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Mnemonics

Implementation of BIP-39 in the C Programming Language. In this binary (or code), we receive the number of bits as expected by the BIP-39 standard, which ranges from 128 to 256 bits. Using this, we will generate the mnemonic words, as well as the private key and public key.

What We Are Doing

• Generate entropy: Create a sequence of random bits of size N, ranging from 128 to 256 bits (more bits provide better security). The number of bits must be a multiple of 32 (e.g., 128, 192, 256, etc.).
• Determine the checksum (CS):
  • Divide the size of the entropy (in bits) by 32. The result, N, determines the number of bits to be used for the hash.
  • Compute the checksum (CS) by applying the SHA256 method to the previously generated entropy.
• Concatenate entropy and checksum:
  • Perform the concatenation: INITIAL ENTROPY + CHECKSUM.
• Split into groups:
  • Divide the concatenated result into groups of 11 bits each.
• Map bits to words:
  • For each group of 11 bits, convert the bits to a decimal (or hexadecimal) value.
  • Use this value as an index to select a word from a predefined wordlist.
• Create the mnemonic:
  • Combine the selected words into a single string and display the resulting mnemonic on the screen.
• Perform the PBKDF2 operation:
  • Use the mnemonic (the string of words) as input for the PBKDF2 operation.
  • Salt: Combine the mnemonic string with an optional passphrase.
  • Output: Generate 512 bits (64 bytes).
• Generate deterministic wallets:
  • Use the resulting seed to generate deterministic wallets using BIP-0032 or similar methods.

Pre-requisite

Install opensll On MacOS:

brew install openssl
# either use exports
export CPPFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib"
# or create sys links to default locations where c looks for it's packages.
sudo ln -s /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/include/openssl /usr/local/include/openssl\n
sudo ln -s /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib/libssl.dylib /usr/local/lib/libssl.dylib\n
sudo ln -s /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib/libcrypto.dylib /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.dylib\n

On linux

sudo apt update
sudo apt install libssl-dev

Running it:

On Windows: Requires linking with bcrypt.lib:

gcc program.c -lbcrypt -o program.exe  # MinGW
cl program.c /link bcrypt.lib          # MSVC

On Others:

gcc -w mnemonics.c -lssl -lcrypto -o out && ./out 256 1

If you didn’t create symlinks and OpenSSL is in a non-standard location (like Homebrew’s install path), use:

gcc -w mnemonics.c -I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -lssl -lcrypto -o out && ./out 256 1

Example Output

➜  mnmncs git:(master) ✗ gcc -w mnemonics.c -lssl -lcrypto -o out && ./out 256 1

Entropy (hex): 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
Hash (hex): 8f06c5922403b39b9549701db27d89f70c2797fc937086ec2abd6e85f8834304
With CS concat Entropy (hex): 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

mnemonics words 24:
recall shoulder west shallow
coffee clock olympic open
kit rural fresh wide
trigger honey antenna sign
chimney fame maple benefit
law indicate clump inflict

BIP-39 Seed (hex): 2e3b9a265e97bc70437ab23a80faa0ee6038bb0fb7a1fdd6592f0ebec3e421768cdfe1c99d480ceba699c7cd0432fe83a425671fc7c3a3c18386a075170eb740

                                             ♠♡♦♧ - don't trust, verify

BIP-32 getting pub and priv key

After you get the private_key you can also run the bip32.c to get the private_key and WIF to be able to import in Electrum.

• building it: gcc -w bip32.c -lssl -lcrypto -o bip32

• running: ./bip32 2f00201a843bf367ed45fda52ea0d3aba21ee730ad1a93189e67ae0e6faae4bb3a32629b955d1cfcde3becc25f2e39519e1e5d9ee8318c6217b11bcedb9f9683

• output example:

➜  mnmncs git:(master) ✗ ./bip32 2f00201a843bf367ed45fda52ea0d3aba21ee730ad1a93189e67ae0e6faae4bb3a32629b955d1cfcde3becc25f2e39519e1e5d9ee8318c6217b11bcedb9f9683


BIP-32 creating pubkey and privkey to import.

Input BIP-39 Seed (hex):
Seed: 2f00201a843bf367ed45fda52ea0d3aba21ee730ad1a93189e67ae0e6faae4bb3a32629b955d1cfcde3becc25f2e39519e1e5d9ee8318c6217b11bcedb9f9683

BIP-32 Master Key Derivation Results:
Master Private Key: 673cb61cbdeb67b8ecce8c44021defa992787c546569327b4328fe809de31ccb
Master Chain Code: 6552afdf4bc3a927795fb55a2ac9a7374747be8023329937157a95cae49b200f


=== Electrum Wallet (HD) ===
xprv: xprv9s21ZrQH143K34sBvFpfdXVRV7hj5YXScWB3oSQBZuh74XLM1eYMZybGPy9eggeB92J2Ts7QGK5Z189k9xoopp5j1tBAfH7CEhbbdP5CDUH

To create a full HD wallet in Electrum:
1. New Wallet -> Standard Wallet
2. 'Use a master key' -> Paste this xprv
3. Choose BIP44 (legacy) or BIP84 (SegWit) derivation
4. Complete setup (set password if desired)


=== Electrum (Single-Key Wallet) ===
WIF: 5JbkdquZp2ddnnng1FAsdmRjZLiEdEtk3j6HwNL7iCaoZVrguzQ

To import as a single-address wallet in Electrum:
1. New Wallet -> Standard Wallet
2. 'Import Bitcoin private keys' -> Paste this WIF
3. Complete setup (set password if desired)


=== Bitcoin Core Options ===
Option 1: Legacy Wallet Import
--------------------------------
# First create a legacy wallet if needed:
bitcoin-cli createwallet "legacy_wallet" false true

# Import the WIF key:
bitcoin-cli -rpcwallet="legacy_wallet" importprivkey "5JbkdquZp2ddnnng1FAsdmRjZLiEdEtk3j6HwNL7iCaoZVrguzQ" "my_label" false

Option 2: Descriptor Wallet Import
----------------------------------
# First get the descriptor checksum:
bitcoin-cli getdescriptorinfo "pkh(5JbkdquZp2ddnnng1FAsdmRjZLiEdEtk3j6HwNL7iCaoZVrguzQ)"

# Then import using the descriptor (replace #checksum):
bitcoin-cli importdescriptors '[{
  "desc": "pkh(5JbkdquZp2ddnnng1FAsdmRjZLiEdEtk3j6HwNL7iCaoZVrguzQ)#checksum",
  "timestamp": "now",
  "label": "my_label",
  "active": false
}]'
# There is probably a more up-to-date improved way of importing descriptors.
# But we are using `active: false` here to be able to import single key into wallet.

                                        ₿Ω∆† - you can just build things