diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 4ffa9bd0696..0dd9db9ca89 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 - Add a confirmation in `firebase init dataconnect` before asking for app idea description. (#9282)
+- Update dataconnect:\* commands to use flags for --service & --location (#9312)
diff --git a/src/commands/dataconnect-sdk-generate.ts b/src/commands/dataconnect-sdk-generate.ts
index 741b74370b4..204f25c0f09 100644
--- a/src/commands/dataconnect-sdk-generate.ts
+++ b/src/commands/dataconnect-sdk-generate.ts
@@ -4,24 +4,33 @@ import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Options } from "../options";
 import { DataConnectEmulator } from "../emulator/dataconnectEmulator";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
-import { loadAll } from "../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickServices } from "../dataconnect/load";
 import { logger } from "../logger";
 import { getProjectDefaultAccount } from "../auth";
 import { logLabeledSuccess } from "../utils";
 import { ServiceInfo } from "../dataconnect/types";
 
-type GenerateOptions = Options & { watch?: boolean };
+type GenerateOptions = Options & { watch?: boolean; service?: string; location?: string };
 
 export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sdk:generate")
-  .description("generate typed SDKs for your Data Connect connectors")
+  .description("generate typed SDKs to use Data Connect in your apps")
+  .option(
+    "--service <serviceId>",
+    "the serviceId of the Data Connect service. If not provided, generates SDKs for all services.",
+  )
+  .option("--location <location>", "the location of the Data Connect service to disambiguate")
   .option(
     "--watch",
     "watch for changes to your connector GQL files and regenerate your SDKs when updates occur",
   )
   .action(async (options: GenerateOptions) => {
     const projectId = needProjectId(options);
-
-    const serviceInfos = await loadAll(projectId, options.config);
+    const serviceInfos = await pickServices(
+      projectId,
+      options.config,
+      options.service,
+      options.location,
+    );
     const serviceInfosWithSDKs = serviceInfos.filter((serviceInfo) =>
       serviceInfo.connectorInfo.some((c) => {
         return (
diff --git a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-diff.ts b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-diff.ts
index 73035ad52e8..de12631d884 100644
--- a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-diff.ts
+++ b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-diff.ts
@@ -3,29 +3,38 @@ import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
 import { ensureApis } from "../dataconnect/ensureApis";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
-import { pickService } from "../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickOneService } from "../dataconnect/load";
 import { diffSchema } from "../dataconnect/schemaMigration";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
 
-export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:diff [serviceId]")
+type DiffOptions = Options & { service?: string; location?: string };
+
+export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:diff")
   .description(
-    "display the differences between a local Data Connect schema and your CloudSQL database's current schema",
+    "display the differences between the local Data Connect schema and your CloudSQL database's schema",
   )
+  .option("--service <serviceId>", "the serviceId of the Data Connect service")
+  .option("--location <location>", "the location of the Data Connect service to disambiguate")
   .before(requirePermissions, [
     "firebasedataconnect.services.list",
     "firebasedataconnect.schemas.list",
     "firebasedataconnect.schemas.update",
   ])
   .before(requireAuth)
-  .action(async (serviceId: string, options: Options) => {
+  .action(async (options: DiffOptions) => {
     const projectId = needProjectId(options);
     await ensureApis(projectId);
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, options.config, serviceId);
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      options.config,
+      options.service,
+      options.location,
+    );
 
     const diffs = await diffSchema(
       options,
       serviceInfo.schema,
       serviceInfo.dataConnectYaml.schema.datasource.postgresql?.schemaValidation,
     );
-    return { projectId, serviceId, diffs };
+    return { projectId, diffs };
   });
diff --git a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-grant.ts b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-grant.ts
index 30a25da9e9e..808fcd1ca9e 100644
--- a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-grant.ts
+++ b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-grant.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
 import { ensureApis } from "../dataconnect/ensureApis";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
-import { pickService } from "../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickOneService } from "../dataconnect/load";
 import { grantRoleToUserInSchema } from "../dataconnect/schemaMigration";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
 import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
@@ -12,45 +12,57 @@ import { iamUserIsCSQLAdmin } from "../gcp/cloudsql/cloudsqladmin";
 
 const allowedRoles = Object.keys(fdcSqlRoleMap);
 
