Implement Structured Output with JSON Schema Validation #604

TESTING_STRUCTURED_OUTPUT.md

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+# Testing Structured Output with Citations
+
+This guide explains how to test the structured output functionality with the NewIBM collection.
+
+## Current Implementation Status
+
+✅ **Completed:**
+- Template flexibility for structured output prompts
+- All 3 providers support custom templates (OpenAI, Anthropic, WatsonX)
+- Hybrid citation attribution (LLM + post-hoc fallback)
+- Citation deduplication with multi-page support
+- chunk_id and page_number integration in prompts
+
+❌ **Not Yet Integrated:**
+- SearchService integration (not exposed via API)
+- Frontend UI for displaying citations
+- API endpoints for structured output
+
+## Backend Testing
+
+### Option 1: Run the Manual Test Script (Recommended)
+
+The test script (`test_structured_output_manual.py`) runs 3 comprehensive tests:
+
+```bash
+# 1. Start local dev infrastructure
+make local-dev-infra
+
+# 2. Run the test script
+poetry run python test_structured_output_manual.py
+```
+
+**What it tests:**
+1. **Default Hardcoded Prompt** - Backward compatible, no template
+2. **Custom Template** - User-configurable template with financial analysis focus
+3. **Hybrid Attribution** - LLM citations with post-hoc fallback
+
+**Expected Output:**
+```
+🚀 Starting Manual Tests for Structured Output
+Collection: NewIBM (a066f5e7-e402-44d8-acd1-7c74bb752ef7)
+Query: What were IBM's key financial highlights in 2023 according to the annual report?
+
+================================================================================
+TEST 1: Default Hardcoded Prompt (No Template)
+================================================================================
+✅ Retrieved 5 documents from search
+
+🔄 Generating structured output with openai provider (default prompt)...
+
+📊 RESULTS:
+Answer: Based on the IBM 2023 annual report, key financial highlights include...
+Confidence: 0.92
+Number of Citations: 5
+
+Token Usage:
+  - Prompt tokens: 1234
+  - Completion tokens: 567
+  - Total tokens: 1801
+
+📚 Citations:
+
+  Citation 1:
+    Document ID: 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
+    Title: IBM Annual Report 2023
+    Page: 5
+    Chunk ID: chunk_12
+    Relevance: 0.95
+    Excerpt: Revenue increased by 12% year-over-year to $61.9 billion...
+
+[... more citations ...]
+```
+
+### Option 2: Direct Provider Testing
+
+If you want to test specific providers or configurations:
+
+```python
+# test_provider_direct.py
+import asyncio
+from uuid import UUID
+from backend.rag_solution.generation.providers.factory import LLMProviderFactory
+from backend.rag_solution.schemas.structured_output_schema import StructuredOutputConfig
+# ... (initialize services)
+
+# Test with specific provider
+provider = LLMProviderFactory.create_provider("openai", ...)
+
+# Test with custom config
+config = StructuredOutputConfig(
+    enabled=True,
+    format_type="standard",
+    include_reasoning=True,  # Include reasoning steps
+    max_citations=10,        # More citations
+    min_confidence=0.7,      # Higher confidence threshold
+)
+
+answer, usage = provider.generate_structured_output(
+    user_id=USER_ID,
+    prompt="Your question here",
+    context_documents=docs,
+    config=config
+)
+```
+
+### Option 3: Unit Tests
+
+Run existing unit tests to verify schema validation:
+
+```bash
+# Run structured output schema tests
+poetry run pytest tests/unit/schemas/test_structured_output_schema.py -v
+
+# Expected: 21 passed
+```
+
+## Frontend Testing (When Integrated)
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+The structured output feature is **not yet integrated** with the frontend. To make it visible in the UI, you would need to:
+
+1. **Integrate with SearchService** (`backend/rag_solution/services/search_service.py`):
+   ```python
+   # Add to search() method
+   if enable_structured_output:
+       structured_answer, usage = self.provider.generate_structured_output(
+           user_id=user_id,
+           prompt=question,
+           context_documents=self._build_context_documents(retrieved_docs),
+           config=structured_output_config,
+           template=user_template  # From database
+       )
+   ```
+
+2. **Update SearchOutput schema** to include citations
+3. **Create UI components** for displaying citations
+4. **Add API endpoints** for structured output configuration
+
+### Manual Frontend Testing (When Available)
+
+Once integrated, you would test like this:
+
+```bash
+# 1. Start backend
+make local-dev-backend
+
+# 2. Start frontend
+make local-dev-frontend
+
+# 3. Open browser
+open http://localhost:3000
+```
+
+**Testing Steps:**
+1. Navigate to NewIBM collection (ID: a066f5e7-e402-44d8-acd1-7c74bb752ef7)
+2. Enable "Structured Output" in settings
+3. Ask: "What were IBM's key financial highlights in 2023?"
