Cleanup string formatting.

docs/app4.rst

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ These are the :title:`Python` commands for how each tool is used:
     doc=pymupdf.open(datei)
     for p in pymupdf.Pages(doc):
         pix = p.get_pixmap(dpi=150)
-        pix.save("t-%s.png" % p.number)
+        pix.save(f"t-{p.number}.png")
         pix = None
     doc.close()
     return

docs/document.rst

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ For details on **embedded files** refer to Appendix 3.
 
         >>> import pymupdf
         >>> with pymupdf.open(...) as doc:
-                for page in doc: print("page %i" % page.number)
+                for page in doc: print(f"page {page.number}")
         page 0
         page 1
         page 2
@@ -2254,10 +2254,10 @@ Other Examples
          xref = img[0]                  # xref number
          pix = pymupdf.Pixmap(doc, xref)   # make pixmap from image
          if pix.n - pix.alpha < 4:      # can be saved as PNG
-             pix.save("p%s-%s.png" % (i, xref))
+             pix.save(f"p{i}-{xref}.png")
          else:                          # CMYK: must convert first
              pix0 = pymupdf.Pixmap(pymupdf.csRGB, pix)
-             pix0.save("p%s-%s.png" % (i, xref))
+             pix0.save(f"p{i}-{xref}.png")
              pix0 = None                # free Pixmap resources
          pix = None                     # free Pixmap resources
 

docs/font.rst

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ A ``Font`` object also contains useful general information, like the font bbox,
          >>> font = pymupdf.Font("math")
          >>> vuc = font.valid_codepoints()
          >>> for i in vuc:
-               print("%04X %s (%s)" % (i, chr(i), font.unicode_to_glyph_name(i)))
+         >>>     print(f"{i:04X} {chr(i)} ({font.unicode_to_glyph_name(i)})")
          0000
          000D   (CR)
          0020   (space)

docs/functions.rst

@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ Yet others are handy, general-purpose utilities.
            try:
                return sum([widthlist[ord(c)] for c in text]) * fontsize
            except IndexError:
-               raise ValueError:("max. code point found: %i, increase limit" % ord(max(text)))
+               raise ValueError(f"max. code point found: {ord(max(text))}, increase limit")
 
 -----
 

docs/recipes-common-issues-and-their-solutions.rst

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ It features maintaining any metadata, table of contents and links contained in t
         raise SystemExit("need PyMuPDF v1.14.0+")
     fn = sys.argv[1]
 
-    print("Converting '%s' to '%s.pdf'" % (fn, fn))
+    print(f"Converting '{fn}' to '{fn}.pdf'")
 
     doc = pymupdf.open(fn)
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ It features maintaining any metadata, table of contents and links contained in t
     pdf.save(fn + ".pdf", garbage=4, deflate=True)
     # say how many named links we skipped
     if link_cnti > 0:
-        print("Skipped %i named links of a total of %i in input." % (link_skip, link_cnti))
+        print(f"Skipped {link_skip} named links of a total of {link_cnti} in input.")
 
 
 

docs/recipes-images.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The script works as a command line tool which expects the filename being supplie
     doc = pymupdf.open(fname)  # open document
     for page in doc:  # iterate through the pages
         pix = page.get_pixmap()  # render page to an image
-        pix.save("page-%i.png" % page.number)  # store image as a PNG
+        pix.save(f"page-{page.number}.png")  # store image as a PNG
 
 The script directory will now contain PNG image files named *page-0.png*, *page-1.png*, etc. Pictures have the dimension of their pages with width and height rounded to integers, e.g. 595 x 842 pixels for an A4 portrait sized page. They will have a resolution of 96 dpi in x and y dimension and have no transparency. You can change all that -- for how to do this, read the next sections.
 
@@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ This script creates an approximate image of it as a PNG, by going down to one-pi
     t1 = time.perf_counter()
     pm.save("sierpinski-punch.png")
     t2 = time.perf_counter()
-    print ("%g sec to create / fill the pixmap" % round(t1-t0,3))
-    print ("%g sec to save the image" % round(t2-t1,3))
+    print (f"{round(t1-t0,3)} sec to create / fill the pixmap")
+    print (f"{round(t2-t1,3)} sec to save the image")
 
 The result should look something like this:
 

docs/recipes-journalling.rst

@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ Description:
     >>> page=doc.new_page()
     >>> doc.journal_stop_op()
     >>> for i in range(5):
-            doc.journal_start_op("insert-%i" % i)
-            page.insert_text((100, 100 + 20*i), "text line %i" %i)
+            doc.journal_start_op(f"insert-{i}")
+            page.insert_text((100, 100 + 20*i), f"text line {i}")
             doc.journal_stop_op()
 
     >>> # combined status info:

docs/recipes-low-level-interfaces.rst

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The following script loops through the :data:`xref` table and prints each object
     >>> xreflen = doc.xref_length()  # length of objects table
     >>> for xref in range(1, xreflen):  # skip item 0!
             print("")
-            print("object %i (stream: %s)" % (xref, doc.xref_is_stream(xref)))
+            print(f"object {xref} (stream: {doc.xref_is_stream(xref)})")
             print(doc.xref_object(xref, compressed=False))
 
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ There also exist granular, elegant ways to access and manipulate selected PDF :d
 * Here is a full listing of the above page keys::
 
