Rollup merge of rust-lang#145153 - joshtriplett:macro-kinds-plural, r=petrochenkov

Handle macros with multiple kinds, and improve errors

(I recommend reviewing this commit-by-commit.)

Switch to a bitflags `MacroKinds` to support macros with more than one kind

Review everything that uses `MacroKind`, and switch anything that could refer to more than one kind to use `MacroKinds`.

Add a new `SyntaxExtensionKind::MacroRules` for `macro_rules!` macros, using the concrete `MacroRulesMacroExpander` type, and have it track which kinds it can handle. Eliminate the separate optional `attr_ext`, now that a `SyntaxExtension` can handle multiple macro kinds.

This also avoids the need to downcast when calling methods on `MacroRulesMacroExpander`, such as `get_unused_rule`.

Integrate macro kind checking into name resolution's `sub_namespace_match`, so that we only find a macro if it's the right type, and eliminate the special-case hack for attributes.

This allows detecting and report macro kind mismatches early, and more precisely, improving various error messages. In particular, this eliminates the case in `failed_to_match_macro` to check for a function-like invocation of a macro with no function-like rules.

Instead, macro kind mismatches now result in an unresolved macro, and we detect this case in `unresolved_macro_suggestions`, which now carefully distinguishes between a kind mismatch and other errors.

This also handles cases of forward-referenced attributes and cyclic attributes.

----

In this PR, I've minimally fixed up `rustdoc` so that it compiles and passes tests. This is just the minimal necessary fixes to handle the switch to `MacroKinds`, and it only works for macros that don't actually have multiple kinds. This will panic (with a `todo!`) if it encounters a macro with multiple kinds.

rustdoc needs further fixes to handle macros with multiple kinds, and to handle attributes and derive macros that aren't proc macros. I'd appreciate some help from a rustdoc expert on that.

----

r? `@petrochenkov`

Author: jhpratt

Cargo.lock

@@ -3889,6 +3889,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "rustc_hir"
 version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
  "odht",
  "rustc_abi",
  "rustc_arena",

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/item.rs

@@ -436,14 +436,14 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 let body = Box::new(self.lower_delim_args(body));
                 let def_id = self.local_def_id(id);
                 let def_kind = self.tcx.def_kind(def_id);
-                let DefKind::Macro(macro_kind) = def_kind else {
+                let DefKind::Macro(macro_kinds) = def_kind else {
                     unreachable!(
                         "expected DefKind::Macro for macro item, found {}",
                         def_kind.descr(def_id.to_def_id())
                     );
                 };
                 let macro_def = self.arena.alloc(ast::MacroDef { body, macro_rules: *macro_rules });
-                hir::ItemKind::Macro(ident, macro_def, macro_kind)
+                hir::ItemKind::Macro(ident, macro_def, macro_kinds)
             }
             ItemKind::Delegation(box delegation) => {
                 let delegation_results = self.lower_delegation(delegation, id, false);

compiler/rustc_expand/src/base.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{DiagCtxtHandle, ErrorGuaranteed, PResult};
 use rustc_feature::Features;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::attrs::{AttributeKind, CfgEntry, Deprecation};
+use rustc_hir::def::MacroKinds;
 use rustc_hir::{Stability, find_attr};
 use rustc_lint_defs::{BufferedEarlyLint, RegisteredTools};
 use rustc_parse::MACRO_ARGUMENTS;
@@ -718,6 +719,9 @@ impl MacResult for DummyResult {
 /// A syntax extension kind.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
+    /// A `macro_rules!` macro that can work as any `MacroKind`
+    MacroRules(Arc<crate::MacroRulesMacroExpander>),
+
     /// A token-based function-like macro.
     Bang(
         /// An expander with signature TokenStream -> TokenStream.
@@ -772,9 +776,39 @@ pub enum SyntaxExtensionKind {
     ),
 
     /// A glob delegation.
+    ///
+    /// This is for delegated function implementations, and has nothing to do with glob imports.
     GlobDelegation(Arc<dyn GlobDelegationExpander + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend>),
 }
 
