Add comprehensive calendar chunking tests for all supported time types

Expand test coverage for calendar-based chunking to include:

- timestamp (without timezone): daily, weekly, yearly chunks and custom origins
- date: daily, weekly, yearly, quarterly chunks and custom origins

Also add comprehensive integer origin tests for all integer types:
- smallint, int, bigint using both old API (create_hypertable with
  chunk_time_origin) and new API (by_range with partition_origin)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: erimatnor