diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs
index 6ca32aca345eb..8cad5b920b913 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/compile.rs
@@ -96,10 +96,36 @@ impl Std {
         }
         deps
     }
+
+    /// Returns true if the standard library will be uplifted from stage 1 for the given
+    /// `build_compiler` (which determines the stdlib stage) and `target`.
+    ///
+    /// Uplifting is enabled if we're building a stage2+ libstd, full bootstrap is
+    /// disabled and we have a stage1 libstd already compiled for the given target.
+    pub fn should_be_uplifted_from_stage_1(
+        builder: &Builder<'_>,
+        stage: u32,
+        target: TargetSelection,
+    ) -> bool {
+        stage > 1
+            && !builder.config.full_bootstrap
+            // This estimates if a stage1 libstd exists for the given target. If we're not
+            // cross-compiling, it should definitely exist by the time we're building a stage2
+            // libstd.
+            // Or if we are cross-compiling, and we are building a cross-compiled rustc, then that
+            // rustc needs to link to a cross-compiled libstd, so again we should have a stage1
+            // libstd for the given target prepared.
+            // Even if we guess wrong in the cross-compiled case, the worst that should happen is
+            // that we build a fresh stage1 libstd below, and then we immediately uplift it, so we
+            // don't pay the libstd build cost twice.
+            && (target == builder.host_target || builder.config.hosts.contains(&target))
+    }
 }
 
 impl Step for Std {
-    type Output = ();
+    /// Build stamp of std, if it was indeed built or uplifted.
+    type Output = Option<BuildStamp>;
+
     const DEFAULT: bool = true;
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
@@ -136,7 +162,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
     /// This will build the standard library for a particular stage of the build
     /// using the `compiler` targeting the `target` architecture. The artifacts
     /// created will also be linked into the sysroot directory.
-    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
+    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Self::Output {
         let target = self.target;
 
         // We already have std ready to be used for stage 0.
@@ -144,7 +170,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
             let compiler = self.build_compiler;
             builder.ensure(StdLink::from_std(self, compiler));
 
-            return;
+            return None;
         }
 
         let build_compiler = if builder.download_rustc() && self.force_recompile {
@@ -169,7 +195,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
                 &sysroot,
                 builder.config.ci_rust_std_contents(),
             );
-            return;
+            return None;
         }
 
         if builder.config.keep_stage.contains(&build_compiler.stage)
@@ -185,7 +211,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
             self.copy_extra_objects(builder, &build_compiler, target);
 
             builder.ensure(StdLink::from_std(self, build_compiler));
-            return;
+            return Some(build_stamp::libstd_stamp(builder, build_compiler, target));
         }
 
         let mut target_deps = builder.ensure(StartupObjects { compiler: build_compiler, target });
@@ -193,24 +219,9 @@ impl Step for Std {
         // Stage of the stdlib that we're building
         let stage = build_compiler.stage;
 
-        // If we're building a stage2+ libstd, full bootstrap is
-        // disabled and we have a stage1 libstd already compiled for the given target,
-        // then simply uplift a previously built stage1 library.
-        if build_compiler.stage > 1
-            && !builder.config.full_bootstrap
-            // This estimates if a stage1 libstd exists for the given target. If we're not
-            // cross-compiling, it should definitely exist by the time we're building a stage2
-            // libstd.
-            // Or if we are cross-compiling, and we are building a cross-compiled rustc, then that
-            // rustc needs to link to a cross-compiled libstd, so again we should have a stage1
-            // libstd for the given target prepared.
-            // Even if we guess wrong in the cross-compiled case, the worst that should happen is
-            // that we build a fresh stage1 libstd below, and then we immediately uplift it, so we
-            // don't pay the libstd build cost twice.
-            && (target == builder.host_target || builder.config.hosts.contains(&target))
-        {
+        if Self::should_be_uplifted_from_stage_1(builder, build_compiler.stage, target) {
             let build_compiler_for_std_to_uplift = builder.compiler(1, builder.host_target);
-            builder.std(build_compiler_for_std_to_uplift, target);
+            let stage_1_stamp = builder.std(build_compiler_for_std_to_uplift, target);
 
             let msg = if build_compiler_for_std_to_uplift.host == target {
                 format!(
@@ -231,7 +242,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
             self.copy_extra_objects(builder, &build_compiler, target);
 
             builder.ensure(StdLink::from_std(self, build_compiler_for_std_to_uplift));
-            return;
+            return stage_1_stamp;
         }
 
         target_deps.extend(self.copy_extra_objects(builder, &build_compiler, target));
@@ -284,11 +295,13 @@ impl Step for Std {
             build_compiler,
             target,
         );
+
+        let stamp = build_stamp::libstd_stamp(builder, build_compiler, target);
         run_cargo(
             builder,
             cargo,
             vec![],
-            &build_stamp::libstd_stamp(builder, build_compiler, target),
+            &stamp,
             target_deps,
             self.is_for_mir_opt_tests, // is_check
             false,
@@ -298,6 +311,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
             self,
             builder.compiler(build_compiler.stage, builder.config.host_target),
         ));
+        Some(stamp)
     }
 
     fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs
index daac75c03e2d7..3c322256cf277 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ use tracing::instrument;
 
 use crate::core::build_steps::compile::{get_codegen_backend_file, normalize_codegen_backend_name};
 use crate::core::build_steps::doc::DocumentationFormat;
-use crate::core::build_steps::tool::{self, RustcPrivateCompilers, Tool};
+use crate::core::build_steps::tool::{
+    self, RustcPrivateCompilers, Tool, ToolTargetBuildMode, get_tool_target_compiler,
+};
 use crate::core::build_steps::vendor::{VENDOR_DIR, Vendor};
 use crate::core::build_steps::{compile, llvm};
 use crate::core::builder::{Builder, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step, StepMetadata};
@@ -75,7 +77,10 @@ impl Step for Docs {
     /// Builds the `rust-docs` installer component.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
         let host = self.host;
-        builder.default_doc(&[]);
+        // FIXME: explicitly enumerate the steps that should be executed here, and gather their
+        // documentation, rather than running all default steps and then read their output
+        // from a shared directory.
+        builder.run_default_doc_steps();
 
         let dest = "share/doc/rust/html";
 
@@ -132,13 +137,20 @@ impl Step for JsonDocs {
     }
 }
 
+/// Builds the `rustc-docs` installer component.
+/// Apart from the documentation of the `rustc_*` crates, it also includes the documentation of
+/// various in-tree helper tools (bootstrap, build_helper, tidy),
+/// and also rustc_private tools like rustdoc, clippy, miri or rustfmt.
+///
+/// It is currently hosted at <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc>.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct RustcDocs {
-    pub host: TargetSelection,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for RustcDocs {
-    type Output = Option<GeneratedTarball>;
+    type Output = GeneratedTarball;
+
     const DEFAULT: bool = true;
     const IS_HOST: bool = true;
 
@@ -148,18 +160,17 @@ impl Step for RustcDocs {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        run.builder.ensure(RustcDocs { host: run.target });
+        run.builder.ensure(RustcDocs { target: run.target });
     }
 
