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Error during binding discovery #149

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Error during binding discovery#149
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Could not load file or assembly"Could not load file or assembly" in the VS extension
@charristti

Description

@charristti
charristti
opened on Jan 9, 2026

Used Visual Studio

Visual Studio 2022

Are the latest Visual Studio updates installed?

Yes

Content of reqnroll.json (if present)

No response

Issue Description

With latest version of the Reqnroll for Visual Studio 2022 and 2026 2025.3.395. Previously working project now gives the following error in the Reqnroll output window:
Info: ThenImportBindings: 58 step definitions and 13 hooks discovered for project FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests
Info: ThenImportBindings: 58 step definitions and 13 hooks discovered for project FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests
Info: ThenImportBindings: 58 step definitions and 13 hooks discovered for project FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests
Info: ThenImportBindings: 58 step definitions and 13 hooks discovered for project FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests
Info: CheckProjectSettings: Project settings updated: .NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0,Reqnroll:3.3.1,x64
Warning: AndDiscoveryProviderSucceed: Error during binding discovery.
Command executed:
D:\source\repos\dev-2026\SourceIntegrationTests\FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests\bin\Debug\net8.0\win-x64> C:\Program Files\dotnet\dotnet.exe exec c:\users\charr\appdata\local\microsoft\visualstudio\17.0_83668ff2\extensions\kgndl4qh.low\Connectors\Reqnroll-Generic-net8.0\reqnroll-vs.dll discovery D:\source\repos\dev-2026\SourceIntegrationTests\FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests\bin\Debug\net8.0\win-x64\FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests.dll ""
Exit code: 0
Message:
System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
---> System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Runtime, Version=9.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'System.Runtime, Version=9.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'
at System.ModuleHandle.ResolveType(QCallModule module, Int32 typeToken, IntPtr* typeInstArgs, Int32 typeInstCount, IntPtr* methodInstArgs, Int32 methodInstCount, ObjectHandleOnStack type)
at System.ModuleHandle.ResolveTypeHandle(Int32 typeToken, RuntimeTypeHandle[] typeInstantiationContext, RuntimeTypeHandle[] methodInstantiationContext)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeModule.ResolveType(Int32 metadataToken, Type[] genericTypeArguments, Type[] genericMethodArguments)
at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.FilterCustomAttributeRecord(MetadataToken caCtorToken, MetadataImport& scope, RuntimeModule decoratedModule, MetadataToken decoratedToken, RuntimeType attributeFilterType, Boolean mustBeInheritable, ListBuilder1& derivedAttributes, RuntimeType& attributeType, IRuntimeMethodInfo& ctorWithParameters, Boolean& isVarArg) at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.AddCustomAttributes(ListBuilder1& attributes, RuntimeModule decoratedModule, Int32 decoratedMetadataToken, RuntimeType attributeFilterType, Boolean mustBeInheritable, ListBuilder1 derivedAttributes) at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.GetCustomAttributes(RuntimeModule decoratedModule, Int32 decoratedMetadataToken, Int32 pcaCount, RuntimeType attributeFilterType) at System.Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(Assembly element, Type attributeType, Boolean inherit) at System.Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(Assembly element, Type attributeType, Boolean inherit) at Reqnroll.Plugins.RuntimePluginLoader.LoadPlugin(String pluginAssemblyPath, ITraceListener traceListener, Boolean traceMissingPluginAttribute) at Reqnroll.Infrastructure.ContainerBuilder.LoadPlugin(String pluginPath, IRuntimePluginLoader pluginLoader, RuntimePluginEvents runtimePluginEvents, UnitTestProviderConfiguration unitTestProviderConfigration, ITraceListener traceListener, Boolean traceMissingPluginAttribute) at Reqnroll.Infrastructure.ContainerBuilder.LoadPlugins(IRuntimeConfigurationProvider configurationProvider, ObjectContainer container, RuntimePluginEvents runtimePluginEvents, ReqnrollConfiguration reqnrollConfiguration, UnitTestProviderConfiguration unitTestProviderConfigration, Assembly testAssembly) at Reqnroll.Infrastructure.ContainerBuilder.CreateGlobalContainer(Assembly testAssembly, IRuntimeConfigurationProvider configurationProvider) at