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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/pages/protocol/overview.mdx
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## What Makes Taiko Different
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**Based rollup.** Ethereum L1 validators order Taiko proposal transactions on L1. Under the current Shasta rollout, the fast proposing path is preconf-whitelisted, with permissionless fallback preserved through forced inclusion rules. See [Based Rollups](/protocol/based-rollups) for a deep dive.
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**Based rollup.** Ethereum L1 validators order Taiko proposal transactions on L1. Under the current Unzen fork, the fast proposing path is preconf-whitelisted, with permissionless fallback preserved through forced inclusion rules. See [Based Rollups](/protocol/based-rollups) for a deep dive.
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**Type-1 ZK-EVM.** Taiko runs an unmodified Ethereum execution layer. Every opcode, every precompile, every tool that works on Ethereum works on Taiko without modification. Developers deploy the same Solidity contracts with the same tooling (Hardhat, Foundry, etc.) -- no code changes needed.
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## How Blocks Flow Through the Protocol
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Under Shasta, a Taiko block moves through two protocol states: **proposed**, then **proved and finalized** in a single step.
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Under Unzen's Shasta-based protocol architecture, a Taiko block moves through two protocol states: **proposed**, then **proved and finalized** in a single step.
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### 1. Proposed
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Provers generate validity proofs for a contiguous range of proposals. The proof submitted to `Inbox.prove` is checked through a composed verifier, with sufficient proof pairs such as `sgxGeth + sgxReth`, `sgxGeth + RISC0`, or `sgxReth + SP1`.
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In Shasta, a successful proof submission finalizes the proven range directly. `Inbox` checks that the range links to the current finalized head, writes a checkpoint into the signal service, and updates the finalized proposal ID and block hash. There is no separate post-proving finalization step: once a proposal range is proved, it is final.
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In Unzen, a successful proof submission finalizes the proven range directly through the Shasta checkpoint-finalization model. `Inbox` checks that the range links to the current finalized head, writes a checkpoint into the signal service, and updates the finalized proposal ID and block hash. There is no separate post-proving finalization step: once a proposal range is proved, it is final.
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:::info
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Taiko still allows parallel proof generation, but finalization remains sequential. A proof can cover a range that overlaps already finalized proposals, yet it must advance finalization by at least one new proposal and connect cleanly to the latest finalized state.
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|**Proposed**| Submitted to `Inbox` on L1. Data is available for derivation, but the proposal has not yet advanced finalization. | Soft -- derivable but not finalized by the protocol. |
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|**Proved and Finalized**| A valid proof has been accepted, the proven range has advanced the finalized proposal head, and a checkpoint has been written to the signal service. | Final at the protocol level, with L1-backed checkpointing. |
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A Taiko L2 block also inherits Ethereum's **Safe** and **Finalized** designations through its L1 origin. Each L2 block maps to an L1 origin block. If that L1 block is Safe, the L2 block is also considered Safe. Shasta finalization is the protocol's own ordered checkpoint-finalization step on top of that L1 anchoring model.
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A Taiko L2 block also inherits Ethereum's **Safe** and **Finalized** designations through its L1 origin. Each L2 block maps to an L1 origin block. If that L1 block is Safe, the L2 block is also considered Safe. Unzen's Shasta-based finalization is the protocol's own ordered checkpoint-finalization step on top of that L1 anchoring model.
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## Current Protocol Design: Shasta Fork
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## Current Protocol Design: Unzen Fork
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The Shasta fork reorganized the protocol around proposals, checkpoint-driven finalization, and explicit L1/L2 routing.
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Taiko is currently on the **Unzen fork**. Unzen runs on the **Shasta fork protocol architecture**, which reorganized the protocol around proposals, checkpoint-driven finalization, and explicit L1/L2 routing. Unzen keeps that architecture and adds execution-layer changes such as block-level zk gas metering.
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**Proposal-based derivation.** Blocks are organized around proposals handled by a separate `Inbox`
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## Further Reading
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-[Based Rollups](/protocol/based-rollups) -- how L1-sequenced block ordering works
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-[Shasta Fork](/protocol/shasta-fork) -- the current fork: proposal-based derivation and checkpoint finalization
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-[Unzen Fork](/protocol/unzen-fork) -- the future fork: zk-gas as protocol-level budget for proving work
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/pages/protocol/proving-system.mdx
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- a compose verifier that accepts sufficient SGX/ZK proof combinations
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- whitelist-first prover access with permissionless fallback after delay
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For the broader protocol context, see [Shasta Fork](/protocol/shasta-fork), [Based Rollups](/protocol/based-rollups), and [Contract Addresses](/network/contract-addresses).
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For the broader protocol context, see [Unzen Fork](/protocol/unzen-fork), [Based Rollups](/protocol/based-rollups), and [Contract Addresses](/network/contract-addresses).
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# Shasta Fork [Taiko's current protocol fork — proposal-based derivation and checkpoint-driven finalization.]
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# Shasta Fork [Protocol architecture for proposal-based derivation and checkpoint-driven finalization.]
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Shasta is the **current Taiko protocol fork**, superseding Pacaya. It builds on Pacaya's blob-based, proof-driven architecture and reworks the protocol around a separate inbox, proposal-based derivation, and explicit L1/L2 routing for checkpoints and anchoring.
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Shasta is the protocol architecture that Unzen currently runs on. It superseded Pacaya by reworking Taiko around a separate inbox, proposal-based derivation, and explicit L1/L2 routing for checkpoints and anchoring.
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Unzen is the current Taiko protocol fork. It keeps Shasta's proposal and finalization architecture, then adds execution-layer changes such as block-level zk gas metering. See [Unzen Fork](/protocol/unzen-fork) for the current fork details.
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## Proposal-Based Derivation
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- successful proving advances finalization in order
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- finalization writes a checkpoint into the signal service
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This gives the rest of the protocol a fresh L1-backed checkpoint as Shasta proposals finalize.
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This gives the rest of the protocol a fresh L1-backed checkpoint as Shasta-based proposals finalize.
Unzen is an upcoming fork that introduces **zk gas** as a protocol-level budget for proving work. Instead of limiting blocks only by ordinary EVM gas, Unzen adds a separate weighted gas metric that reflects how expensive different opcodes and precompiles are to prove.
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Unzen is the current Taiko protocol fork. It runs on the **Shasta protocol architecture** and introduces **zk gas** as a protocol-level budget for proving work.
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Instead of limiting blocks only by ordinary EVM gas, Unzen adds a separate weighted gas metric that reflects how expensive different opcodes and precompiles are to prove.
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The objective is to cap proving time per block with a protocol constant, `BLOCK_ZK_GAS_LIMIT`, so a block cannot be valid if it would require more proving work than the protocol budget allows.
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