-    /// Builds the `rustc-docs` installer component.
-    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
-        let host = self.host;
-        builder.default_doc(&[]);
+    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Self::Output {
+        let target = self.target;
+        builder.run_default_doc_steps();
 
-        let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rustc-docs", &host.triple);
+        let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rustc-docs", &target.triple);
         tarball.set_product_name("Rustc Documentation");
-        tarball.add_bulk_dir(builder.compiler_doc_out(host), "share/doc/rust/html/rustc");
-        Some(tarball.generate())
+        tarball.add_bulk_dir(builder.compiler_doc_out(target), "share/doc/rust/html/rustc");
+        tarball.generate()
     }
 }
 
@@ -354,9 +365,13 @@ fn get_cc_search_dirs(
     (bin_path, lib_path)
 }
 
+/// Builds the `rust-mingw` installer component.
+///
+/// This contains all the bits and pieces to run the MinGW Windows targets
+/// without any extra installed software (e.g., we bundle gcc, libraries, etc.).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Mingw {
-    pub host: TargetSelection,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for Mingw {
@@ -368,39 +383,46 @@ impl Step for Mingw {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        run.builder.ensure(Mingw { host: run.target });
+        run.builder.ensure(Mingw { target: run.target });
     }
 
-    /// Builds the `rust-mingw` installer component.
-    ///
-    /// This contains all the bits and pieces to run the MinGW Windows targets
-    /// without any extra installed software (e.g., we bundle gcc, libraries, etc).
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
-        let host = self.host;
-        if !host.ends_with("pc-windows-gnu") || !builder.config.dist_include_mingw_linker {
+        let target = self.target;
+        if !target.ends_with("pc-windows-gnu") || !builder.config.dist_include_mingw_linker {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rust-mingw", &host.triple);
+        let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rust-mingw", &target.triple);
         tarball.set_product_name("Rust MinGW");
 
-        make_win_dist(tarball.image_dir(), host, builder);
+        make_win_dist(tarball.image_dir(), target, builder);
 
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
 
     fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
-        Some(StepMetadata::dist("mingw", self.host))
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("mingw", self.target))
     }
 }
 
+/// Creates the `rustc` installer component.
+///
+/// This includes:
+/// - The compiler and LLVM.
+/// - Debugger scripts.
+/// - Various helper tools, e.g. LLD or Rust Analyzer proc-macro server (if enabled).
+/// - The licenses of all code used by the compiler.
+///
+/// It does not include any standard library.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Rustc {
-    pub compiler: Compiler,
+    /// This is the compiler that we will *ship* in this dist step.
+    pub target_compiler: Compiler,
 }
 
 impl Step for Rustc {
     type Output = GeneratedTarball;
+
     const DEFAULT: bool = true;
     const IS_HOST: bool = true;
 
@@ -409,19 +431,19 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        run.builder
-            .ensure(Rustc { compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.target) });
+        run.builder.ensure(Rustc {
+            target_compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
+        });
     }
 
-    /// Creates the `rustc` installer component.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> GeneratedTarball {
-        let compiler = self.compiler;
-        let host = self.compiler.host;
+        let target_compiler = self.target_compiler;
+        let target = self.target_compiler.host;
 
-        let tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rustc", &host.triple);
+        let tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rustc", &target.triple);
 
         // Prepare the rustc "image", what will actually end up getting installed
-        prepare_image(builder, compiler, tarball.image_dir());
+        prepare_image(builder, target_compiler, tarball.image_dir());
 
         // On MinGW we've got a few runtime DLL dependencies that we need to
         // include.
@@ -430,16 +452,16 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
         // anything requiring us to distribute a license, but it's likely the
         // install will *also* include the rust-mingw package, which also needs
         // licenses, so to be safe we just include it here in all MinGW packages.
-        if host.contains("pc-windows-gnu") && builder.config.dist_include_mingw_linker {
-            runtime_dll_dist(tarball.image_dir(), host, builder);
+        if target.contains("pc-windows-gnu") && builder.config.dist_include_mingw_linker {
+            runtime_dll_dist(tarball.image_dir(), target, builder);
             tarball.add_dir(builder.src.join("src/etc/third-party"), "share/doc");
         }
 
         return tarball.generate();
 
-        fn prepare_image(builder: &Builder<'_>, compiler: Compiler, image: &Path) {
-            let host = compiler.host;
-            let src = builder.sysroot(compiler);
+        fn prepare_image(builder: &Builder<'_>, target_compiler: Compiler, image: &Path) {
+            let target = target_compiler.host;
+            let src = builder.sysroot(target_compiler);
 
             // Copy rustc binary
             t!(fs::create_dir_all(image.join("bin")));
@@ -452,17 +474,11 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
                 .as_ref()
                 .is_none_or(|tools| tools.iter().any(|tool| tool == "rustdoc"))
             {
-                let rustdoc = builder.rustdoc_for_compiler(compiler);
+                let rustdoc = builder.rustdoc_for_compiler(target_compiler);
                 builder.install(&rustdoc, &image.join("bin"), FileType::Executable);
             }
 
-            let ra_proc_macro_srv_compiler =
-                builder.compiler_for(compiler.stage, builder.config.host_target, compiler.host);
-            let compilers = RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(
-                builder,
-                ra_proc_macro_srv_compiler,
-                compiler.host,
-            );
+            let compilers = RustcPrivateCompilers::from_target_compiler(builder, target_compiler);
 
             if let Some(ra_proc_macro_srv) = builder.ensure_if_default(
                 tool::RustAnalyzerProcMacroSrv::from_compilers(compilers),
@@ -472,11 +488,11 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
                 builder.install(&ra_proc_macro_srv.tool_path, &dst, FileType::Executable);
             }
 
-            let libdir_relative = builder.libdir_relative(compiler);
+            let libdir_relative = builder.libdir_relative(target_compiler);
 
             // Copy runtime DLLs needed by the compiler
             if libdir_relative.to_str() != Some("bin") {
-                let libdir = builder.rustc_libdir(compiler);
+                let libdir = builder.rustc_libdir(target_compiler);
                 for entry in builder.read_dir(&libdir) {
                     // A safeguard that we will not ship libgccjit.so from the libdir, in case the
                     // GCC codegen backend is enabled by default.
@@ -503,15 +519,15 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
             // components like the llvm tools and LLD. LLD is included below and
             // tools/LLDB come later, so let's just throw it in the rustc
             // component for now.
-            maybe_install_llvm_runtime(builder, host, image);
+            maybe_install_llvm_runtime(builder, target, image);
 
-            let dst_dir = image.join("lib/rustlib").join(host).join("bin");
+            let dst_dir = image.join("lib/rustlib").join(target).join("bin");
             t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dst_dir));
 