Reqnroll.Bindings.Provider.BindingProviderService.CreateGlobalContainer(Assembly testAssembly, String jsonConfiguration) at Reqnroll.Bindings.Provider.BindingProviderService.DiscoverBindings(Assembly testAssembly, String jsonConfiguration) at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Void** arguments, Signature sig, Boolean isConstructor) at System.Reflection.MethodBaseInvoker.InvokeDirectByRefWithFewArgs(Object obj, Span1 copyOfArgs, BindingFlags invokeAttr)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Reflection.MethodBaseInvoker.InvokeDirectByRefWithFewArgs(Object obj, Span1 copyOfArgs, BindingFlags invokeAttr) at System.Reflection.MethodBaseInvoker.InvokeWithFewArgs(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture) at System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke(Object obj, Object[] parameters) at ReqnrollConnector.ReflectionExtensions.ReflectionCallStaticMethod[T](Type type, String methodName, Type[] parameterTypes, Object[] args) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\ReflectionExtensions.cs:line 43 at ReqnrollConnector.ReqnrollProxies.BindingRegistryFactory.GetBindingRegistry(AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext, Assembly testAssembly, Option1 configFile) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\ReqnrollProxies\BindingRegistryFactory.cs:line 17
at ReqnrollConnector.Discovery.ReqnrollDiscoverer.Discover(IBindingRegistryFactory bindingRegistryFactory, AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext, Assembly testAssembly, Option1 configFile) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\Discovery\ReqnrollDiscoverer.cs:line 28 at ReqnrollConnector.Discovery.DiscoveryCommand.<>c__DisplayClass6_0.<Execute>b__0(IBindingRegistryFactory bindingRegistryFactory) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\Discovery\DiscoveryCommand.cs:line 27 at FunctionalExtensions.Map[TSource,TResult](TSource this, Func2 fn) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\FunctionalExtensions.cs:line 5
at ReqnrollConnector.Discovery.DiscoveryCommand.Execute(AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\Discovery\DiscoveryCommand.cs:line 25
at ReqnrollConnector.ReflectionExecutor.<>c__DisplayClass3_0.b__6(DiscoveryCommand cmd) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\ReflectionExecutor.cs:line 84
at FunctionalExtensions.Map[TSource,TResult](TSource this, Func2 fn) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\FunctionalExtensions.cs:line 5 at ReqnrollConnector.ReflectionExecutor.<>c__DisplayClass3_1.<Execute>b__2() in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\ReflectionExecutor.cs:line 82 at EitherAdapters.Try[T](Func1 act) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\Either\EitherAdapters.cs:line 40
Info Found V3.0.0 at D:\source\repos\dev-2026\SourceIntegrationTests\FMS.SyncStress.IntegrationTests\bin\Debug\net8.0\win-x64\Reqnroll.dll
Info Chosen BindingRegistryFactoryVLatest for 300000
Error System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
---> System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Runtime, Version=9.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'System.Runtime, Version=9.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'
at System.ModuleHandle.ResolveType(QCallModule module, Int32 typeToken, IntPtr* typeInstArgs, Int32 typeInstCount, IntPtr* methodInstArgs, Int32 methodInstCount, ObjectHandleOnStack type)
at System.ModuleHandle.ResolveTypeHandle(Int32 typeToken, RuntimeTypeHandle[] typeInstantiationContext, RuntimeTypeHandle[] methodInstantiationContext)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeModule.ResolveType(Int32 metadataToken, Type[] genericTypeArguments, Type[] genericMethodArguments)
at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.FilterCustomAttributeRecord(MetadataToken caCtorToken, MetadataImport& scope, RuntimeModule decoratedModule, MetadataToken decoratedToken, RuntimeType attributeFilterType, Boolean mustBeInheritable, ListBuilder1& derivedAttributes, RuntimeType& attributeType, IRuntimeMethodInfo& ctorWithParameters, Boolean& isVarArg) at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.AddCustomAttributes(ListBuilder1& attributes, RuntimeModule decoratedModule, Int32 decoratedMetadataToken, RuntimeType attributeFilterType, Boolean mustBeInheritable, ListBuilder1 derivedAttributes) at System.Reflection.CustomAttribute.GetCustomAttributes(RuntimeModule decoratedModule, Int32 decoratedMetadataToken, Int32 pcaCount, RuntimeType attributeFilterType) at System.Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(Assembly element, Type attributeType, Boolean inherit) at System.Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(Assembly element, Type attributeType, Boolean inherit) at Reqnroll.Plugins.RuntimePluginLoader.LoadPlugin(String pluginAssemblyPath, ITraceListener traceListener, Boolean traceMissingPluginAttribute) at Reqnroll.Infrastructure.ContainerBuilder.LoadPlugin(String pluginPath, IRuntimePluginLoader pluginLoader, RuntimePluginEvents runtimePluginEvents, UnitTestProviderConfiguration unitTestProviderConfigration, ITraceListener traceListener, Boolean traceMissingPluginAttribute) at Reqnroll.Infrastructure.ContainerBuilder.LoadPlugins(IRuntimeConfigurationProvider configurationProvider, ObjectContainer container, RuntimePluginEvents runtimePluginEvents, ReqnrollConfiguration reqnrollConfiguration, UnitTestProviderConfiguration unitTestProviderConfigration, Assembly testAssembly) at Reqnroll.Infrastructure.ContainerBuilder.CreateGlobalContainer(Assembly testAssembly, IRuntimeConfigurationProvider configurationProvider) at Reqnroll.Bindings.Provider.BindingProviderService.CreateGlobalContainer(Assembly testAssembly, String jsonConfiguration) at Reqnroll.Bindings.Provider.BindingProviderService.DiscoverBindings(Assembly testAssembly, String jsonConfiguration) at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Void** arguments, Signature sig, Boolean isConstructor) at System.Reflection.MethodBaseInvoker.InvokeDirectByRefWithFewArgs(Object obj, Span1 copyOfArgs, BindingFlags invokeAttr)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Reflection.MethodBaseInvoker.InvokeDirectByRefWithFewArgs(Object obj, Span1 copyOfArgs, BindingFlags invokeAttr) at System.Reflection.MethodBaseInvoker.InvokeWithFewArgs(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture) at System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke(Object obj, Object[] parameters) at ReqnrollConnector.ReflectionExtensions.ReflectionCallStaticMethod[T](Type type, String methodName, Type[] parameterTypes, Object[] args) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\ReflectionExtensions.cs:line 43 at ReqnrollConnector.ReqnrollProxies.BindingRegistryFactory.GetBindingRegistry(AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext, Assembly testAssembly, Option1 configFile) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\ReqnrollProxies\BindingRegistryFactory.cs:line 17
at ReqnrollConnector.Discovery.ReqnrollDiscoverer.Discover(IBindingRegistryFactory bindingRegistryFactory, AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext, Assembly testAssembly, Option1 configFile) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\Discovery\ReqnrollDiscoverer.cs:line 28 at ReqnrollConnector.Discovery.DiscoveryCommand.<>c__DisplayClass6_0.<Execute>b__0(IBindingRegistryFactory bindingRegistryFactory) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\Discovery\DiscoveryCommand.cs:line 27 at FunctionalExtensions.Map[TSource,TResult](TSource this, Func2 fn) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\FunctionalExtensions.cs:line 5
at ReqnrollConnector.Discovery.DiscoveryCommand.Execute(AssemblyLoadContext assemblyLoadContext) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\Discovery\DiscoveryCommand.cs:line 25
at ReqnrollConnector.ReflectionExecutor.<>c__DisplayClass3_0.b__6(DiscoveryCommand cmd) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\ReflectionExecutor.cs:line 84
at FunctionalExtensions.Map[TSource,TResult](TSource this, Func2 fn) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\FunctionalExtensions.cs:line 5 at ReqnrollConnector.ReflectionExecutor.<>c__DisplayClass3_1.<Execute>b__2() in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\ReflectionExecutor.cs:line 82 at EitherAdapters.Try[T](Func1 act) in D:\a\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Reqnroll.VisualStudio\Connectors\Reqnroll.VisualStudio.ReqnrollConnector.Generic\NetExtensions\Either\EitherAdapters.cs:line 40
Warning: AndDiscoveryProviderSucceed: The project bindings (e.g. step definitions) could not be discovered. Navigation, step completion and other features are disabled.
Please check the error message above and report to https://github.com/reqnroll/Reqnroll.VisualStudio/issues if you cannot fix.

Steps to Reproduce

We are running with global.json settings of:
"sdk": {
"version": "9.0.308",
"rollForward": "latestMinor"
},

but project has a targetframework of net8.0
our intent is to keep all projects at net8.0 until we can move directly to net10.0

if I update the targetframework in the csproj file to net9.0 all works as expected, but would prefer to keep my test code and production code running against the same version of .net.

Link to a project repository that reproduces the issue

No response

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