Add Timeout pattern implementation - Fixes #2845

[dyrpsf]

What does this PR do?

This PR implements the Timeout pattern for the java-design-patterns repository. The Timeout pattern prevents operations from blocking indefinitely by setting a maximum time limit for their completion. If an operation doesn't complete within the specified timeout period, it is cancelled and control is returned to the caller with an error.

Fixes #2845

Changes Made

• Implemented TimeoutHandler class for executing operations with timeout constraints using ExecutorService
• Created TimeoutException custom exception for handling timeout errors
• Added App.java with three practical examples demonstrating the pattern:
  • Fast service call (completes within timeout)
  • Slow service call (exceeds timeout)
  • Database query with timeout
• Included comprehensive unit tests (TimeoutHandlerTest.java) with 4 test cases:
  • Successful execution within timeout
  • Timeout exception when operation exceeds limit
  • Immediate return for fast operations
  • Exception handling when task throws errors
• Created detailed README.md with:
  • Pattern intent and explanation
  • Real-world examples
  • Programmatic code examples
  • Class diagram
  • Applicability scenarios
  • Known uses in industry
  • Consequences (benefits and trade-offs)
  • Related patterns
• Added UML class diagram (timeout.urm.png and .puml source)
• Added pom.xml with required dependencies

Testing

All unit tests are included and functional. The implementation has been tested with:

• Operations that complete within timeout limits
• Operations that exceed timeout limits
• Immediate return scenarios
• Exception handling during task execution

Additional Notes

This is my first contribution to the java-design-patterns repository for Hacktoberfest 2024. I've followed the existing pattern structure and conventions used in other patterns in the repository.

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📥 Commits

Analyzing changes from base (ede37bd) to latest commit (ea2f22d):

• ea2f22d: Fix image filename - remove duplicate .png extension
• 87fdf74: Add Timeout pattern implementation - Fixes Timeout pattern #2845

📁 Files being considered (8)

➕ timeout/README.md (1 hunk)
➕ timeout/etc/timeout.urm.png (0 hunks)
➕ timeout/etc/timeout.urm.puml (1 hunk)
➕ timeout/pom.xml (1 hunk)
➕ timeout/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/timeout/App.java (1 hunk)
➕ timeout/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/timeout/TimeoutException.java (1 hunk)
➕ timeout/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/timeout/TimeoutHandler.java (1 hunk)
➕ timeout/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/timeout/TimeoutHandlerTest.java (1 hunk)

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Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

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