             // Copy over lld if it's there
             if builder.config.lld_enabled {
-                let src_dir = builder.sysroot_target_bindir(compiler, host);
-                let rust_lld = exe("rust-lld", compiler.host);
+                let src_dir = builder.sysroot_target_bindir(target_compiler, target);
+                let rust_lld = exe("rust-lld", target_compiler.host);
                 builder.copy_link(
                     &src_dir.join(&rust_lld),
                     &dst_dir.join(&rust_lld),
@@ -521,7 +537,7 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
                 let self_contained_lld_dst_dir = dst_dir.join("gcc-ld");
                 t!(fs::create_dir(&self_contained_lld_dst_dir));
                 for name in crate::LLD_FILE_NAMES {
-                    let exe_name = exe(name, compiler.host);
+                    let exe_name = exe(name, target_compiler.host);
                     builder.copy_link(
                         &self_contained_lld_src_dir.join(&exe_name),
                         &self_contained_lld_dst_dir.join(&exe_name),
@@ -530,10 +546,12 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
                 }
             }
 
-            if builder.config.llvm_enabled(compiler.host) && builder.config.llvm_tools_enabled {
-                let src_dir = builder.sysroot_target_bindir(compiler, host);
-                let llvm_objcopy = exe("llvm-objcopy", compiler.host);
-                let rust_objcopy = exe("rust-objcopy", compiler.host);
+            if builder.config.llvm_enabled(target_compiler.host)
+                && builder.config.llvm_tools_enabled
+            {
+                let src_dir = builder.sysroot_target_bindir(target_compiler, target);
+                let llvm_objcopy = exe("llvm-objcopy", target_compiler.host);
+                let rust_objcopy = exe("rust-objcopy", target_compiler.host);
                 builder.copy_link(
                     &src_dir.join(&llvm_objcopy),
                     &dst_dir.join(&rust_objcopy),
@@ -542,8 +560,8 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
             }
 
             if builder.tool_enabled("wasm-component-ld") {
-                let src_dir = builder.sysroot_target_bindir(compiler, host);
-                let ld = exe("wasm-component-ld", compiler.host);
+                let src_dir = builder.sysroot_target_bindir(target_compiler, target);
+                let ld = exe("wasm-component-ld", target_compiler.host);
                 builder.copy_link(&src_dir.join(&ld), &dst_dir.join(&ld), FileType::Executable);
             }
 
@@ -564,7 +582,7 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
             }
 
             // Debugger scripts
-            builder.ensure(DebuggerScripts { sysroot: image.to_owned(), host });
+            builder.ensure(DebuggerScripts { sysroot: image.to_owned(), target });
 
             // HTML copyright files
             let file_list = builder.ensure(super::run::GenerateCopyright);
@@ -590,14 +608,16 @@ impl Step for Rustc {
     }
 
     fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
-        Some(StepMetadata::dist("rustc", self.compiler.host))
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("rustc", self.target_compiler.host))
     }
 }
 
+/// Copies debugger scripts for `target` into the given compiler `sysroot`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct DebuggerScripts {
+    /// Sysroot of a compiler into which will the debugger scripts be copied to.
     pub sysroot: PathBuf,
-    pub host: TargetSelection,
+    pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for DebuggerScripts {
@@ -607,16 +627,15 @@ impl Step for DebuggerScripts {
         run.never()
     }
 
-    /// Copies debugger scripts for `target` into the `sysroot` specified.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
-        let host = self.host;
+        let target = self.target;
         let sysroot = self.sysroot;
         let dst = sysroot.join("lib/rustlib/etc");
         t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dst));
         let cp_debugger_script = |file: &str| {
             builder.install(&builder.src.join("src/etc/").join(file), &dst, FileType::Regular);
         };
-        if host.contains("windows-msvc") {
+        if target.contains("windows-msvc") {
             // windbg debugger scripts
             builder.install(
                 &builder.src.join("src/etc/rust-windbg.cmd"),
@@ -730,12 +749,28 @@ fn copy_target_libs(
     }
 }
 
+/// Builds the standard library (`rust-std`) dist component for a given `target`.
+/// This includes the standard library dynamic library file (e.g. .so/.dll), along with stdlib
+/// .rlibs.
+///
+/// Note that due to uplifting, we actually ship the stage 1 library
+/// (built using the stage1 compiler) even with a stage 2 dist, unless `full-bootstrap` is enabled.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Std {
-    pub compiler: Compiler,
+    /// Compiler that will build the standard library.
+    pub build_compiler: Compiler,
     pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
+impl Std {
+    pub fn new(builder: &Builder<'_>, target: TargetSelection) -> Self {
+        Std {
+            build_compiler: builder.compiler(builder.top_stage, builder.config.host_target),
+            target,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Step for Std {
     type Output = Option<GeneratedTarball>;
     const DEFAULT: bool = true;
@@ -745,31 +780,25 @@ impl Step for Std {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
-        run.builder.ensure(Std {
-            compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
-            target: run.target,
-        });
+        run.builder.ensure(Std::new(run.builder, run.target));
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
-        let compiler = self.compiler;
+        let build_compiler = self.build_compiler;
         let target = self.target;
 
-        if skip_host_target_lib(builder, compiler) {
+        if skip_host_target_lib(builder, build_compiler) {
             return None;
         }
 
-        builder.std(compiler, target);
+        // It's possible that std was uplifted and thus built with a different build compiler
+        // So we need to read the stamp that was actually generated when std was built
+        let stamp =
+            builder.std(build_compiler, target).expect("Standard library has to be built for dist");
 
         let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rust-std", &target.triple);
         tarball.include_target_in_component_name(true);
 
-        let compiler_to_use = builder.compiler_for(compiler.stage, compiler.host, target);
-        let stamp = build_stamp::libstd_stamp(builder, compiler_to_use, target);
         verify_uefi_rlib_format(builder, target, &stamp);
         copy_target_libs(builder, target, tarball.image_dir(), &stamp);
 
@@ -777,7 +806,7 @@ impl Step for Std {
     }
 
     fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
-        Some(StepMetadata::dist("std", self.target).built_by(self.compiler))
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("std", self.target).built_by(self.build_compiler))
     }
 }
 
@@ -787,8 +816,9 @@ impl Step for Std {
 /// (Don't confuse this with [`RustDev`], without the `c`!)
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct RustcDev {
-    pub compiler: Compiler,
-    pub target: TargetSelection,
+    /// The compiler that will build rustc which will be shipped in this component.
+    build_compiler: Compiler,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for RustcDev {
@@ -802,28 +832,27 @@ impl Step for RustcDev {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(RustcDev {
-            compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            // We currently always ship a stage 2 rustc-dev component, so we build it with the
+            // stage 1 compiler. This might change in the future.
+            // The precise stage used here is important, so we hard-code it.
+            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler(1, run.builder.config.host_target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
-        let compiler = self.compiler;
+        let build_compiler = self.build_compiler;
         let target = self.target;
-        if skip_host_target_lib(builder, compiler) {
+        if skip_host_target_lib(builder, build_compiler) {
             return None;
         }
 
-        builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(compiler, target));
+        // Build the compiler that we will ship
+        builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(build_compiler, target));
 
         let tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rustc-dev", &target.triple);
 
-        let compiler_to_use = builder.compiler_for(compiler.stage, compiler.host, target);
-        let stamp = build_stamp::librustc_stamp(builder, compiler_to_use, target);
+        let stamp = build_stamp::librustc_stamp(builder, build_compiler, target);
         copy_target_libs(builder, target, tarball.image_dir(), &stamp);
 
         let src_files = &["Cargo.lock"];
@@ -847,16 +876,25 @@ impl Step for RustcDev {
 
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("rustc-dev", self.target).built_by(self.build_compiler))
+    }
 }
 