-export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:grant [serviceId]")
+type GrantOptions = Options & {
+  role?: string;
+  email?: string;
+  service?: string;
+  location?: string;
+};
+
+export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:grant")
   .description("grants the SQL role <role> to the provided user or service account <email>")
   .option("-R, --role <role>", "The SQL role to grant. One of: owner, writer, or reader.")
   .option(
     "-E, --email <email>",
     "The email of the user or service account we would like to grant the role to.",
   )
+  .option("--service <serviceId>", "the serviceId of the Data Connect service")
+  .option("--location <location>", "the location of the Data Connect service to disambiguate")
   .before(requirePermissions, ["firebasedataconnect.services.list"])
   .before(requireAuth)
-  .action(async (serviceId: string, options: Options) => {
-    const role = options.role as string;
-    const email = options.email as string;
-    if (!role) {
+  .action(async (options: GrantOptions) => {
+    if (!options.role) {
       throw new FirebaseError(
         "-R, --role <role> is required. Run the command with -h for more info.",
       );
     }
-    if (!email) {
+    if (!options.email) {
       throw new FirebaseError(
         "-E, --email <email> is required. Run the command with -h for more info.",
       );
     }
 
-    if (!allowedRoles.includes(role.toLowerCase())) {
+    if (!allowedRoles.includes(options.role.toLowerCase())) {
       throw new FirebaseError(`Role should be one of ${allowedRoles.join(" | ")}.`);
     }
 
+    const projectId = needProjectId(options);
+    await ensureApis(projectId);
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      options.config,
+      options.service as string | undefined,
+      options.location as string | undefined,
+    );
+
     // Make sure current user can perform this action.
     const userIsCSQLAdmin = await iamUserIsCSQLAdmin(options);
     if (!userIsCSQLAdmin) {
       throw new FirebaseError(
-        `Only users with 'roles/cloudsql.admin' can grant SQL roles. If you do not have this role, ask your database administrator to run this command or manually grant ${role} to ${email}`,
+        `Only users with 'roles/cloudsql.admin' can grant SQL roles. If you do not have this role, ask your database administrator to run this command or manually grant ${options.role} to ${options.email}`,
       );
     }
 
-    const projectId = needProjectId(options);
-    await ensureApis(projectId);
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, options.config, serviceId);
-
     await grantRoleToUserInSchema(options, serviceInfo.schema);
-    return { projectId, serviceId };
+    return { projectId };
   });
diff --git a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-migrate.ts b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-migrate.ts
index bcc72943327..636b89d4988 100644
--- a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-migrate.ts
+++ b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-migrate.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
-import { pickService } from "../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickOneService } from "../dataconnect/load";
 import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
 import { migrateSchema } from "../dataconnect/schemaMigration";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
 import { ensureApis } from "../dataconnect/ensureApis";
 import { logLabeledSuccess } from "../utils";
 
-export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:migrate [serviceId]")
+type MigrateOptions = Options & { service?: string; location?: string };
+
+export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:migrate")
   .description("migrate your CloudSQL database's schema to match your local Data Connect schema")
+  .option("--service <serviceId>", "the serviceId of the Data Connect service")
+  .option("--location <location>", "the location of the Data Connect service to disambiguate")
   .before(requirePermissions, [
     "firebasedataconnect.services.list",
     "firebasedataconnect.schemas.list",
@@ -19,10 +23,15 @@ export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:migrate [serviceId]")
   ])
   .before(requireAuth)
   .withForce("execute any required database changes without prompting")
-  .action(async (serviceId: string, options: Options) => {
+  .action(async (options: MigrateOptions) => {
     const projectId = needProjectId(options);
     await ensureApis(projectId);
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, options.config, serviceId);
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      options.config,
+      options.service,
+      options.location,
+    );
     const instanceId =
       serviceInfo.dataConnectYaml.schema.datasource.postgresql?.cloudSql.instanceId;
     if (!instanceId) {
@@ -44,5 +53,5 @@ export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:migrate [serviceId]")
     } else {
       logLabeledSuccess("dataconnect", "Database schema is already up to date!");
     }
-    return { projectId, serviceId, diffs };
+    return { projectId, diffs };
   });
diff --git a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-setup.ts b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-setup.ts
index 164a1d55d53..4627e997b9c 100644
--- a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-setup.ts
+++ b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-setup.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { Command } from "../command";
 import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
-import { pickService } from "../dataconnect/load";
 import { FirebaseError } from "../error";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
@@ -10,9 +9,14 @@ import { setupSQLPermissions, getSchemaMetadata } from "../gcp/cloudsql/permissi
 import { DEFAULT_SCHEMA } from "../gcp/cloudsql/permissions";
 import { getIdentifiers, ensureServiceIsConnectedToCloudSql } from "../dataconnect/schemaMigration";
 import { setupIAMUsers } from "../gcp/cloudsql/connect";
+import { pickOneService } from "../dataconnect/load";
 
