v0.16.1

⚠️ Do not upgrade your mainnet or testnet node until you receive an official announcement.
Upgrades are communicated via official channels. See upgrade instructions for details.

⚠️ Mandatory upgrade for all mainnet nodes before 2026-09-02 14:30 UTC. This release sets the MONAD_TEN activation timestamp for mainnet. A node still on v0.16.0 or earlier after that instant will continue applying MONAD_NINE rules and diverge from the network.

monad (execution) v0.16.1 Changelog

Tag: v0.16.1
Commit: 7279dfc7b

Highlights

• MONAD_TEN activation on mainnet — MIP-8 (page-encoded storage) activates on mainnet at timestamp 1788359400 (2026-09-02 14:30 UTC). Mainnet counterpart to the testnet activation shipped in v0.16.0.
• Page-encoded timeline now required on mainnet — nodes must present either a page-encoded primary (Phase C) or an active secondary timeline (Phase A/B dual-db), or they will fail to start.
• Dual-db commit support in the ethblocks runloop, allowing nodes still in Phase A/B to commit to both timelines.

Protocol changes

• Set MONAD_TEN activation timestamp for mainnet — 1788359400 (2026-09-02 14:30 UTC). MONAD_NINE remains in effect for timestamps below that. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2489
• Enforce page-encoded timeline assertion on mainnet — previously testnet-only. Nodes that have not completed Phase A (dual-db activation) will fail to start. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2489

Robustness fixes

• Allow dual-db commit in runloop_monad_ethblocks where secondary_db is optional, so Phase A/B nodes commit to both timelines. Ref: monad (execution) commit df14e67bb

Internal changes

• Consolidate dual-db mirroring behind for_each_db, replacing duplicated commit paths in runloop_monad. Ref: monad (execution) commit d836afc18

Full Changelog: v0.16.0...v0.16.1

v0.15.2

⚠️ Do not upgrade your mainnet or testnet node until you receive an official announcement.
Upgrades are communicated via official channels. See upgrade instructions for details.

monad (execution) v0.15.2 Changelog

Tag: v0.15.2
Commit: 2422a8592

Highlights

• MIP-8 gas schedule — adds page-based storage gas schedule; eth_createAccessList deduplicates storage keys by page (activation in a future release)
• Follow-up to MIP-12: Block reward validation — maximum block reward is now validated; blocks exceeding the cap are rejected
• EIP-7843: Consensus round in tx context — Monad consensus round number threaded into evmc_tx_context via BlockHeader::slot_number
• Dual-timeline DB support — MPT database supports a secondary page-encoded timeline; statesync works with both slot- and page-encoded databases

Protocol changes

• MIP-8: Gas schedule for page-based storage — adds page-based gas schedule (activation in a future release). Ref: monad (execution) PR #2268
• Follow-up to MIP-12: Validate maximum block reward — blocks exceeding the cap are now rejected. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2365
• EIP-7843: Thread Monad consensus round into evmc_tx_context via BlockHeader::slot_number. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2324
• AMSTERDAM EVM revision — new EVM revision targeting the Amsterdam hardfork. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2368

RPC/SDK changes

• eth_createAccessList now deduplicates storage keys by page under MIP-8. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2253
• Fix eth_getStorageAt returning 0 on page-encoded nodes. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2393
• eth_call execution revert error code changed from -32603 to 3 — aligns with standard EVM behavior.

Robustness fixes

• Memory-bounded LRU cache for execution state reads. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2376
• Statesync: reject messages with trailing bytes. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2370
• Trim both timelines in tandem in dynamic history length adjustment. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2431
• Expose dual-DB migration phase via FFI. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2433
• Fix monad-mpt --activate-secondary corrupting DB metadata on nodes that previously ran --upgrade; adds monad-mpt --repair to recover affected pools. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2403
• DbCache read-through caching — reads now cached on miss, reducing redundant disk reads during page-encoded commit. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2414

Internal changes

• Dual-timeline: MPT database supports a secondary timeline. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2228, PR #2302
• Page storage: TrieDb and runloop are page-encoding-aware; statesync works with page-encoded databases. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2354, PR #2383, PR #2385, PR #2386
• monad-cli --version now accepts latest_finalized. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2364
• Support binary snapshot dump/load on secondary timeline and page-encoded DB. Ref: monad (execution) PR #2366

Full Changelog: v0.15.1...v0.15.2

v0.15.1

⚠️ Do not upgrade your mainnet or testnet node until you receive an official announcement.
Upgrade instructions are communicated via official channels. See upgrade instructions for details.

monad (execution) v0.15.1

Tag: v0.15.1
Commit: 817a09f64

No execution-layer changes. The monad binary is identical to v0.15.0.

