CC-2005: [SQLite] [Python] Use uv and upgrade to 3.14

[andy1li]

• Updated .python-version to specify Python 3.14.
• Changed buildpack version in codecrafters.yml to python-3.14.
• Removed Pipfile and Pipfile.lock, transitioning to pyproject.toml and uv.lock for dependency management.
• Updated run scripts to utilize UV for executing the application.
• Added .gitignore entries for common Python artifacts and updated project structure.

---

Note

Switches to uv with pyproject/uv.lock and upgrades all Python starters/templates to 3.14, updating run configs, scripts, and Docker image.

• Tooling/Deps:
  • Replace Pipenv (Pipfile*) with pyproject.toml + uv.lock across compiled starters, solutions, and templates.
  • Add .python-version set to 3.14.
• Runtime/Config:
  • Update codecrafters.yml to buildpack: python-3.14.
  • Change starter_templates/python/config.yml required_executable to "uv".
• Run Scripts:
  • Switch execution from pipenv run python3 -m app.main to uv run --quiet -m app.main in .codecrafters/run.sh and your_program.sh.
• Docker:
  • Add dockerfiles/python-3.14.Dockerfile based on astral/uv:python3.14-alpine with uv sync.
• Docs:
  • README updates to require uv locally.
• Repo Hygiene:
  • Expand .gitignore for common Python and tool artifacts.

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[linear]

CC-2005 [Python] Use uv and upgrade to 3.14