-export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:setup [serviceId]")
+type SetupOptions = Options & { service?: string; location?: string };
+
+export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:setup")
   .description("set up your CloudSQL database")
+  .option("--service <serviceId>", "the serviceId of the Data Connect service")
+  .option("--location <location>", "the location of the Data Connect service to disambiguate")
   .before(requirePermissions, [
     "firebasedataconnect.services.list",
     "firebasedataconnect.schemas.list",
@@ -20,10 +24,15 @@ export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:setup [serviceId]")
     "cloudsql.instances.connect",
   ])
   .before(requireAuth)
-  .action(async (serviceId: string, options: Options) => {
+  .action(async (options: SetupOptions) => {
     const projectId = needProjectId(options);
     await ensureApis(projectId);
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, options.config, serviceId);
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      options.config,
+      options.service,
+      options.location,
+    );
     const instanceId =
       serviceInfo.dataConnectYaml.schema.datasource.postgresql?.cloudSql.instanceId;
     if (!instanceId) {
diff --git a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-shell.ts b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-shell.ts
index 6023fb44905..85eb716ed21 100644
--- a/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-shell.ts
+++ b/src/commands/dataconnect-sql-shell.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { Options } from "../options";
 import { needProjectId } from "../projectUtils";
 import { ensureApis } from "../dataconnect/ensureApis";
 import { requirePermissions } from "../requirePermissions";
-import { pickService } from "../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickOneService } from "../dataconnect/load";
 import { getIdentifiers } from "../dataconnect/schemaMigration";
 import { requireAuth } from "../requireAuth";
 import { getIAMUser } from "../gcp/cloudsql/connect";
@@ -81,16 +81,25 @@ async function mainShellLoop(conn: pg.PoolClient) {
   }
 }
 
-export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:shell [serviceId]")
+type ShellOptions = Options & { service?: string; location?: string };
+
+export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:shell")
   .description(
     "start a shell connected directly to your Data Connect service's linked CloudSQL instance",
   )
+  .option("--service <serviceId>", "the serviceId of the Data Connect service")
+  .option("--location <location>", "the location of the Data Connect service to disambiguate")
   .before(requirePermissions, ["firebasedataconnect.services.list", "cloudsql.instances.connect"])
   .before(requireAuth)
-  .action(async (serviceId: string, options: Options) => {
+  .action(async (options: ShellOptions) => {
     const projectId = needProjectId(options);
     await ensureApis(projectId);
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, options.config, serviceId);
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      options.config,
+      options.service,
+      options.location,
+    );
     const { instanceId, databaseId } = getIdentifiers(serviceInfo.schema);
     const { user: username } = await getIAMUser(options);
     const instance = await cloudSqlAdminClient.getInstance(projectId, instanceId);
@@ -134,5 +143,5 @@ export const command = new Command("dataconnect:sql:shell [serviceId]")
     await pool.end();
     connector.close();
 
-    return { projectId, serviceId };
+    return { projectId };
   });
diff --git a/src/dataconnect/load.ts b/src/dataconnect/load.ts
index 4f021746e22..33671e79caa 100644
--- a/src/dataconnect/load.ts
+++ b/src/dataconnect/load.ts
@@ -15,44 +15,56 @@ import {
 import { readFileFromDirectory, wrappedSafeLoad } from "../utils";
 import { DataConnectMultiple } from "../firebaseConfig";
 
