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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -335,30 +335,8 @@ END
- **GC metrics (Garbage Collection):** Shows whether JVM garbage collection paused Cassandra during the test.
- **Total operation time:** The total wall-clock time taken to run the benchmark.

### Benchmark summary on x86_64
To compare the benchmark results, the following results were collected by running the same benchmark on a `x86 - c4-standard-4` (4 vCPUs, 15 GB Memory) x86_64 VM in GCP, running SUSE:

| Metric | Write Test | Read Test |
|----------------------------|----------------------|----------------------|
| Operation Rate (op/s) | 4,922 | 4,349 |
| Partition Rate (pk/s) | 4,922 | 4,349 |
| Row Rate (row/s) | 4,922 | 4,349 |
| Latency Mean | 8.4 ms | 8.0 ms |
| Latency Median | 5.9 ms | 6.6 ms |
| Latency 95th Percentile | 22.9 ms | 18.7 ms |
| Latency 99th Percentile | 40.4 ms | 28.9 ms |
| Latency 99.9th Percentile | 75.0 ms | 48.9 ms |
| Latency Max | 175.2 ms | 84.0 ms |
| Total Partitions | 10,000 | 10,000 |
| Total Errors | 0 | 0 |
| Total GC Count | 0 | 0 |
| Total GC Memory | 0 B | 0 B |
| Total GC Time | 0.0 s | 0.0 s |
| Total Operation Time | 0:00:02 | 0:00:02 |


### Benchmark summary on Arm64
Results from the earlier run on the `c4a-standard-4` (4 vCPU, 16 GB memory) Arm64 VM in GCP (SUSE):
Results from the earlier run on the `c4a-standard-4` (4 vCPU, 16 GB memory) Arm64 VM in GCP (SuSE shown, Ubuntu results were very similar):

| Metric | Write Test | Read Test |
|----------------------------|----------------------|----------------------|
Expand All @@ -378,11 +356,12 @@ Results from the earlier run on the `c4a-standard-4` (4 vCPU, 16 GB memory) Arm6
| Total GC Time | 0.0 s | 0.0 s |
| Total Operation Time | 0:00:00 | 0:00:02 |

### Cassendra performance benchmarking comparison on Arm64 and x86_64
When you compare the benchmarking results, you will notice that on the Google Axion C4A Arm-based instances:
### Cassendra performance benchmarking notes
When examining the benchmark results, you will notice that on the Google Axion C4A Arm-based instances:

- The write operations achieved a high throughput of **10,690 op/s**, while read operations reached **4,962 op/s** on the `c4a-standard-4` Arm64 VM.
- Latency for writes was lower (mean: **3.7 ms**) compared to reads (mean: **6.3 ms**), indicating faster write processing on this setup.
- The 95th and 99th percentile latencies show consistent performance, with writes significantly faster than reads (write 95th: **9.5 ms** vs read 95th: **17.4 ms**).
- Latency for writes was very low (mean: **3.7 ms**) compared to reads (mean: **6.3 ms**), indicating fast write processing on this Arm64 VM.
- The 95th and 99th percentile latencies show consistent performance, with writes significantly faster than reads.
- There were no errors or GC overhead, confirming stable and reliable benchmarking results.
- Overall, the Arm64 VM provides efficient and predictable performance, making it suitable for high-throughput Cassandra workloads.

Overall, the Arm64 VM provides efficient and predictable performance, making it suitable for high-throughput Cassandra workloads.