+/// The `rust-analysis` component used to create a tarball of save-analysis metadata.
+///
+/// This component has been deprecated and its contents now only include a warning about
+/// its non-availability.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Analysis {
-    pub compiler: Compiler,
-    pub target: TargetSelection,
+    build_compiler: Compiler,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for Analysis {
     type Output = Option<GeneratedTarball>;
+
     const DEFAULT: bool = true;
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
@@ -865,24 +903,17 @@ impl Step for Analysis {
     }
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
+        // The step just produces a deprecation notice, so we just hardcode stage 1
         run.builder.ensure(Analysis {
-            // Find the actual compiler (handling the full bootstrap option) which
-            // produced the save-analysis data because that data isn't copied
-            // through the sysroot uplifting.
-            compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler(1, run.builder.config.host_target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
 
-    /// Creates a tarball of (degenerate) save-analysis metadata, if available.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
-        let compiler = self.compiler;
+        let compiler = self.build_compiler;
         let target = self.target;
-        if !builder.config.is_host_target(compiler.host) {
+        if skip_host_target_lib(builder, compiler) {
             return None;
         }
 
@@ -905,6 +936,10 @@ impl Step for Analysis {
         tarball.add_dir(src, format!("lib/rustlib/{}/analysis", target.triple));
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("analysis", self.target).built_by(self.build_compiler))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Use the `builder` to make a filtered copy of `base`/X for X in (`src_dirs` - `exclude_dirs`) to
@@ -1251,10 +1286,9 @@ impl Step for Cargo {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(Cargo {
-            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
+            build_compiler: get_tool_target_compiler(
+                run.builder,
+                ToolTargetBuildMode::Build(run.target),
             ),
             target: run.target,
         });
@@ -1285,11 +1319,16 @@ impl Step for Cargo {
 
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("cargo", self.target).built_by(self.build_compiler))
+    }
 }
 
+/// Distribute the rust-analyzer component, which is used as a LSP by various IDEs.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct RustAnalyzer {
-    pub build_compiler: Compiler,
+    pub compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers,
     pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -1305,21 +1344,14 @@ impl Step for RustAnalyzer {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(RustAnalyzer {
-            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::new(run.builder, run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
         let target = self.target;
-        let compilers =
-            RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target);
-
-        let rust_analyzer = builder.ensure(tool::RustAnalyzer::from_compilers(compilers));
+        let rust_analyzer = builder.ensure(tool::RustAnalyzer::from_compilers(self.compilers));
 
         let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rust-analyzer", &target.triple);
         tarball.set_overlay(OverlayKind::RustAnalyzer);
@@ -1328,11 +1360,18 @@ impl Step for RustAnalyzer {
         tarball.add_legal_and_readme_to("share/doc/rust-analyzer");
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(
+            StepMetadata::dist("rust-analyzer", self.target)
+                .built_by(self.compilers.build_compiler()),
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Clippy {
-    pub build_compiler: Compiler,
+    pub compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers,
     pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -1348,25 +1387,19 @@ impl Step for Clippy {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(Clippy {
-            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::new(run.builder, run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
         let target = self.target;
-        let compilers =
-            RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, target);
 
         // Prepare the image directory
         // We expect clippy to build, because we've exited this step above if tool
         // state for clippy isn't testing.
-        let clippy = builder.ensure(tool::Clippy::from_compilers(compilers));
-        let cargoclippy = builder.ensure(tool::CargoClippy::from_compilers(compilers));
+        let clippy = builder.ensure(tool::Clippy::from_compilers(self.compilers));
+        let cargoclippy = builder.ensure(tool::CargoClippy::from_compilers(self.compilers));
 
         let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "clippy", &target.triple);
         tarball.set_overlay(OverlayKind::Clippy);
@@ -1376,11 +1409,15 @@ impl Step for Clippy {
         tarball.add_legal_and_readme_to("share/doc/clippy");
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("clippy", self.target).built_by(self.compilers.build_compiler()))
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Miri {
-    pub build_compiler: Compiler,
+    pub compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers,
     pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -1396,11 +1433,7 @@ impl Step for Miri {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(Miri {
-            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::new(run.builder, run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
@@ -1413,10 +1446,8 @@ impl Step for Miri {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let compilers =
-            RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target);
-        let miri = builder.ensure(tool::Miri::from_compilers(compilers));
-        let cargomiri = builder.ensure(tool::CargoMiri::from_compilers(compilers));
+        let miri = builder.ensure(tool::Miri::from_compilers(self.compilers));
+        let cargomiri = builder.ensure(tool::CargoMiri::from_compilers(self.compilers));
 
         let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "miri", &self.target.triple);
         tarball.set_overlay(OverlayKind::Miri);
@@ -1426,11 +1457,15 @@ impl Step for Miri {
         tarball.add_legal_and_readme_to("share/doc/miri");
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("miri", self.target).built_by(self.compilers.build_compiler()))
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct CraneliftCodegenBackend {
-    pub build_compiler: Compiler,
+    pub compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers,
     pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -1454,11 +1489,7 @@ impl Step for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(CraneliftCodegenBackend {
-            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::new(run.builder, run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
@@ -1472,8 +1503,6 @@ impl Step for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
         }
 
         let target = self.target;
-        let compilers =
-            RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, target);
         if !target_supports_cranelift_backend(target) {
             builder.info("target not supported by rustc_codegen_cranelift. skipping");
             return None;
@@ -1484,6 +1513,7 @@ impl Step for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
         tarball.is_preview(true);
         tarball.add_legal_and_readme_to("share/doc/rustc_codegen_cranelift");
 
+        let compilers = self.compilers;
         let stamp = builder.ensure(compile::CraneliftCodegenBackend { compilers });
 
         if builder.config.dry_run() {
@@ -1513,15 +1543,15 @@ impl Step for CraneliftCodegenBackend {
 
     fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
         Some(
-            StepMetadata::dist("rustc_codegen_cranelift", self.build_compiler.host)
-                .built_by(self.build_compiler),
+            StepMetadata::dist("rustc_codegen_cranelift", self.target)
+                .built_by(self.compilers.build_compiler()),
         )
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Rustfmt {
-    pub build_compiler: Compiler,
+    pub compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers,
     pub target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -1537,21 +1567,14 @@ impl Step for Rustfmt {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(Rustfmt {
-            build_compiler: run.builder.compiler_for(
-                run.builder.top_stage,
-                run.builder.config.host_target,
-                run.target,
-            ),
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::new(run.builder, run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> Option<GeneratedTarball> {
-        let compilers =
-            RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target);
-
-        let rustfmt = builder.ensure(tool::Rustfmt::from_compilers(compilers));
-        let cargofmt = builder.ensure(tool::Cargofmt::from_compilers(compilers));
+        let rustfmt = builder.ensure(tool::Rustfmt::from_compilers(self.compilers));
+        let cargofmt = builder.ensure(tool::Cargofmt::from_compilers(self.compilers));
 
         let mut tarball = Tarball::new(builder, "rustfmt", &self.target.triple);
         tarball.set_overlay(OverlayKind::Rustfmt);
@@ -1561,12 +1584,16 @@ impl Step for Rustfmt {
         tarball.add_legal_and_readme_to("share/doc/rustfmt");
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("rustfmt", self.target).built_by(self.compilers.build_compiler()))
+    }
 }
 