+impl SyntaxExtensionKind {
+    /// Returns `Some(expander)` for a macro usable as a `LegacyBang`; otherwise returns `None`
+    ///
+    /// This includes a `MacroRules` with function-like rules.
+    pub fn as_legacy_bang(&self) -> Option<&(dyn TTMacroExpander + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend)> {
+        match self {
+            SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyBang(exp) => Some(exp.as_ref()),
+            SyntaxExtensionKind::MacroRules(exp) if exp.kinds().contains(MacroKinds::BANG) => {
+                Some(exp.as_ref())
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `Some(expander)` for a macro usable as an `Attr`; otherwise returns `None`
+    ///
+    /// This includes a `MacroRules` with `attr` rules.
+    pub fn as_attr(&self) -> Option<&(dyn AttrProcMacro + sync::DynSync + sync::DynSend)> {
+        match self {
+            SyntaxExtensionKind::Attr(exp) => Some(exp.as_ref()),
+            SyntaxExtensionKind::MacroRules(exp) if exp.kinds().contains(MacroKinds::ATTR) => {
+                Some(exp.as_ref())
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A struct representing a macro definition in "lowered" form ready for expansion.
 pub struct SyntaxExtension {
     /// A syntax extension kind.
@@ -804,18 +838,19 @@ pub struct SyntaxExtension {
 }
 
 impl SyntaxExtension {
-    /// Returns which kind of macro calls this syntax extension.
-    pub fn macro_kind(&self) -> MacroKind {
+    /// Returns which kinds of macro call this syntax extension.
+    pub fn macro_kinds(&self) -> MacroKinds {
         match self.kind {
             SyntaxExtensionKind::Bang(..)
             | SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyBang(..)
-            | SyntaxExtensionKind::GlobDelegation(..) => MacroKind::Bang,
+            | SyntaxExtensionKind::GlobDelegation(..) => MacroKinds::BANG,
             SyntaxExtensionKind::Attr(..)
             | SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyAttr(..)
-            | SyntaxExtensionKind::NonMacroAttr => MacroKind::Attr,
+            | SyntaxExtensionKind::NonMacroAttr => MacroKinds::ATTR,
             SyntaxExtensionKind::Derive(..) | SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyDerive(..) => {
-                MacroKind::Derive
+                MacroKinds::DERIVE
             }
+            SyntaxExtensionKind::MacroRules(ref m) => m.kinds(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1024,11 +1059,12 @@ impl SyntaxExtension {
         parent: LocalExpnId,
         call_site: Span,
         descr: Symbol,
+        kind: MacroKind,
         macro_def_id: Option<DefId>,
         parent_module: Option<DefId>,
     ) -> ExpnData {
         ExpnData::new(
-            ExpnKind::Macro(self.macro_kind(), descr),
+            ExpnKind::Macro(kind, descr),
             parent.to_expn_id(),
             call_site,
             self.span,

compiler/rustc_expand/src/expand.rs

@@ -736,8 +736,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
 
         let (fragment_kind, span) = (invoc.fragment_kind, invoc.span());
         ExpandResult::Ready(match invoc.kind {
-            InvocationKind::Bang { mac, span } => match ext {
-                SyntaxExtensionKind::Bang(expander) => {
+            InvocationKind::Bang { mac, span } => {
+                if let SyntaxExtensionKind::Bang(expander) = ext {
                     match expander.expand(self.cx, span, mac.args.tokens.clone()) {
                         Ok(tok_result) => {
                             let fragment =
@@ -755,8 +755,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                         }
                         Err(guar) => return ExpandResult::Ready(fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)),
                     }
-                }
-                SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyBang(expander) => {
+                } else if let Some(expander) = ext.as_legacy_bang() {
                     let tok_result = match expander.expand(self.cx, span, mac.args.tokens.clone()) {
                         ExpandResult::Ready(tok_result) => tok_result,
                         ExpandResult::Retry(_) => {
@@ -776,11 +775,12 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                         let guar = self.error_wrong_fragment_kind(fragment_kind, &mac, span);
                         fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)
                     }
+                } else {
+                    unreachable!();
                 }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            },
-            InvocationKind::Attr { attr, pos, mut item, derives } => match ext {
-                SyntaxExtensionKind::Attr(expander) => {
+            }
+            InvocationKind::Attr { attr, pos, mut item, derives } => {
+                if let Some(expander) = ext.as_attr() {
                     self.gate_proc_macro_input(&item);
                     self.gate_proc_macro_attr_item(span, &item);
                     let tokens = match &item {
@@ -835,8 +835,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                         }
                         Err(guar) => return ExpandResult::Ready(fragment_kind.dummy(span, guar)),
                     }
-                }
-                SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyAttr(expander) => {
+                } else if let SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyAttr(expander) = ext {
                     match validate_attr::parse_meta(&self.cx.sess.psess, &attr) {
                         Ok(meta) => {
                             let item_clone = macro_stats.then(|| item.clone());
@@ -878,15 +877,15 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MacroExpander<'a, 'b> {
                             fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(iter::once(item))
                         }
                     }
-                }
-                SyntaxExtensionKind::NonMacroAttr => {
+                } else if let SyntaxExtensionKind::NonMacroAttr = ext {
                     // `-Zmacro-stats` ignores these because they don't do any real expansion.
                     self.cx.expanded_inert_attrs.mark(&attr);
                     item.visit_attrs(|attrs| attrs.insert(pos, attr));
                     fragment_kind.expect_from_annotatables(iter::once(item))
+                } else {
+                    unreachable!();
                 }
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            },
+            }
             InvocationKind::Derive { path, item, is_const } => match ext {
                 SyntaxExtensionKind::Derive(expander)
                 | SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyDerive(expander) => {

compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/diagnostics.rs

@@ -58,18 +58,6 @@ pub(super) fn failed_to_match_macro(
 
     let Some(BestFailure { token, msg: label, remaining_matcher, .. }) = tracker.best_failure
     else {
-        // FIXME: we should report this at macro resolution time, as we do for
-        // `resolve_macro_cannot_use_as_attr`. We can do that once we track multiple macro kinds for a
-        // Def.
-        if attr_args.is_none() && !rules.iter().any(|rule| matches!(rule, MacroRule::Func { .. })) {
-            let msg = format!("macro has no rules for function-like invocation `{name}!`");
-            let mut err = psess.dcx().struct_span_err(sp, msg);
-            if !def_head_span.is_dummy() {
-                let msg = "this macro has no rules for function-like invocation";
-                err.span_label(def_head_span, msg);
-            }
-            return (sp, err.emit());
-        }
         return (sp, psess.dcx().span_delayed_bug(sp, "failed to match a macro"));
     };
 

compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_check.rs

@@ -357,10 +357,10 @@ enum NestedMacroState {
     /// The token `macro_rules` was processed.
     MacroRules,
     /// The tokens `macro_rules!` were processed.
-    MacroRulesNot,
+    MacroRulesBang,
     /// The tokens `macro_rules!` followed by a name were processed. The name may be either directly
     /// an identifier or a meta-variable (that hopefully would be instantiated by an identifier).
-    MacroRulesNotName,
+    MacroRulesBangName,
     /// The keyword `macro` was processed.
     Macro,
     /// The keyword `macro` followed by a name was processed.
@@ -408,24 +408,24 @@ fn check_nested_occurrences(
                 NestedMacroState::MacroRules,
                 &TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: TokenKind::Bang, .. }),
             ) => {
-                state = NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNot;
+                state = NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBang;
             }
             (
-                NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNot,
+                NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBang,
                 &TokenTree::Token(Token { kind: TokenKind::Ident(..), .. }),
             ) => {
-                state = NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNotName;
+                state = NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBangName;
             }
-            (NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNot, &TokenTree::MetaVar(..)) => {
-                state = NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNotName;
+            (NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBang, &TokenTree::MetaVar(..)) => {
+                state = NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBangName;
                 // We check that the meta-variable is correctly used.
                 check_occurrences(psess, node_id, tt, macros, binders, ops, guar);
             }
-            (NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNotName, TokenTree::Delimited(.., del))
+            (NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBangName, TokenTree::Delimited(.., del))
             | (NestedMacroState::MacroName, TokenTree::Delimited(.., del))
                 if del.delim == Delimiter::Brace =>
             {
-                let macro_rules = state == NestedMacroState::MacroRulesNotName;
+                let macro_rules = state == NestedMacroState::MacroRulesBangName;
                 state = NestedMacroState::Empty;
                 let rest =
                     check_nested_macro(psess, node_id, macro_rules, &del.tts, &nested_macros, guar);

compiler/rustc_expand/src/mbe/macro_rules.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diag, ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_feature::Features;
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::attrs::AttributeKind;
+use rustc_hir::def::MacroKinds;
 use rustc_hir::find_attr;
 use rustc_lint_defs::BuiltinLintDiag;
 use rustc_lint_defs::builtin::{
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ pub struct MacroRulesMacroExpander {
     name: Ident,
     span: Span,
     transparency: Transparency,
+    kinds: MacroKinds,
     rules: Vec<MacroRule>,
 }
 