     In [9]: for key in doc.xref_get_keys(page.xref):
-    ...:        print("%s = %s" % (key, doc.xref_get_key(page.xref, key)))
+    ...:        print(f"{key} = {doc.xref_get_key(page.xref, key)}")
     ...:
     Type = ('name', '/Page')
     Contents = ('xref', '1297 0 R')

docs/recipes-text.rst

@@ -93,12 +93,11 @@ This is the responsibility of the PDF creator (software or a human). For example
 
     doc = pymupdf.open("some.pdf")
     header = "Header"  # text in header
-    footer = "Page %i of %i"  # text in footer
     for page in doc:
         page.insert_text((50, 50), header)  # insert header
         page.insert_text(  # insert footer 50 points above page bottom
             (50, page.rect.height - 50),
-            footer % (page.number + 1, doc.page_count),
+            f"Page {page.number + 1} of {doc.page_count}", # text in footer
         )
 
 The text sequence extracted from a page modified in this way will look like this:
@@ -166,15 +165,15 @@ But you also have other options::
  text = sys.argv[2]  # search string
  doc = pymupdf.open(fname)
 
- print("underlining words containing '%s' in document '%s'" % (word, doc.name))
+ print(f"underlining words containing '{word}' in document '{doc.name}'")
 
  new_doc = False  # indicator if anything found at all
 
  for page in doc:  # scan through the pages
      found = mark_word(page, text)  # mark the page's words
      if found:  # if anything found ...
          new_doc = True
-         print("found '%s' %i times on page %i" % (text, found, page.number + 1))
+         print(f"found '{text}' {found} times on page {page.number + 1}")
 
  if new_doc:
      doc.save("marked-" + doc.name)
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ Output some text lines on a page::
                          fontsize = 11,  # the default font size
                          rotate = 0,  # also available: 90, 180, 270
                          )
-    print("%i lines printed on page %i." % (rc, page.number))
+    print(f"{rc} lines printed on page {page.number}.")
 
     doc.save("text.pdf")
 

docs/samples/filmfestival-sql.py

@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@
 select_films = """SELECT title, director, year FROM films ORDER BY title"""
 
 # select stament for actors, a skeleton: sub-select by film title
-select_casts = """SELECT name FROM actors WHERE film = "%s" ORDER BY name"""
-
+select_casts = """SELECT name FROM actors WHERE film = ? ORDER BY name"""
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
 # define the HTML Story and fill it with database data
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@
     film.find(None, "id", "filmyear").add_text(str(year))  # put year
 
     # the actors reside in their own table - find the ones for this film title
-    cursor_casts.execute(select_casts % title)  # execute cursor
+    cursor_casts.execute(select_casts, (title,))  # execute cursor
     casts = cursor_casts.fetchall()  # read actors for the film
     # each actor name appears in its own tuple, so extract it from there
     film.find(None, "id", "cast").add_text("\n".join([c[0] for c in casts]))

docs/samples/multiprocess-render.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def render_page(vector):
         pix = page.get_pixmap(alpha=False, matrix=mat)
         # store away the result somewhere ...
         # pix.save("p-%i.png" % i)
-    print("Processed page numbers %i through %i" % (seg_from, seg_to - 1))
+    print(f"Processed page numbers {seg_from} through {seg_to - 1}")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ def render_page(vector):
 
     # make vectors of arguments for the processes
     vectors = [(i, cpu, filename, mat) for i in range(cpu)]
-    print("Starting %i processes for '%s'." % (cpu, filename))
+    print(f"Starting {cpu} processes for '{filename}'.")
 
     pool = Pool()  # make pool of 'cpu_count()' processes
     pool.map(render_page, vectors, 1)  # start processes passing each a vector
 
     t1 = mytime()  # stop the timer
-    print("Total time %g seconds" % round(t1 - t0, 2))
+    print(f"Total time {round(t1 - t0, 2):g} seconds")

docs/samples/new-annots.py

@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@
 def print_descr(annot):
     """Print a short description to the right of each annot rect."""
     annot.parent.insert_text(
-        annot.rect.br + (10, -5), "%s annotation" % annot.type[1], color=red
-    )
+        annot.rect.br + (10, -5), f"{annot.type[1]} annotation", color=red)
 
 
 doc = pymupdf.open()
@@ -166,4 +165,4 @@ def print_descr(annot):
 annot = page.add_redact_annot(r)
 print_descr(annot)
 
-doc.save(__file__.replace(".py", "-%i.pdf" % page.rotation), deflate=True)
+doc.save(__file__.replace(".py", f"-{page.rotation:d}.pdf"), deflate=True)

docs/samples/text-lister.py

@@ -32,11 +32,9 @@ def flags_decomposer(flags):
     for l in b["lines"]:  # iterate through the text lines
         for s in l["spans"]:  # iterate through the text spans
             print("")
-            font_properties = "Font: '%s' (%s), size %g, color #%06x" % (
-                s["font"],  # font name
-                flags_decomposer(s["flags"]),  # readable font flags
-                s["size"],  # font size
-                s["color"],  # font color
-            )
-            print("Text: '%s'" % s["text"])  # simple print of text
-            print(font_properties)
+            s_font = s['font']
+            s_flags = flags_decomposer(s['flags'])
+            s_size = s['size']
+            s_color = s['color']
+            print(f"Text: '{s['text']}'")  # simple print of text
+            print(f"Font: '{s_font}' ({s_flags}), size {s_size}, color #{s_color:06x}")

docs/the-basics.rst

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ To extract all the images from a |PDF| file, do the following:
             if pix.n - pix.alpha > 3: # CMYK: convert to RGB first
                 pix = pymupdf.Pixmap(pymupdf.csRGB, pix)
 
-            pix.save("page_%s-image_%s.png" % (page_index, image_index)) # save the image as png
+            pix.save(f"page_{page_index}-image_{image_index}.png") # save the image as png
             pix = None
 
 

docs/tutorial.rst

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ Saving the Page Image in a File
 -----------------------------------
 We can simply store the image in a PNG file::
 
-    pix.save("page-%i.png" % page.number)
+    pix.save(f"page-{page.number}.png")
 
 Displaying the Image in GUIs
 -------------------------------------------