Make install_*.sh scripts globally available for all images

[fh-mthomson]

These scripts are concise and clean, but currently only copied into a subset of the images (all Pro/Base, but not *-init nor content?): https://github.com/rstudio/rstudio-docker-products/tree/main/product/base/scripts/ubuntu

Motivating example: to install a specific version of Quarto + TinyTex (related to #904), in each:

1. Pro image (e.g., rstudio/rstudio-connect) -> easy, clean

RUN rm -rf /lib/rstudio-server/bin/quarto && rm -f /usr/local/bin/quarto \
    && HOME="/opt" $SCRIPTS_DIR/install_quarto.sh --install-tinytex --add-path-tinytex \
    && ln -sf /opt/quarto/${QUARTO_VERSION}/bin/quarto /usr/local/bin/quarto

2. Base image (e.g., rstudio/content-base:r4.4.1-py3.12.4-quarto1.4.557) -> more verbose, manual

RUN if [ ! -d "/opt/quarto/${QUARTO_VERSION}" ]; then \
        mkdir -p /opt/quarto/${QUARTO_VERSION} \
        && curl -o quarto.tar.gz -L "https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/releases/download/v${QUARTO_VERSION}/quarto-${QUARTO_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" \
        && tar -zxvf quarto.tar.gz -C "/opt/quarto/${QUARTO_VERSION}" --strip-components=1 \
        && rm quarto.tar.gz; \
    fi \
    && rm -rf /opt/TinyTeX \
    && HOME="/opt" /opt/quarto/${QUARTO_VERSION}/bin/quarto install tinytex --update-path --no-prompt \
    && ln -sf /opt/quarto/${QUARTO_VERSION}/bin/quarto /usr/local/bin/quarto

[fh-mthomson]

Similarly for R versions:

1. Pro:

RUN for r_version in $R_VERSIONS; do \
    R_VERSION=${r_version} ${SCRIPTS_DIR}/install_r.sh; \
    done

RUN ln -sf /opt/R/${DEFAULT_R_VERSION} /opt/R/default \
    && ln -sf /opt/R/${DEFAULT_R_VERSION}/bin/R /usr/local/bin/R \
    && ln -sf /opt/R/${DEFAULT_R_VERSION}/bin/Rscript /usr/local/bin/Rscript

2. Base:

RUN for R_VERSION in ${R_VERSIONS}; do \
        if [ ! -d "/opt/R/${R_VERSION}" ]; then \
            curl -fsSL -O "https://cdn.rstudio.com/r/ubuntu-2204/pkgs/r-${R_VERSION}_1_amd64.deb" \
            && apt-get update \
            && apt-get install -f -y --no-install-recommends "./r-${R_VERSION}_1_amd64.deb" \
            && rm "r-${R_VERSION}_1_amd64.deb"; \
        fi; \
    done \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && ln -sf /opt/R/${DEFAULT_R_VERSION} /opt/R/default \
    && ln -sf /opt/R/${DEFAULT_R_VERSION}/bin/R /usr/local/bin/R \
    && ln -sf /opt/R/${DEFAULT_R_VERSION}/bin/Rscript /usr/local/bin/Rscript