lib: handle superscript variants on windows device

[RafaelGSS]

Windows recognizes the 8-bit ISO/IEC 8859-1 superscript digits ¹, ², and ³ as digits and treats them as valid parts of COM# and LPT# device names, making them reserved in every directory.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.06%. Comparing base (04c5a18) to head (91106d9).
⚠️ Report is 23 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #59261      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   90.04%   90.06%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         648      648              
  Lines      191200   191202       +2     
  Branches    37472    37479       +7     
==========================================
+ Hits       172160   172199      +39     
+ Misses      11665    11615      -50     
- Partials     7375     7388      +13     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/path.js	96.00% <100.00%> (-0.18%)	⬇️

... and 32 files with indirect coverage changes

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[RafaelGSS]

ping @nodejs/path @nodejs/platform-windows

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68337/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68338/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68339/