+/// Extended archive that contains the compiler, standard library and a bunch of tools.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Extended {
-    stage: u32,
-    host: TargetSelection,
+    build_compiler: Compiler,
     target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
@@ -1582,8 +1609,9 @@ impl Step for Extended {
 
     fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
         run.builder.ensure(Extended {
-            stage: run.builder.top_stage,
-            host: run.builder.config.host_target,
+            build_compiler: run
+                .builder
+                .compiler(run.builder.top_stage - 1, run.builder.host_target),
             target: run.target,
         });
     }
@@ -1591,10 +1619,7 @@ impl Step for Extended {
     /// Creates a combined installer for the specified target in the provided stage.
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         let target = self.target;
-        let stage = self.stage;
-        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(self.stage, self.host, self.target);
-
-        builder.info(&format!("Dist extended stage{} ({})", compiler.stage, target));
+        builder.info(&format!("Dist extended stage{} ({target})", builder.top_stage));
 
         let mut tarballs = Vec::new();
         let mut built_tools = HashSet::new();
@@ -1607,34 +1632,38 @@ impl Step for Extended {
             };
         }
 
-        let target_compiler = builder.compiler(stage, target);
+        let rustc_private_compilers =
+            RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, target);
+        let build_compiler = rustc_private_compilers.build_compiler();
+        let target_compiler = rustc_private_compilers.target_compiler();
+
         // When rust-std package split from rustc, we needed to ensure that during
         // upgrades rustc was upgraded before rust-std. To avoid rustc clobbering
         // the std files during uninstall. To do this ensure that rustc comes
         // before rust-std in the list below.
-        tarballs.push(builder.ensure(Rustc { compiler: target_compiler }));
-        tarballs.push(builder.ensure(Std { compiler, target }).expect("missing std"));
+        tarballs.push(builder.ensure(Rustc { target_compiler }));
+        tarballs.push(builder.ensure(Std { build_compiler, target }).expect("missing std"));
 
         if target.is_windows_gnu() {
-            tarballs.push(builder.ensure(Mingw { host: target }).expect("missing mingw"));
+            tarballs.push(builder.ensure(Mingw { target }).expect("missing mingw"));
         }
 
         add_component!("rust-docs" => Docs { host: target });
         // Std stage N is documented with compiler stage N
         add_component!("rust-json-docs" => JsonDocs { build_compiler: target_compiler, target });
-        add_component!("cargo" => Cargo { build_compiler: compiler, target });
-        add_component!("rustfmt" => Rustfmt { build_compiler: compiler, target });
-        add_component!("rust-analyzer" => RustAnalyzer { build_compiler: compiler, target });
+        add_component!("cargo" => Cargo { build_compiler, target });
+        add_component!("rustfmt" => Rustfmt { compilers: rustc_private_compilers, target });
+        add_component!("rust-analyzer" => RustAnalyzer { compilers: rustc_private_compilers, target });
         add_component!("llvm-components" => LlvmTools { target });
-        add_component!("clippy" => Clippy { build_compiler: compiler, target });
-        add_component!("miri" => Miri { build_compiler: compiler, target });
-        add_component!("analysis" => Analysis { compiler, target });
+        add_component!("clippy" => Clippy { compilers: rustc_private_compilers, target });
+        add_component!("miri" => Miri { compilers: rustc_private_compilers, target });
+        add_component!("analysis" => Analysis { build_compiler, target });
         add_component!("rustc-codegen-cranelift" => CraneliftCodegenBackend {
-            build_compiler: compiler,
+            compilers: rustc_private_compilers,
             target
         });
         add_component!("llvm-bitcode-linker" => LlvmBitcodeLinker {
-            build_compiler: compiler,
+            build_compiler,
             target
         });
 
@@ -2100,6 +2129,10 @@ impl Step for Extended {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("extended", self.target).built_by(self.build_compiler))
+    }
 }
 
 fn add_env(
@@ -2562,15 +2595,17 @@ impl Step for RustDev {
 
 /// Tarball intended for internal consumption to ease rustc/std development.
 ///
+/// It only packages the binaries that were already compiled when bootstrap itself was built.
+///
 /// Should not be considered stable by end users.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Bootstrap {
-    pub target: TargetSelection,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for Bootstrap {
     type Output = Option<GeneratedTarball>;
-    const DEFAULT: bool = false;
+
     const IS_HOST: bool = true;
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
@@ -2597,6 +2632,10 @@ impl Step for Bootstrap {
 
         Some(tarball.generate())
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("bootstrap", self.target))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Tarball containing a prebuilt version of the build-manifest tool, intended to be used by the
@@ -2605,12 +2644,12 @@ impl Step for Bootstrap {
 /// Should not be considered stable by end users.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub struct BuildManifest {
-    pub target: TargetSelection,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for BuildManifest {
     type Output = GeneratedTarball;
-    const DEFAULT: bool = false;
+
     const IS_HOST: bool = true;
 
     fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
@@ -2628,16 +2667,20 @@ impl Step for BuildManifest {
         tarball.add_file(&build_manifest, "bin", FileType::Executable);
         tarball.generate()
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("build-manifest", self.target))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Tarball containing artifacts necessary to reproduce the build of rustc.
 ///
-/// Currently this is the PGO profile data.
+/// Currently this is the PGO (and possibly BOLT) profile data.
 ///
 /// Should not be considered stable by end users.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ReproducibleArtifacts {
-    pub target: TargetSelection,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for ReproducibleArtifacts {
@@ -2670,6 +2713,10 @@ impl Step for ReproducibleArtifacts {
         }
         if added_anything { Some(tarball.generate()) } else { None }
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("reproducible-artifacts", self.target))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Tarball containing a prebuilt version of the libgccjit library,
@@ -2677,7 +2724,7 @@ impl Step for ReproducibleArtifacts {
 /// backend needing a prebuilt libLLVM).
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Gcc {
-    pub target: TargetSelection,
+    target: TargetSelection,
 }
 
 impl Step for Gcc {
@@ -2697,4 +2744,8 @@ impl Step for Gcc {
         tarball.add_file(&output.libgccjit, "lib", FileType::NativeLibrary);
         tarball.generate()
     }
+
+    fn metadata(&self) -> Option<StepMetadata> {
+        Some(StepMetadata::dist("gcc", self.target))
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/doc.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/doc.rs
index 7fe19c00ef5fa..8c20c8c479af0 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/doc.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/doc.rs
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ fn doc_std(
 
     let description =
         format!("library{} in {} format", crate_description(requested_crates), format.as_str());
-    let _guard = builder.msg(Kind::Doc, description, None, build_compiler, target);
+    let _guard = builder.msg(Kind::Doc, description, Mode::Std, build_compiler, target);
 