See monad-bft v0.15.1 release for full changelog.

Full Changelog: v0.15.0...v0.15.1

v0.15.0

⚠️ Do not upgrade your mainnet or testnet node until you receive an official announcement.
Upgrades are communicated via official channels. See upgrade instructions for details.

monad (execution) v0.15.0 Changelog

Tag: v0.15.0
Commit: 817a09f64

Highlights

• One-time DB metadata migration required (monad-mpt --upgrade) — bumps DB schema MONAD007 → MONAD008, initializing secondary timeline metadata for upcoming dual-timeline support

Robustness fixes

• Convert user-facing MONAD_ASSERT to MONAD_ASSERT_THROW — prevents panics on malformed RPC input
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2337
• Enforce staking syscall ordering — validation now rejects staking syscalls submitted out of order
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2320
• Fix event payload overflow check — rounds up size before alignment check to prevent assertion failure on large payloads
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2194
• Fix MONAD007→MONAD008 migration data corruption on nodes with ≥15.8 TB disk — prevents db_offsets overrun and root-offsets ring bound violation during monad-mpt --upgrade
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2387
• Fix monad-mpt --upgrade crash on legacy databases — fixes integer underflow causing Assertion 'r != MAP_FAILED' on nodes with databases created before num_cnv_chunks was added to the storage pool footer
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2353

Internal changes

• Dual-timeline: add secondary timeline metadata and monad-mpt --upgrade DB migration tool
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2212
• MPT memory-ordering fix: route version_lower_bound_ reads through acquire accessor to fix data race on reader path
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2310
• Fix missing cast from monad_eth_revision to evmc_revision
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2308
• Add --disable-sq-thread-cpu flag to cmd/monad
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2333
• Remove support for Petersburg and Constantinople forks (Ethereum replay only)
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2327, monad (execution) PR #2325
• monad-mpt status output format changed — the line previously showing MPT database has N history, earliest is X latest is Y now reads MPT database has been configured to retain no more than Z versions., with block height on the Latest finalized is <block> line. monad-status has been updated; operators using custom scripts parsing monad-mpt output should update to read Latest finalized is instead of the old latest is pattern.
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2228

Full Changelog: v0.14.7...v0.15.0

v0.14.7

⚠️ Do not upgrade your mainnet or testnet node until you receive an official announcement.
Upgrades are communicated via official channels. See upgrade instructions for details.

monad (execution) v0.14.7 Changelog

Tag: v0.14.7
Commit: 3d04e824b

v0.14.7 is a hotfix on top of v0.14.6. If upgrading from v0.14.5 or earlier, this release includes all v0.14.6 execution changes listed below.

---

v0.14.7 changes (hotfix)

RPC/SDK changes

• Mixed TX envelope decoding for eth_simulateV1 — accepts both direct legacy RLP list payloads and string-wrapped envelopes (EIP-2930, EIP-1559); fixes crash on legacy transactions
  • Ref: monad PR #2355
• Throw on missing TX result — converts MONAD_ASSERT to MONAD_ASSERT_THROW in execute_block_transactions so RPC process fails gracefully instead of crashing
  • Ref: monad PR #2356

---

v0.14.6 changes (included in this release)

RPC/SDK changes

• eth_simulateV1 implementation — simulate multiple transactions across multiple blocks with state/block overrides, trace transfers, and call limits
  • Ref: monad PR #2060
• Graceful state override failure — eth_simulateV1 state override errors now return a structured error response instead of an assertion failure
  • Ref: monad PR #2335

Internal changes

• Restructure intrinsic_gas as additive feature gates (includes latent EIP-7702 gas bug fix)

Full Changelog: v0.14.6...v0.14.7

v0.14.6

⚠️ Do not upgrade your mainnet or testnet node until you receive an official announcement.
Upgrades are coordinated via official channels. See upgrade instructions for details.

monad (execution) v0.14.6 Changelog

Tag: v0.14.6
Commit: 19ea3f147

RPC/SDK changes

• Graceful state override failure — eth_simulateV1 state override errors now return a structured error response instead of an assertion failure
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2335
• eth_simulateV1 implementation — simulate multiple transactions across multiple blocks with state/block overrides, trace transfers, and call limits
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2060

