Table 1. Local galaxies (c.f. Sandage et al., 1975), by group, designation M (Messier, 1784), NGC (Dreyer, 1888), CGCG (Zwicky et al., 1961), PGC (Paturel et al., 1989), C (Moore & Pepin, 1995) and type (de Vaucouleurs et al., 1991a, b, c, res.) with corresponding angular diameters
designation angular diameter V isophotal diameter distance
group M NGC CGCG PGC C object type ° ' kly 10^15 km Mly 10^18 km
local Milky Way SB(rs)bc 87,4 827
31 224 535-17 2557 Andromeda SA(s)b 3,2 1,0 152,0 1438 2,5 24
33 598 502-110 5818 Triangulum¹ SA(s)cd 70,8 41,7 61,1 578 3,2 30
IC342/Maffei² 305-002 13826 5 "Hidden Galaxy" SAB(rs)cd 21,4 20,9 150,0 1419 10,7 101
Sculptor 300 3238 70 Sculptor Pinwheel SA(s)d 21,9 15,5 55,2 522 6,1 57
1014 72 String of Pearls SB(s)m 32,4 5,6 68,5 648 6,5 61
253 2789 65 Sculptor SAB(s)c 27,5 6,8 120,5 1140 11,4 108
M81 2403 309-040 21396 7 SAB(s)cd 21,9 12,3 90,3 854 9,7 91
82 3034 28655 Cigar I0 11,2 4,3 40,8 386 11,4 108
4236 39346 3 SB(s)dm 21,9 7,2 74,0 700 11,7 111
81 28630 Bode's SA(s)ab, AGN 26,9 14,1 96,0 908 11,8 112
Centaurus A/M83 5128 46957 77 Centaurus A S0 pec, Ep, AGN 25,7 20,0 123,1 1165 12,0 114
83 5236 48082 Southern Pinwheel SAB(s)c 12,9 11,5 118,0 1116 14,7 139
Canes Venatici I 94 4736 43495 (R)SA(r)ab 11,2 9,1 45,0 426 16,0 151
51a 5194 47404 Whirlpool SA(s)bc pec, AGN 11,2 6,9 76,9 728 23,5 222
M101 101 545 7272-021 50063 Pinwheel SAB(rs)cd 28,8 26,9 252,0 2384 21,6 204
Canes Venatici II 106³ 4258 39600 SAB(s)bc, AGN 18,6 7,2 151,7 1435 23,7 224
Virgo 62836 101 Pavo SAB(r)bc, AGN 20,0 12,9 171,8 1625 23,6 224
65001 12 Fireworks SAB(rs)cd 16,0 11,2 87,3 826 25,2 238
NGC5866 590 7274-038 54470 Splinter⁴ SA(s)c, ULX 12,7 1,4 173,4 1640 46,6 440
¹) c.f. Brunthaler et al. (2005).
²) c.f. Karachentsev et al. (2020).
³) For its active Type 2 Seyfert nucleus and central supermassive black hole c.f. Miyoshi et al. (1995), Jang et al. (2021) or Baan et al. (2022).
⁴) For its stellar stream and X-ray source c.f. Israel et al. (2017).
Baan, W. A., An, T., Henkel, C., Imai, H., Kostenko, V., & Sobolev, A. (2022). H2O MegaMaser Emission in NGC 4258 Indicative of a Periodic Disc Instability. Nature Astronomy, 6(8), 976–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01706-y
Brunthaler, A., Reid, M. J., Falcke, H., Greenhill, L. J., & Henkel, C. (2005). The Geometric Distance and Proper Motion of the Triangulum Galaxy (M33). Science, 307(5714), 1440–43. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1108342
Chamba, N. (2020). Historical Perspectives on the Concept of Galaxy Size. Research Notes of the AAS, 4(7), 117. https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aba951
de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., Corwin, Jr., H. G., Buta, R. J., Paturel, G. & Fouque, P. (1991a). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. 1st ed. Vol. I. New York, NY: Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/9780387975498
———. (1991b). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. 1st ed. Vol. II. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4360-9
———. (1991c). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. 1st ed. Vol. III. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4363-0
Dreyer, J. L. E. (1888). A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, being the Catalogue of the late Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart., revised, corrected, and enlarged. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, 49, 1—237. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1888MmRAS..49....1D
Israel, G. L., Belfiore, A., Stella, L., Esposito, P., Casella, P., De Luca, A., Marelli M., Papitto, A., Perri, M., Puccetti, S., Castillo, G., Salvetti, D., Tiengo, A., Zampieri, L., D’Agostino, D., Greiner, J., Haberl, F., Novara, G., Salvaterra, R., Turolla, R., Watson, M., Wilms, J., & Wolter, A. (2017). An Accreting Pulsar with Extreme Properties Drives an Ultraluminous x-Ray Source in NGC 5907. Science, 355(6327), 817–19. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai8635
Jang, I. S., Hoyt, T. J., Beaton, R. L., Freedman, W. L., Madore, B. F., Lee, M. G., Neeley, J. R., Monson, A. J., Rich, J. A., & Seibert, M. (2021). The Carnegie–Chicago Hubble Program. IX. Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Method in the Megamaser Host Galaxy, NGC 4258 (M106). The Astrophysical Journal, 906(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc8e9
Karachentsev, I. D., Makarova, L. N., Brent T. R., Anand, G. S., Rizzi, L., Shaya, E. J., & Afanasiev, V. L. (2020). KKH 22, the First Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite of IC 342. Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A), 638, A111. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037993
Messier, C. (1784). Cataloque des nébuleuses et amas d’étoiles, La Connaissance des temps, ou connaissance des mouvements célestes, pour l’année bissextile 1784. Paris, Imprimerie royale, 1781. https://www.messier-objects.com
Miyoshi, M., Moran, J., Herrnstein, J., Greenhill, L., Nakai, N., Diamond, P., & Inoue, M. (1995). Evidence for a Black Hole from High Rotation Velocities in a Sub-Parsec Region of NGC4258. Nature, 373(6510), 127–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/373127a0
Moore, P., & Pepin, M. B. (1995). Beyond Messier: The Caldwell Catalogue. Sky and Telescope, 90. https://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/similar/caldwell.html
Paturel, G., Fouque, P., Bottinelli, L., & Gouguenheim, L. (1989). An Extragalactic Database. I. The Catalogue of Principal Galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Suppl. Ser., 80(November), 299–315. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989A&AS...80..299P
Sandage, A., Sandage, M., & Kristian, J. (1975). Nearby Groups of Galaxies. Galaxies and the Universe. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Dev2/frames.html
Zwicky, F., Herzog, E., & Wild, P. (1961). Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies. 1st ed. Pasadena: California Institute of Technology. https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5mzw0-jg109