-// pickService reads firebase.json and returns all services with a given serviceId.
-// If serviceID is not provided and there is a single service, return that.
-export async function pickService(
+/** Picks exactly one Data Connect service based on flags. */
+export async function pickOneService(
   projectId: string,
   config: Config,
-  serviceId?: string,
+  service?: string,
+  location?: string,
 ): Promise<ServiceInfo> {
+  const services = await pickServices(projectId, config, service, location);
+  if (services.length > 1) {
+    const serviceIds = services.map(
+      (i) => `${i.dataConnectYaml.location}:${i.dataConnectYaml.serviceId}`,
+    );
+    throw new FirebaseError(
+      `Multiple services matched. Please specify a service and location. Matched services: ${serviceIds.join(
+        ", ",
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+  return services[0];
+}
+
+/** Picks Data Connect services based on flags. */
+export async function pickServices(
+  projectId: string,
+  config: Config,
+  serviceId?: string,
+  location?: string,
+): Promise<ServiceInfo[]> {
   const serviceInfos = await loadAll(projectId, config);
   if (serviceInfos.length === 0) {
     throw new FirebaseError(
       "No Data Connect services found in firebase.json." +
         `\nYou can run ${clc.bold("firebase init dataconnect")} to add a Data Connect service.`,
     );
-  } else if (serviceInfos.length === 1) {
-    if (serviceId && serviceId !== serviceInfos[0].dataConnectYaml.serviceId) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(
-        `No service named ${serviceId} declared in firebase.json. Found ${serviceInfos[0].dataConnectYaml.serviceId}.` +
-          `\nYou can run ${clc.bold("firebase init dataconnect")} to add this Data Connect service.`,
-      );
-    }
-    return serviceInfos[0];
-  } else {
-    if (!serviceId) {
-      throw new FirebaseError(
-        "Multiple Data Connect services found in firebase.json. Please specify a service ID to use.",
-      );
-    }
-    // TODO: handle cases where there are services with the same ID in 2 locations.
-    const maybe = serviceInfos.find((i) => i.dataConnectYaml.serviceId === serviceId);
-    if (!maybe) {
-      const serviceIds = serviceInfos.map((i) => i.dataConnectYaml.serviceId);
-      throw new FirebaseError(
-        `No service named ${serviceId} declared in firebase.json. Found ${serviceIds.join(", ")}.` +
-          `\nYou can run ${clc.bold("firebase init dataconnect")} to add this Data Connect service.`,
-      );
-    }
-    return maybe;
   }
+
+  const matchingServices = serviceInfos.filter(
+    (i) =>
+      (!serviceId || i.dataConnectYaml.serviceId === serviceId) &&
+      (!location || i.dataConnectYaml.location === location),
+  );
+  if (matchingServices.length === 0) {
+    const serviceIds = serviceInfos.map(
+      (i) => `${i.dataConnectYaml.location}:${i.dataConnectYaml.serviceId}`,
+    );
+    throw new FirebaseError(
+      `No service matched service in firebase.json. Available services: ${serviceIds.join(", ")}`,
+    );
+  }
+  return matchingServices;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/compile.ts b/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/compile.ts
index e5904385051..bec43f68357 100644
--- a/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/compile.ts
+++ b/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/compile.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { z } from "zod";
 import { tool } from "../../tool";
-import { pickService } from "../../../dataconnect/load";
 import { compileErrors } from "../../util/dataconnect/compile";
+import { pickServices } from "../../../dataconnect/load";
 
 export const compile = tool(
   {
@@ -17,7 +17,13 @@ export const compile = tool(
         .string()
         .optional()
         .describe(
-          "The Firebase Data Connect service ID to look for. If omitted, builds all services defined in `firebase.json`.",
+          `Data Connect Service ID to disambiguate if there are multiple Data Connect services.`,
+        ),
+      location_id: z
+        .string()
+        .optional()
+        .describe(
+          `Data Connect Service location ID to disambiguate among multiple Data Connect services.`,
         ),
     }),
     annotations: {
@@ -29,15 +35,26 @@ export const compile = tool(
       requiresAuth: false,
     },
   },
-  async ({ service_id, error_filter }, { projectId, config }) => {
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, config, service_id || undefined);
-    const errors = await compileErrors(serviceInfo.sourceDirectory, error_filter);
-    if (errors)
+  async ({ service_id, location_id, error_filter }, { projectId, config }) => {
+    const serviceInfos = await pickServices(
+      projectId,
+      config,
+      service_id || undefined,
+      location_id || undefined,
+    );
+    const errors = (
+      await Promise.all(
+        serviceInfos.map(async (serviceInfo) => {
+          return await compileErrors(serviceInfo.sourceDirectory, error_filter);
+        }),
+      )
+    ).flat();
+    if (errors.length > 0)
       return {
         content: [
           {
             type: "text",
-            text: `The following errors were encountered while compiling Data Connect from directory \`${serviceInfo.sourceDirectory}\`:\n\n${errors}`,
+            text: `The following errors were encountered while compiling Data Connect:\n\n${errors.join("\n")}`,
           },
         ],
         isError: true,
diff --git a/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/execute.ts b/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/execute.ts
index 6143c7df01f..b541a0b64f9 100644
--- a/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/execute.ts
+++ b/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/execute.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { z } from "zod";
 