Internal changes

• Activate Prague on Ethereum mainnet replay
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2301
• Add EIP-6110 deposit requests (Ethereum replay)
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2277
• Add EIP-7691 blob parameters (Ethereum replay)
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2300
• Generalize EIP-7685 request hashing (Ethereum replay)
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2273
• Introduce in-tree monad_eth_revision type, replacing evmc_revision
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2304
• Vendor silkpre is_valid_signature
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2293
• Remove support for EVMC_BYZANTIUM
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2283
• Restructure intrinsic_gas as additive feature gates (+ latent EIP-7702 gas bug fix)
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2305

Full Changelog: v0.14.5...v0.14.6

v0.14.5

monad (execution) v0.14.5 Changelog

Tag: v0.14.5
Commit: ffefb81a0

Robustness fixes

• Reject non-canonical RLP encoded strings/lists
  • Ref: PR #2245
• Prevent iterator overrun on odd input length
  • Ref: PR #2257
• Preserve access lists for reverted frames
  • Ref: PR #2241

Internal changes

• Remove intx library, replace with custom uint128_t/uint256_t types
  • Ref: PR #2143
• Make DbCache a member of TrieDb
  • Ref: PR #2255

Full Changelog: v0.14.4...v0.14.5

v0.14.4

monad (execution) v0.14.4 Changelog

Tag: v0.14.4
Commit: 6c75a8851

Robustness fixes

• [Execution] Clamp precompile input allocations to prevent slow block vector
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2224

Internal changes

• [Execution] zkVM: add partial trie DB — new partial MPT implementation for the zkVM guest program (RISC-V), including RLP-encoded execution witness decoder
  • Ref: monad (execution) PR #2170

See monad-bft v0.14.4 release for full changelog.

Full Changelog: v0.14.3...v0.14.4

v0.14.3

Tag: v0.14.3
Commit: 7fcd693f7

Robustness fixes

• [Execution] Fix DbCache assert-fail when reading finalized state older than latest finalized block
  • Ref: PR #2190
  • Replaces assertion with explicit checks; fixes incorrect truncated value propagation when walking the chain back past the latest finalized block
• [Execution] Raise MIN_HISTORY_LENGTH floor from 257 to 300
  • Ref: PR #2217
  • Execution requires 256 history blocks for the block hash buffer; the old floor of 257 left only a one-block margin. Under disk pressure, history could shrink below 256 after a restart, forcing a full statesync. New floor gives ~44 blocks of headroom; also bumps the stored cap on existing DBs at init time so nodes carried over from an older binary aren't pinned at 257.
• [Execution] Fix evm-as PushLabel encoding at offset zero for pre-Shanghai targets
  • Ref: PR #2213
  • Fixes incorrect PUSH0 encoding in the EVM assembler for pre-Shanghai code paths

Performance changes

• [Execution] Extend trie span optimization to fnext, child_off, and SharedPtr arrays
  • Ref: PR #2176
• [Execution] Remove inflight read coalescing from rwdb find path
  • Ref: PR #2183
• [Execution] Elide DB fetch in State::is_touched
  • Ref: PR #2198

Full Changelog: v0.14.2...v0.14.3

v0.14.2

monad (execution) v0.14.2 Changelog

Tag: v0.14.2
Commit: 169e5c45b

Robustness fixes

• [Execution] Fix possible UB in unaligned read
  • Ref: PR #2168
• [Execution] Fix incorrect auto_expire_version initialization after DB reset
  • Ref: PR #2167
• [Execution] Fix compaction progress reset during statesync
  • Ref: PR #2133
  • Fixes compaction head being incorrectly reset to 0 during statesync, causing compaction to restart from the beginning

Performance changes

• [Execution] Optimize trie node array access (8-9x speedup on compaction hot path)
  • Ref: PR #2163
  • Hoists base pointers for packed node arrays via std::span<unaligned_t<T>>; reduces redundant pointer recomputation in compaction, expiration, and version tracking loops

Internal changes

• [Execution] Replace system boost fiber with submodule (boost-1.83.0)
  • Ref: PR #2157
• [Execution] Separate precompile gas cost calculation from runtime implementation
  • Ref: PR #2099, PR #2098
  • Prep work for zkVM compilation
• [Execution] Remove support for EVMC_FRONTIER
  • Ref: PR #2041
• [Execution] Add block-level event recording for Ethereum and Monad replay
  • Ref: PR #2006
  • Emits BLOCK_START/BLOCK_END events during replay, making replay event streams usable for tooling