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WKT strings are exhaustive, detailed, and precise, allowing for unambiguous CRSs storage and transformations.
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They contain all relevant information about any given CRS, including its datum and ellipsoid, prime meridian, projection, and units.^[
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Before the emergence of WKT CRS definitions, proj-string was the standard way to specify coordinate operations and store CRSs.
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These string representations, built on a key=value form (e.g, `+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs`), are, however, currently discouraged in most cases.
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PROJ version 6 and further still allows to use proj-strings to define coordinate operations, but some proj-string keys are no longer supported or are not advisable to use (e.g., `+nadgrids`, `+towgs84`, `+k`, `+init=epsg:`) and only three datums (i.e., WGS84, NAD83, and NAD27) can be directly set in proj-string.
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Importantly, proj-strings are not used to store CRSs anymore.
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These string representations, built on a key=value form (e.g, `+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs`), have already been, or should in the future be, superseded by WKT representations in most cases.
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Recent PROJ versions (6+) still allow use of proj-strings to define coordinate operations, but some proj-string keys are either no longer supported.
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<!-- `proj=`, `+nadgrids`, `+towgs84`, `+k`, `+init=epsg:` keys and only three datums (i.e., WGS84, NAD83, and NAD27) can be directly set in proj-string. -->
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Longer explanations of the evolution of CRS definitions and the PROJ library can be found in @bivand_progress_2021, Chapter 2 of @pebesma_spatial_2022, and [blog post by Floris Vanderhaeghe](https://inbo.github.io/tutorials/tutorials/spatial_crs_coding/).
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As outlined in the [PROJ documentation](https://proj.org/development/reference/cpp/cpp_general.html) there are different versions of the WKT CRS format including WKT1 and two variants of WKT2, the latter of which (WKT2, 2018 specification) corresponds to the ISO 19111:2019 [@opengeospatialconsortium_wellknown_2019].
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