🚀 Snowflake ID

📌 Introduction

This repository implements a Twitter Snowflake ID Algorithm in C#.
It generates globally unique, time-ordered, and high-performance IDs suitable for distributed systems.

⚡ Key Features:

• 64-bit unique ID generation.
• Time-ordered (helps with indexing & queries).
• Thread-safe and supports high concurrency.
• Up to 4 million IDs per second per machine.

---

🔢 64-bit Snowflake ID Structure

A Snowflake ID consists of 64 bits, structured as follows:

Bits	Field	Description
1	Sign bit	Always 0 (ensures positive IDs)
41	Timestamp	Milliseconds since epoch (custom start time)
10	Machine ID	Ensures uniqueness across nodes (max 1024 machines)
12	Sequence Number	Handles multiple requests in the same millisecond (max 4096 per ms)
64	Total	Compact, sortable, and unique

📌 Example ID Breakdown:
If the generated ID is 68802193764575234, its binary representation might look like: 0101110101011010000000010000000000000000000001000000000010 (64 bits)

• Timestamp: 41 bits
• Machine ID: 10 bits
• Sequence: 12 bits

---

✅ Pros of Snowflake over UUID

Feature	Snowflake (64-bit)	UUID (128-bit)
Size	8 bytes	16 bytes
Human Readable	✅ Yes (sortable)	❌ No (random)
Performance	✅ Fast (bitwise ops)	❌ Slower (string parsing)
Database Indexing	✅ Efficient (numeric)	❌ Inefficient (string-based)
Use Case	✅ Distributed IDs	✅ Cryptographic uniqueness

🚀 Load Testing Performance

🔥 How to Test Under Load

To evaluate performance, concurrency, and uniqueness, we run a multi-threaded test:

// Number of concurrent threads
int threadCount = 10;

// IDs generated per thread
int idsPerThread = 100000; 

// Initialize with Machine ID = 1
var snowflake = new Snowflake(1);

// To check for duplicates
var idSet = new ConcurrentDictionary<long, bool>();

var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();

Parallel.For(0, threadCount, i =>
{
    for (int j = 0; j < idsPerThread; j++)
    {
        long id = snowflake.NextId();

        if (!idSet.TryAdd(id, true))
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Duplicate ID detected: {id}");
        }
    }
});

stopwatch.Stop();

long totalIds = threadCount * idsPerThread;
Console.WriteLine($"Generated {totalIds} unique IDs in {stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
Console.WriteLine($"Throughput: {totalIds / (stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0)} IDs/sec");

📊 Expected Output

Generated 1000000 unique IDs in 809 ms Throughput: 1236093.9431396786 IDs/sec