     cargo.into_cmd().run(builder);
     builder.cp_link_r(&out_dir, out);
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ macro_rules! tool_doc {
                     (compilers.build_compiler(), Mode::ToolRustc)
                 } else {
                     // bootstrap/host tools have to be documented with the stage 0 compiler
-                    (prepare_doc_compiler(run.builder, target, 1), Mode::ToolBootstrap)
+                    (prepare_doc_compiler(run.builder, run.builder.host_target, 1), Mode::ToolBootstrap)
                 };
 
                 run.builder.ensure($tool { build_compiler, mode, target });
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/install.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/install.rs
index 4457258e9cdd0..ce68dbf5a2010 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/install.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/install.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
 use std::{env, fs};
 
 use crate::core::build_steps::dist;
+use crate::core::build_steps::tool::RustcPrivateCompilers;
 use crate::core::builder::{Builder, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
 use crate::core::config::{Config, TargetSelection};
 use crate::utils::exec::command;
@@ -64,17 +65,14 @@ fn is_dir_writable_for_user(dir: &Path) -> bool {
 fn install_sh(
     builder: &Builder<'_>,
     package: &str,
-    stage: u32,
-    host: Option<TargetSelection>,
+    build_compiler: impl Into<Option<Compiler>>,
+    target: Option<TargetSelection>,
     tarball: &GeneratedTarball,
 ) {
-    let _guard = builder.msg(
-        Kind::Install,
-        package,
-        None,
-        (host.unwrap_or(builder.host_target), stage),
-        host,
-    );
+    let _guard = match build_compiler.into() {
+        Some(build_compiler) => builder.msg(Kind::Install, package, None, build_compiler, target),
+        None => builder.msg_unstaged(Kind::Install, package, target.unwrap_or(builder.host_target)),
+    };
 
     let prefix = default_path(&builder.config.prefix, "/usr/local");
     let sysconfdir = prefix.join(default_path(&builder.config.sysconfdir, "/etc"));
@@ -166,10 +164,10 @@ macro_rules! install {
        IS_HOST: $IS_HOST:expr,
        $run_item:block $(, $c:ident)*;)+) => {
         $(
-            #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
         pub struct $name {
-            pub compiler: Compiler,
-            pub target: TargetSelection,
+            build_compiler: Compiler,
+            target: TargetSelection,
         }
 
         impl $name {
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ macro_rules! install {
 
             fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
                 run.builder.ensure($name {
-                    compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.builder.config.host_target),
+                    build_compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage - 1, run.builder.config.host_target),
                     target: run.target,
                 });
             }
@@ -208,96 +206,95 @@ macro_rules! install {
 install!((self, builder, _config),
     Docs, path = "src/doc", _config.docs, IS_HOST: false, {
         let tarball = builder.ensure(dist::Docs { host: self.target }).expect("missing docs");
-        install_sh(builder, "docs", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        install_sh(builder, "docs", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
     };
     Std, path = "library/std", true, IS_HOST: false, {
         // `expect` should be safe, only None when host != build, but this
         // only runs when host == build
-        let tarball = builder.ensure(dist::Std {
-            compiler: self.compiler,
-            target: self.target
-        }).expect("missing std");
-        install_sh(builder, "std", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        let std = dist::Std::new(builder, self.target);
+        let build_compiler = std.build_compiler;
+        let tarball = builder.ensure(std).expect("missing std");
+        install_sh(builder, "std", build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
     };
     Cargo, alias = "cargo", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
         let tarball = builder
-            .ensure(dist::Cargo { build_compiler: self.compiler, target: self.target })
+            .ensure(dist::Cargo { build_compiler: self.build_compiler, target: self.target })
             .expect("missing cargo");
-        install_sh(builder, "cargo", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        install_sh(builder, "cargo", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
     };
     RustAnalyzer, alias = "rust-analyzer", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
         if let Some(tarball) =
-            builder.ensure(dist::RustAnalyzer { build_compiler: self.compiler, target: self.target })
+            builder.ensure(dist::RustAnalyzer { compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target), target: self.target })
         {
-            install_sh(builder, "rust-analyzer", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+            install_sh(builder, "rust-analyzer", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
         } else {
             builder.info(
-                &format!("skipping Install rust-analyzer stage{} ({})", self.compiler.stage, self.target),
+                &format!("skipping Install rust-analyzer stage{} ({})", self.build_compiler.stage + 1, self.target),
             );
         }
     };
     Clippy, alias = "clippy", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
         let tarball = builder
-            .ensure(dist::Clippy { build_compiler: self.compiler, target: self.target })
+            .ensure(dist::Clippy { compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target), target: self.target })
             .expect("missing clippy");
-        install_sh(builder, "clippy", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        install_sh(builder, "clippy", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
     };
     Miri, alias = "miri", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
-        if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::Miri { build_compiler: self.compiler, target: self.target }) {
-            install_sh(builder, "miri", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::Miri { compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target) , target: self.target }) {
+            install_sh(builder, "miri", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
         } else {
             // Miri is only available on nightly
             builder.info(
-                &format!("skipping Install miri stage{} ({})", self.compiler.stage, self.target),
+                &format!("skipping Install miri stage{} ({})", self.build_compiler.stage + 1, self.target),
             );
         }
     };
     LlvmTools, alias = "llvm-tools", _config.llvm_tools_enabled && _config.llvm_enabled(_config.host_target), IS_HOST: true, {
         if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::LlvmTools { target: self.target }) {
-            install_sh(builder, "llvm-tools", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+            install_sh(builder, "llvm-tools", None, Some(self.target), &tarball);
         } else {
             builder.info(
-                &format!("skipping llvm-tools stage{} ({}): external LLVM", self.compiler.stage, self.target),
+                &format!("skipping llvm-tools ({}): external LLVM", self.target),
             );
         }
     };
     Rustfmt, alias = "rustfmt", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
         if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::Rustfmt {
-            build_compiler: self.compiler,
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target),
             target: self.target
         }) {
-            install_sh(builder, "rustfmt", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+            install_sh(builder, "rustfmt", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
         } else {
             builder.info(
-                &format!("skipping Install Rustfmt stage{} ({})", self.compiler.stage, self.target),
+                &format!("skipping Install Rustfmt stage{} ({})", self.build_compiler.stage + 1, self.target),
             );
         }
     };
     Rustc, path = "compiler/rustc", true, IS_HOST: true, {
         let tarball = builder.ensure(dist::Rustc {
-            compiler: builder.compiler(builder.top_stage, self.target),
+            target_compiler: builder.compiler(self.build_compiler.stage + 1, self.target),
         });
-        install_sh(builder, "rustc", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        install_sh(builder, "rustc", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
     };
     RustcCodegenCranelift, alias = "rustc-codegen-cranelift", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
         if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::CraneliftCodegenBackend {
-            build_compiler: self.compiler,
+            compilers: RustcPrivateCompilers::from_build_compiler(builder, self.build_compiler, self.target),
             target: self.target
         }) {
-            install_sh(builder, "rustc-codegen-cranelift", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+            install_sh(builder, "rustc-codegen-cranelift", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
         } else {
             builder.info(
                 &format!("skipping Install CodegenBackend(\"cranelift\") stage{} ({})",
-                         self.compiler.stage, self.target),
+                         self.build_compiler.stage + 1, self.target),
             );
         }
     };
     LlvmBitcodeLinker, alias = "llvm-bitcode-linker", Self::should_build(_config), IS_HOST: true, {
-        if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::LlvmBitcodeLinker { build_compiler: self.compiler, target: self.target }) {
-            install_sh(builder, "llvm-bitcode-linker", self.compiler.stage, Some(self.target), &tarball);
+        if let Some(tarball) = builder.ensure(dist::LlvmBitcodeLinker { build_compiler: self.build_compiler, target: self.target }) {
+            install_sh(builder, "llvm-bitcode-linker", self.build_compiler, Some(self.target), &tarball);
         } else {
             builder.info(
-                &format!("skipping llvm-bitcode-linker stage{} ({})", self.compiler.stage, self.target),
+                &format!("skipping llvm-bitcode-linker stage{} ({})", self.build_compiler.stage + 1, self.target),
             );
         }
     };
@@ -305,7 +302,7 @@ install!((self, builder, _config),
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Src {
-    pub stage: u32,
+    stage: u32,
 }
 
