in 3-part array form [m, n, op]
+	def solve(arr) 
+		case arr[2]
+		when :+
+			[arr[0] + arr[1]]
+		when :-
+			[arr[0] - arr[1]]
+		when :*
+			[arr[0] * arr[1]]
+		when :/
+			[arr[0] / arr[1]]
+		else
+			raise "Error: RPNCalculator method \"solve\""
+		end
+	end
+
+end
+

From c2ff88e6a0ee4cc507054cfa01e5a3567fcd3727 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Oct 2016 17:31:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] completed 14_array_extensions and 15_in_words

---
 14_array_extensions/array_extensions.rb |  21 +++
 15_in_words/in_words.rb                 | 187 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 15_in_words/in_words_spec.rb            |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 209 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 14_array_extensions/array_extensions.rb
 create mode 100644 15_in_words/in_words.rb

diff --git a/14_array_extensions/array_extensions.rb b/14_array_extensions/array_extensions.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d17dbe8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/14_array_extensions/array_extensions.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+class Array
+
+	# Add all elements
+	def sum
+		return 0 if self.length == 0
+		self.inject { |prev,curr| prev + curr }
+	end
+
+	# Squares each element & rreturns copy
+	def square
+		return self if self.length  == 0
+		self.map { |val| val**2 }
+	end
+
+	# Squares each element of original array
+	def square!
+		return self if self.length  == 0
+		self.map! { |val| val**2 }
+	end
+
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/15_in_words/in_words.rb b/15_in_words/in_words.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dd84038a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/15_in_words/in_words.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+class Fixnum
+
+	def in_words
+
+		# Automatically return on zero
+		return "zero" if self == 0
+
+		# Initialize array that will collect each individual word, to control spacing
+		phrase = []
+
+		# Initialize parameters that will keep track of numbers, from ones to trillions
+		trillions = 0
+		billions = 0
+		millions = 0
+		thousands = 0
+		hundreds = 0
+		tens = 0
+		ones = 0
+
+		# Initialize number that will be used to determine "ones" to "trillions"
+		num = self
+
+		# Count number of trillions
+		while num >= 1000000000000
+			trillions += 1
+			num -= 1000000000000
+		end
+
+		# Add words for millions
+		if trillions > 0 # from 1 to 999 
+			phrase << trillions.in_words # put number from 1 to 999 into in_words recursively
+			phrase << "trillion" 
+			phrase << num.in_words if num != 0 # add words for numbers less than 1 trillion
+			return phrase.join(" ") # combine all words in array, adding one space in between
+		end	
+
+		# Same logic for trillions applies to billions, millions, thousands, and hundreds!
+
+		# Count number of billions
+		while num >= 1000000000
+			billions += 1
+			num -= 1000000000
+		end
+
+		# Add words for billions
+		if billions > 0
+			phrase << billions.in_words
+			phrase << "billion"
+			phrase << num.in_words if num != 0
+			return phrase.join(" ")
+		end	
+
+		# Count number of millions
+		while num >= 1000000
+			millions += 1
+			num -= 1000000
+		end
+
+		# Add words for millions
+		if millions > 0
+			phrase << millions.in_words
+			phrase << "million"
+			phrase << num.in_words if num != 0
+			return phrase.join(" ")
+		end	
+
+		# Count number of thousands
+		while num >= 1000
+			thousands += 1
+			num -= 1000
+		end
+
+		# Add words for thousands
+		if thousands > 0
+			phrase << thousands.in_words
+			phrase << "thousand"
+			phrase << num.in_words if num != 0
+			return phrase.join(" ")
+		end		
+
+		# Count number of hundreds
+		while num >= 100
+			hundreds += 1
+			num -= 100
+		end
+
+		# Add words for hundreds
+		if hundreds > 0
+			phrase << hundreds.in_words
+			phrase << "hundred"
+			phrase << num.in_words if num != 0
+			return phrase.join(" ")
+		end
+
+		# Count number of tens
+		while num >= 10
+			tens += 1
+			num -= 10
+		end
+
+		# Count number of ones
+		while num >= 1
+			ones += 1
+			num -= 1
+		end
+
+		# Add words for tens & ones
+		if tens > 1 && ones > 0 # from 21 to 99
+			return (tens*10).in_words + " " + ones.in_words
+		end
+
+		# Explicit values 1 - every 10 numbers from 20 to 90
+		# Need "return" keywords since they're not the last statement in this method
+		if self < 100 && self % 10 == 0 && self != 10
+			case self
+			when 20
+				return "twenty"
+			when 30
+				return "thirty"
+			when 40
+				return "forty"
+			when 50
+				return "fifty"
+			when 60
+				return "sixty"
+			when 70
+				return "seventy"
+			when 80
+				return "eighty"
+			when 90
+				return "ninety"
+			else
+				raise "Error - in_words, 20 to 90"
+			end
+		end
+
+		# Explicit values 2 - ever number from 1 to 19
+		# No "return" keywords needed - last statement in array
+		if self < 20
+			case self
+			when 1
+				"one"
+			when 2
+				"two"
+			when 3
+				"three"
+			when 4
+				"four"
+			when 5
+				"five"
+			when 6
+				"six"
+			when 7
+				"seven"
+			when 8
+				"eight"
+			when 9 
+				"nine"
+			when 10
+				"ten"
+			when 11
+				"eleven"
+			when 12
+				"twelve"
+			when 13
+				"thirteen"
+			when 14
+				"fourteen"
+			when 15
+				"fifteen"
+			when 16
+				"sixteen"
+			when 17
+				"seventeen"
+			when 18
+				"eighteen"
+			when 19
+				"nineteen"
+			else
+				raise "Error - in_words, 1 to 19"
+			end
+		end
+
+	end
+
+end
+
diff --git a/15_in_words/in_words_spec.rb b/15_in_words/in_words_spec.rb
index 1f5768575..c7f824cc0 100644
--- a/15_in_words/in_words_spec.rb
+++ b/15_in_words/in_words_spec.rb
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
   it "reads 10 to 12" do
     expect(10.in_words).to eq('ten')
     expect(11.in_words).to eq('eleven')
-    expect(12.in_words).to eq ('twelve')
+    expect(12.in_words).to eq('twelve')
   end
 
   it "reads teens" do

From 52c7239873039cba418a8264c1a31ff52e2a7d44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pramod Jacob <psjacob68@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Oct 2016 17:37:49 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] renamed 13_xml_document to 13_xml_document_SKIPPED

---
 {13_xml_document => 13_xml_document_SKIPPED}/index.html           | 0
 {13_xml_document => 13_xml_document_SKIPPED}/xml_document_spec.rb | 0
 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename {13_xml_document => 13_xml_document_SKIPPED}/index.html (100%)
 rename {13_xml_document => 13_xml_document_SKIPPED}/xml_document_spec.rb (100%)

diff --git a/13_xml_document/index.html b/13_xml_document_SKIPPED/index.html
similarity index 100%
rename from 13_xml_document/index.html
rename to 13_xml_document_SKIPPED/index.html
diff --git a/13_xml_document/xml_document_spec.rb b/13_xml_document_SKIPPED/xml_document_spec.rb
similarity index 100%
rename from 13_xml_document/xml_document_spec.rb
rename to 13_xml_document_SKIPPED/xml_document_spec.rb