chore: Move to golangci-lint v2.3.0 (latest)

[sophiewaldman]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Updates golangci-lint to v2.3.0 and updates the .golangci.yml file accordingly.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:
Blocked by grafana/loki-release#270

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• [n/a] Documentation added
• [n/a] Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[trevorwhitney]

I love this idea! it's annoying to always have to run the linter in a build image (that we're trying to deprecate) because of how old our linter version is!