 impl Step for Src {
@@ -325,6 +322,6 @@ impl Step for Src {
 
     fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
         let tarball = builder.ensure(dist::Src);
-        install_sh(builder, "src", self.stage, None, &tarball);
+        install_sh(builder, "src", None, None, &tarball);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
index 269e7da8d7b24..318287df08a2f 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ You can skip linkcheck with --skip src/tools/linkchecker"
         }
 
         // Build all the default documentation.
-        builder.default_doc(&[]);
+        builder.run_default_doc_steps();
 
         // Build the linkchecker before calling `msg`, since GHA doesn't support nested groups.
         let linkchecker = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Linkchecker);
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ impl Step for HtmlCheck {
             panic!("Cannot run html-check tests");
         }
         // Ensure that a few different kinds of documentation are available.
-        builder.default_doc(&[]);
+        builder.run_default_doc_steps();
         builder.ensure(crate::core::build_steps::doc::Rustc::for_stage(
             builder,
             builder.top_stage,
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ NOTE: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the
         if suite == "debuginfo" {
             builder.ensure(dist::DebuggerScripts {
                 sysroot: builder.sysroot(compiler).to_path_buf(),
-                host: target,
+                target,
             });
         }
         if suite == "run-make" {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs
index b62c9a906b79c..c10b82536467d 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/tool.rs
@@ -1581,6 +1581,10 @@ impl Builder<'_> {
     /// `host`.
     pub fn tool_cmd(&self, tool: Tool) -> BootstrapCommand {
         let mut cmd = command(self.tool_exe(tool));
+
+        // Do not cache tool invocations, as they can have side effects
+        cmd.do_not_cache();
+
         let compiler = self.compiler(0, self.config.host_target);
         let host = &compiler.host;
         // Prepares the `cmd` provided to be able to run the `compiler` provided.
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs
index 40460bf168dc0..4f1bed13c13e7 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/mod.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use crate::core::build_steps::{
 };
 use crate::core::config::flags::Subcommand;
 use crate::core::config::{DryRun, TargetSelection};
+use crate::utils::build_stamp::BuildStamp;
 use crate::utils::cache::Cache;
 use crate::utils::exec::{BootstrapCommand, ExecutionContext, command};
 use crate::utils::helpers::{self, LldThreads, add_dylib_path, exe, libdir, linker_args, t};
@@ -1308,8 +1309,9 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
         self.run_step_descriptions(&Builder::get_step_descriptions(self.kind), &self.paths);
     }
 
-    pub fn default_doc(&self, paths: &[PathBuf]) {
-        self.run_step_descriptions(&Builder::get_step_descriptions(Kind::Doc), paths);
+    /// Run all default documentation steps to build documentation.
+    pub fn run_default_doc_steps(&self) {
+        self.run_step_descriptions(&Builder::get_step_descriptions(Kind::Doc), &[]);
     }
 
     pub fn doc_rust_lang_org_channel(&self) -> String {
@@ -1411,6 +1413,8 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
     /// The standard library will be linked to the sysroot of the passed compiler.
     ///
     /// Prefer using this method rather than manually invoking `Std::new`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an optional build stamp, if libstd was indeed built.
     #[cfg_attr(
         feature = "tracing",
         instrument(
@@ -1424,7 +1428,7 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
             ),
         ),
     )]
-    pub fn std(&self, compiler: Compiler, target: TargetSelection) {
+    pub fn std(&self, compiler: Compiler, target: TargetSelection) -> Option<BuildStamp> {
         // FIXME: make the `Std` step return some type-level "proof" that std was indeed built,
         // and then require passing that to all Cargo invocations that we do.
 
@@ -1443,10 +1447,11 @@ You have to build a stage1 compiler for `{}` first, and then use it to build a s
 
             // We still need to link the prebuilt standard library into the ephemeral stage0 sysroot
             self.ensure(StdLink::from_std(Std::new(compiler, target), compiler));
+            None
         } else {
             // This step both compiles the std and links it into the compiler's sysroot.
             // Yes, it's quite magical and side-effecty.. would be nice to refactor later.
-            self.ensure(Std::new(compiler, target));
+            self.ensure(Std::new(compiler, target))
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs
index 2afba25ae5922..5260b43f706cd 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/tests.rs
@@ -1133,8 +1133,11 @@ mod snapshot {
         [dist] mingw <host>
         [build] rustc 0 <host> -> GenerateCopyright 1 <host>
         [dist] rustc <host>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <host>
         [dist] src <>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <host>
         "
         );
     }
@@ -1195,16 +1198,27 @@ mod snapshot {
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer-proc-macro-srv 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 0 <host> -> GenerateCopyright 1 <host>
         [dist] rustc <host>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> analysis 2 <host>
         [dist] src <>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rustfmt 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-fmt 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustfmt 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy-driver 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-clippy 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-miri 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> extended 2 <host>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <host>
         ");
     }
 
@@ -1273,10 +1287,13 @@ mod snapshot {
         [dist] mingw <target1>
         [build] rustc 0 <host> -> GenerateCopyright 1 <host>
         [dist] rustc <host>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
         [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <target1>
         [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <host>
         [dist] src <>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <host>
         "
         );
     }
@@ -1333,8 +1350,13 @@ mod snapshot {
         [dist] rustc <host>
         [build] rustdoc 2 <target1>
         [dist] rustc <target1>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <target1>
         [dist] src <>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <host>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <target1>
         "
         );
     }
@@ -1411,9 +1433,15 @@ mod snapshot {
         [dist] rustc <host>
         [build] rustdoc 2 <target1>
         [dist] rustc <target1>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <target1>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <target1>
         [dist] src <>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <host>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <target1>
         "
         );
     }
@@ -1517,18 +1545,29 @@ mod snapshot {
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer-proc-macro-srv 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 0 <host> -> GenerateCopyright 1 <host>
         [dist] rustc <target1>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <target1>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> analysis 2 <target1>
         [dist] src <>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rustfmt 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-fmt 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustfmt 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy-driver 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-clippy 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-miri 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <target1>
         [build] rustc 1 <host> -> LlvmBitcodeLinker 2 <target1>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <target1>
         [doc] rustc 2 <target1> -> std 2 <target1> crates=[]
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> extended 2 <target1>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <target1>
         ");
     }
 
