-Scientific literacy also requires understanding where science is most and least reliable. It is most reliable where controlled experiments are feasible, where outcomes are measurable with precision, and where the phenomena being studied do not change in response to being studied. Physics, chemistry, molecular biology: these are domains where the methodology works extraordinarily well and where the consensus is robust. It is less straightforwardly reliable in domains like nutrition science, psychology, and economics, not because the practitioners are incompetent, but because the subject matter is genuinely hard to isolate, confounding variables are abundant, and, in the case of the social sciences, what is being studied is human behavior, which is complex, context-dependent, and reactive. This is not an argument for dismissing these fields. It is an argument for calibrating your confidence appropriately.
0 commit comments