 import { tool } from "../../tool";
 import * as dataplane from "../../../dataconnect/dataplaneClient";
-import { pickService } from "../../../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickOneService } from "../../../dataconnect/load";
 import { graphqlResponseToToolResponse, parseVariables } from "../../util/dataconnect/converter";
 import { getDataConnectEmulatorClient } from "../../util/dataconnect/emulator";
 import { Client } from "../../../apiv2";
@@ -17,11 +17,18 @@ export const execute = tool(
 You can use the \`dataconnect_generate_operation\` tool to generate a query.
 Example Data Connect schema and example queries can be found in files ending in \`.graphql\` or \`.gql\`.
 `),
-      service_id: z.string().optional()
-        .describe(`Data Connect Service ID to dis-ambulate if there are multiple.
-It's only necessary if there are multiple dataconnect sources in \`firebase.json\`.
-You can find candidate service_id in \`dataconnect.yaml\`
-`),
+      service_id: z
+        .string()
+        .optional()
+        .describe(
+          `Data Connect Service ID to disambiguate if there are multiple Data Connect services.`,
+        ),
+      location_id: z
+        .string()
+        .optional()
+        .describe(
+          `Data Connect Service location ID to disambiguate among multiple Data Connect services.`,
+        ),
       variables_json: z
         .string()
         .optional()
@@ -55,13 +62,19 @@ You can find candidate service_id in \`dataconnect.yaml\`
     {
       query,
       service_id,
+      location_id,
       variables_json: unparsedVariables,
       use_emulator,
       auth_token_json: unparsedAuthToken,
     },
     { projectId, config, host },
   ) => {
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, config, service_id || undefined);
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      config,
+      service_id || undefined,
+      location_id || undefined,
+    );
     let apiClient: Client;
     if (use_emulator) {
       apiClient = await getDataConnectEmulatorClient(host);
diff --git a/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/generate_operation.ts b/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/generate_operation.ts
index 731afc7adc7..309907e83a3 100644
--- a/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/generate_operation.ts
+++ b/src/mcp/tools/dataconnect/generate_operation.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { z } from "zod";
 import { tool } from "../../tool";
 import { toContent } from "../../util";
 import { generateOperation } from "../../../gemini/fdcExperience";
-import { pickService } from "../../../dataconnect/load";
+import { pickOneService } from "../../../dataconnect/load";
 
 export const generate_operation = tool(
   {
@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@ export const generate_operation = tool(
         .string()
         .optional()
         .describe(
-          "Optional: Uses the service ID from the firebase.json file if nothing provided. The service ID of the deployed Firebase resource.",
+          `Data Connect Service ID to disambiguate if there are multiple Data Connect services.`,
+        ),
+      location_id: z
+        .string()
+        .optional()
+        .describe(
+          `Data Connect Service location ID to disambiguate among multiple Data Connect services.`,
         ),
     }),
     annotations: {
@@ -33,8 +39,13 @@ export const generate_operation = tool(
       requiresGemini: true,
     },
   },
-  async ({ prompt, service_id }, { projectId, config }) => {
-    const serviceInfo = await pickService(projectId, config, service_id || undefined);
+  async ({ prompt, service_id, location_id }, { projectId, config }) => {
+    const serviceInfo = await pickOneService(
+      projectId,
+      config,
+      service_id || undefined,
+      location_id || undefined,
+    );
     const schema = await generateOperation(prompt, serviceInfo.serviceName, projectId);
     return toContent(schema);
   },