@@ -1580,8 +1619,24 @@ mod snapshot {
         [build] rustc 0 <host> -> GenerateCopyright 1 <host>
         [dist] rustc <host>
         [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc_codegen_cranelift 2 <host>
-        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc-dev 2 <host>
         [dist] src <>
+        [dist] reproducible-artifacts <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dist_bootstrap() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx
+                .config("dist")
+                .path("bootstrap")
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> RustInstaller 1 <host>
+        [dist] bootstrap <host>
         ");
     }
 
@@ -2126,6 +2181,197 @@ mod snapshot {
         [doc] rustc 1 <host> -> reference (book) 2 <host>
         ");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_ci() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("ci")
+                .stage(2)
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> clippy-driver 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> cargo-clippy 1 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> bootstrap 2 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc 2 <host>
+        [check] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc 2 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc_codegen_gcc 2 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_compiler_stage1() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("compiler")
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_compiler_stage2() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("compiler")
+                .stage(2)
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> clippy-driver 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> cargo-clippy 1 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc 2 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_std_stage1() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("std")
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> clippy-driver 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> cargo-clippy 1 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_std_stage2() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("std")
+                .stage(2)
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy-driver 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-clippy 2 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_miri_stage1() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("miri")
+                .stage(1)
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [check] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 0 <host> -> miri 1 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_miri_stage2() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("miri")
+                .stage(2)
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [check] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> clippy-driver 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> cargo-clippy 1 <host>
+        [clippy] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <host>
+        ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clippy_bootstrap() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("clippy")
+                .path("bootstrap")
+                .render_steps(), @"[clippy] rustc 0 <host> -> bootstrap 1 <host>");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn install_extended() {
+        let ctx = TestCtx::new();
+        insta::assert_snapshot!(
+            ctx.config("install")
+                .args(&[
+                    // Using backslashes fails with `--set`
+                    "--set", &format!("install.prefix={}", ctx.dir().display()).replace("\\", "/"),
+                    "--set", &format!("install.sysconfdir={}", ctx.dir().display()).replace("\\", "/"),
+                    "--set", "build.extended=true"
+                ])
+                .render_steps(), @r"
+        [build] llvm <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> rustc 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> WasmComponentLd 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> UnstableBookGen 1 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> Rustbook 1 <host>
+        [doc] unstable-book (book) <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> std 1 <host>
+        [doc] book (book) <host>
+        [doc] book/first-edition (book) <host>
+        [doc] book/second-edition (book) <host>
+        [doc] book/2018-edition (book) <host>
+        [build] rustdoc 1 <host>
+        [doc] rustc 1 <host> -> standalone 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rustc 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> WasmComponentLd 2 <host>
+        [build] rustdoc 2 <host>
+        [doc] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host> crates=[alloc,compiler_builtins,core,panic_abort,panic_unwind,proc_macro,rustc-std-workspace-core,std,std_detect,sysroot,test,unwind]
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> error-index 2 <host>
+        [doc] rustc 1 <host> -> error-index 2 <host>
+        [doc] nomicon (book) <host>
+        [doc] rustc 1 <host> -> reference (book) 2 <host>
+        [doc] rustdoc (book) <host>
+        [doc] rust-by-example (book) <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> LintDocs 1 <host>
+        [doc] rustc (book) <host>
+        [doc] cargo (book) <host>
+        [doc] clippy (book) <host>
+        [doc] embedded-book (book) <host>
+        [doc] edition-guide (book) <host>
+        [doc] style-guide (book) <host>
+        [doc] rustc 1 <host> -> releases 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> RustInstaller 1 <host>
+        [dist] docs <host>
+        [build] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 2 <host> -> std 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer-proc-macro-srv 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 0 <host> -> GenerateCopyright 1 <host>
+        [dist] rustc <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rust-analyzer 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> rustfmt 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-fmt 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> rustfmt 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy-driver 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-clippy 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> clippy 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <host>
+        [build] rustc 1 <host> -> cargo-miri 2 <host>
+        [dist] rustc 1 <host> -> miri 2 <host>
+        [dist] src <>
+        ");
+    }
 }
 
 struct ExecutedSteps {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
index f579bdd847f66..9ac8143439a23 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
@@ -1041,6 +1041,14 @@ impl Config {
                 eprintln!("ERROR: cannot run clippy on stage 0. Use at least stage 1.");
                 exit!(1);
             }
+            (0, Subcommand::Dist) => {
+                eprintln!("ERROR: cannot dist anything on stage 0. Use at least stage 1.");
+                exit!(1);
+            }
+            (0, Subcommand::Install) => {
+                eprintln!("ERROR: cannot install anything on stage 0. Use at least stage 1.");
+                exit!(1);
+            }
             _ => {}
         }
 
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/build_stamp.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/build_stamp.rs
index 6c79385190e8e..4c35388a181aa 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/build_stamp.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/build_stamp.rs
@@ -136,13 +136,13 @@ pub fn codegen_backend_stamp(
 }
 
 /// Cargo's output path for the standard library in a given stage, compiled
-/// by a particular compiler for the specified target.
+/// by a particular `build_compiler` for the specified `target`.
 pub fn libstd_stamp(
     builder: &Builder<'_>,
-    compiler: Compiler,
+    build_compiler: Compiler,
     target: TargetSelection,
 ) -> BuildStamp {
-    BuildStamp::new(&builder.cargo_out(compiler, Mode::Std, target)).with_prefix("libstd")
+    BuildStamp::new(&builder.cargo_out(build_compiler, Mode::Std, target)).with_prefix("libstd")
 }
 
 /// Cargo's output path for librustc in a given stage, compiled by a particular
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/change_tracker.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/change_tracker.rs
index 4fb5891ed181a..54f563fe68c70 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/change_tracker.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/change_tracker.rs
@@ -516,4 +516,9 @@ pub const CONFIG_CHANGE_HISTORY: &[ChangeInfo] = &[
         severity: ChangeSeverity::Info,
         summary: "Build/check now supports forwarding `--timings` flag to cargo.",
     },
+    ChangeInfo {
+        change_id: 145472,
+        severity: ChangeSeverity::Warning,
+        summary: "It is no longer possible to `x dist` or `x install` with stage 0. All dist and install commands have to be on stage 1+.",
+    },
 ];
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/tests/mod.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/tests/mod.rs
index 983680b0385c1..3332187e2a853 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/utils/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/utils/tests/mod.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ impl TestCtx {
         Self { directory }
     }
 
+    pub fn dir(&self) -> &Path {
+        self.directory.path()
+    }
+
     /// Starts a new invocation of bootstrap that executes `kind` as its top level command
     /// (i.e. `x <kind>`). Returns a builder that configures the created config through CLI flags.
     pub fn config(&self, kind: &str) -> ConfigBuilder {