@@ -158,6 +160,10 @@ impl MacroRulesMacroExpander {
         };
         if has_compile_error_macro(rhs) { None } else { Some((&self.name, span)) }
     }
+
+    pub fn kinds(&self) -> MacroKinds {
+        self.kinds
+    }
 }
 
 impl TTMacroExpander for MacroRulesMacroExpander {
@@ -540,13 +546,13 @@ pub fn compile_declarative_macro(
     span: Span,
     node_id: NodeId,
     edition: Edition,
-) -> (SyntaxExtension, Option<Arc<SyntaxExtension>>, usize) {
+) -> (SyntaxExtension, usize) {
     let mk_syn_ext = |kind| {
         let is_local = is_defined_in_current_crate(node_id);
         SyntaxExtension::new(sess, kind, span, Vec::new(), edition, ident.name, attrs, is_local)
     };
-    let mk_bang_ext = |expander| mk_syn_ext(SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyBang(expander));
-    let dummy_syn_ext = |guar| (mk_bang_ext(Arc::new(DummyExpander(guar))), None, 0);
+    let dummy_syn_ext =
+        |guar| (mk_syn_ext(SyntaxExtensionKind::LegacyBang(Arc::new(DummyExpander(guar)))), 0);
 
     let macro_rules = macro_def.macro_rules;
     let exp_sep = if macro_rules { exp!(Semi) } else { exp!(Comma) };
@@ -559,12 +565,12 @@ pub fn compile_declarative_macro(
     let mut guar = None;
     let mut check_emission = |ret: Result<(), ErrorGuaranteed>| guar = guar.or(ret.err());
 
-    let mut has_attr_rules = false;
+    let mut kinds = MacroKinds::empty();
     let mut rules = Vec::new();
 
     while p.token != token::Eof {
         let args = if p.eat_keyword_noexpect(sym::attr) {
-            has_attr_rules = true;
+            kinds |= MacroKinds::ATTR;
             if !features.macro_attr() {
                 feature_err(sess, sym::macro_attr, span, "`macro_rules!` attributes are unstable")
                     .emit();
@@ -581,6 +587,7 @@ pub fn compile_declarative_macro(
             }
             Some(args)
         } else {
+            kinds |= MacroKinds::BANG;
             None
         };
         let lhs_tt = p.parse_token_tree();
@@ -627,6 +634,7 @@ pub fn compile_declarative_macro(
         let guar = sess.dcx().span_err(span, "macros must contain at least one rule");
         return dummy_syn_ext(guar);
     }
+    assert!(!kinds.is_empty());
 
     let transparency = find_attr!(attrs, AttributeKind::MacroTransparency(x) => *x)
         .unwrap_or(Transparency::fallback(macro_rules));
@@ -640,12 +648,8 @@ pub fn compile_declarative_macro(
     // Return the number of rules for unused rule linting, if this is a local macro.
     let nrules = if is_defined_in_current_crate(node_id) { rules.len() } else { 0 };
 
-    let exp = Arc::new(MacroRulesMacroExpander { name: ident, span, node_id, transparency, rules });
-    let opt_attr_ext = has_attr_rules.then(|| {
-        let exp = Arc::clone(&exp);
-        Arc::new(mk_syn_ext(SyntaxExtensionKind::Attr(exp)))
-    });
-    (mk_bang_ext(exp), opt_attr_ext, nrules)
+    let exp = MacroRulesMacroExpander { name: ident, kinds, span, node_id, transparency, rules };
+    (mk_syn_ext(SyntaxExtensionKind::MacroRules(Arc::new(exp))), nrules)
 }
 
 fn check_no_eof(sess: &Session, p: &Parser<'_>, msg: &'static str) -> Option<ErrorGuaranteed> {

compiler/rustc_hir/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
 # tidy-alphabetical-start
+bitflags = "2.9.1"
 odht = { version = "0.3.1", features = ["nightly"] }
 rustc_abi = { path = "../rustc_abi" }
 rustc_arena = { path = "../rustc_arena" }