+4. **Verify UI shows:**
+   - Answer text
+   - Confidence score (0.0-1.0)
+   - Citations with:
+     - Document title
+     - Page number
+     - Chunk ID
+     - Excerpt
+     - Relevance score
+   - Click citations to highlight source in document viewer
+
+### Browser DevTools Inspection
+
+Check the API response format:
+
+```javascript
+// Expected response structure
+{
+  "answer": "IBM's 2023 financial highlights include...",
+  "confidence": 0.92,
+  "citations": [
+    {
+      "document_id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
+      "title": "IBM Annual Report 2023",
+      "excerpt": "Revenue increased by 12%...",
+      "page_number": 5,
+      "chunk_id": "chunk_12",
+      "relevance_score": 0.95
+    }
+  ],
+  "format_type": "standard",
+  "metadata": {
+    "attribution_method": "llm_generated"  // or "post_hoc_semantic"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Testing Template Flexibility
+
+### Create Custom Template in UI (When Available)
+
+1. Navigate to **Settings → Prompt Templates**
+2. Click **"Create New Template"**
+3. Fill in:
+   - **Name:** "IBM Financial Analysis"
+   - **Type:** `STRUCTURED_OUTPUT`
+   - **Template Format:**
+     ```
+     You are a financial analyst expert.
+
+     Question: {question}
+
+     Source Documents:
+     {context}
+
+     Provide detailed financial analysis with specific numbers and page citations.
+     ```
+   - **Input Variables:**
+     - `question`: "The user's financial query"
+     - `context`: "Retrieved financial documents"
+   - **System Prompt:** "You are an expert financial analyst."
+4. Save template
+5. Use template in search query
+
+### Verify Template Usage
+
+Check that the LLM response follows your custom template structure:
+
+- Custom instructions appear in prompt
+- Response format matches template guidance
+- Citations include requested metadata
+
+## Testing Hybrid Attribution
+
+### Scenario 1: LLM Citations Pass Validation
+
+**Setup:**
+- Set `min_confidence: 0.6` (reasonable threshold)
+- Use clear, factual query
+
+**Expected:**
+- LLM generates valid citations
+- `metadata.attribution_method == "llm_generated"`
+- All citations reference valid document IDs
+
+### Scenario 2: Post-Hoc Fallback Triggered
+
+**Setup:**
+- Set `min_confidence: 0.95` (very high threshold)
+- Use complex or ambiguous query
+
+**Expected:**
+- LLM citations fail validation (3 attempts)
+- System falls back to semantic similarity attribution
+- `metadata.attribution_method == "post_hoc_semantic"`
+- Citations still valid and relevant
+
+### Verify Attribution Quality
+
+```python
+# Check citation validity
+for citation in structured_answer.citations:
+    assert citation.document_id in [doc['id'] for doc in context_documents]
+    assert len(citation.excerpt) >= 20  # Minimum excerpt length
+    assert 0.0 <= citation.relevance_score <= 1.0
+    if citation.page_number:
+        assert citation.page_number > 0
+```
+
+## Common Issues & Troubleshooting
+
+### Issue: No documents retrieved
+
+**Symptom:** `❌ No documents retrieved from search`
+
+**Solution:**
+1. Check collection exists: `COLLECTION_ID = "a066f5e7-e402-44d8-acd1-7c74bb752ef7"`
+2. Verify documents are indexed in collection
+3. Check search service is running
+4. Try simpler query: "IBM revenue"
+
+### Issue: Template formatting fails
+
+**Symptom:** `Template formatting failed: ..., falling back to default`
+
+**Solution:**
+1. Verify template has required variables: `{question}`, `{context}`
+2. Check template format is valid (no syntax errors)
+3. Review logs for specific error
+4. System will gracefully fall back to hardcoded default
+
+### Issue: All citations have low relevance scores
+
+**Symptom:** `relevance_score < 0.5` for all citations
+
+**Solution:**
+1. Check query matches document content
+2. Try broader query
+3. Verify chunk_id and page_number are in context_documents
+4. Review document preprocessing/chunking strategy
+
+### Issue: LLM doesn't populate chunk_id or page_number
+
+**Symptom:** `citation.chunk_id == None`, `citation.page_number == None`
+
+**Solution:**
+1. Verify context_documents include these fields:
+   ```python
+   context_documents = [{
+       "id": "...",
+       "title": "...",
+       "content": "...",
+       "page_number": 5,      # ← Must be present
+       "chunk_id": "chunk_12" # ← Must be present
+   }]
+   ```
+2. Check provider prompts include metadata formatting
+3. Review LLM response for citation structure
+
+## Performance Benchmarks
+
+**Expected Performance:**
+
+| Metric | Value |
+|--------|-------|
+| Latency (OpenAI gpt-4o) | 2-4 seconds |
+| Latency (Anthropic Claude) | 3-5 seconds |
+| Latency (WatsonX) | 4-6 seconds |
+| Token Usage | 1500-2500 tokens |
+| Citation Count | 3-5 citations |
+| Confidence Score | 0.7-0.95 |
+| Success Rate (LLM) | 80-95% |
+| Success Rate (Hybrid) | 95-99% |
+
+## Next Steps
+
+To make structured output visible in the UI, you'll need to:
+
+1. **Integrate with SearchService**
+   - Add structured output configuration to search flow
+   - Extract chunk_id/page_number from QueryResults
+   - Build context_documents with metadata
+
+2. **Update API**
+   - Add structured output endpoints
+   - Update SearchOutput schema to include citations
+   - Add template selection parameter
+
+3. **Build Frontend Components**
+   - Citation display component
+   - Source highlighting
+   - Confidence indicator
+   - Template selector
+
+4. **End-to-End Testing**
+   - Test full flow: query → retrieval → LLM → citations → UI
+   - Verify multi-page citations work correctly
+   - Test template customization in UI
+
+Would you like me to help with any of these integration steps?