chore: remove deprecated dev CLI subgroup and docker logic (#20607)

[ChidiebereNjoku]

Closes #20607

Overview

As outlined in the linked issue, the dev CLI subgroup is largely unused in modern contribution workflows and still references deprecated -dev Docker repository naming conventions.

Modifications made in this PR:

• Removed src/prefect/cli/dev.py and cleanly unregistered the dev_app from src/prefect/cli/_app.py.
• Removed the deprecated -dev docker naming logic from src/prefect/utilities/dockerutils.py.
• Cleaned up all associated tests (tests/cli/test_dev.py), documentation (docs/v3/api-ref/python/prefect-cli-dev.mdx), and the scripts/build-all-dev-images helper script.

Checklist

• This pull request references any related issue by including "closes <link to issue>"
  • If no issue exists and your change is not a small fix, please create an issue first.
• If this is a complex change, a maintainer has confirmed the proposed approach on the linked issue.
• If this pull request adds or changes functionality, it includes tests or explains why tests are not needed. (Note: Code removed, associated tests removed)
• If this pull request changes user-facing behavior, it updates documentation or explains why documentation is not needed. (Note: Internal CLI docs removed)
• If this pull request removes docs files, it includes redirect settings in mint.json.
• If this pull request adds functions or classes, it includes helpful docstrings.

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

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Reviewed commit: 4b0146af0e

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[chatgpt-codex-connector]

Restore dockerutils until callers are migrated

Deleting this module breaks every remaining import of prefect.utilities.dockerutils: the reviewed tree still imports it from src/prefect/docker/docker_image.py, src/prefect/deployments/runner.py, src/prefect/_internal/buildx.py, and multiple integration workers. In those contexts, simply importing prefect.docker.DockerImage or using Docker-backed deployments/workers will raise ModuleNotFoundError before any replacement logic can run, so the shared helpers need to remain or all callers need to be moved first.

Useful? React with 👍 / 👎.

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

Remove deleted dev API page from navigation

This page is deleted, but docs/docs.json still registers v3/api-ref/python/prefect-cli-dev at line 1237. With that navigation entry left behind, the published docs point to a missing API reference page after this change, so the docs nav/redirects need to be updated when removing the generated page.

Useful? React with 👍 / 👎.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will not alter performance

✅ 8 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 1 skipped benchmark¹

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_{Comparing ChidiebereNjoku:chore/remove-dev-cli (8f1e10e) with main (4e68599)}

Footnotes

1. 1 benchmark was skipped, so the baseline result was used instead. If it was deleted from the codebase, click here and archive it to remove it from the performance reports. ↩

[desertaxle]

Thanks for opening a PR @ChidiebereNjoku! Codex's review comments and the CI failures will need to be resolved before we can consider merging. Please request another review from me when you think it's ready.