ENT-12600: configure: Documented and refactored script

[larsewi]

• configure: Removed code duplication
• configure: Reformatted case statements for consistency
• configure: Remove CODE_COVERAGE build type
• configure: Fixed shellcheck issues
• configure: Decrease verbosity of script

Example output:

 ---snip---
configure: debug: running configure on core repo...
configure: debug: running configure on enterprise repo...
configure: debug: running configure on nova repo...
Error: Failed to run: env CFLAGS=-g2 -O1  ./configure --prefix=/var/cfengine --libdir=/var/cfengine/lib --with-workdir=/var/cfengine --sysconfdir=/etc --with-openssl=/var/cfengine --with-pcre2=/var/cfengine --with-librsync=/var/cfengine --with-init-script --with-lmdb=/var/cfengine --without-pthreads-w32 --with-ldap=/var/cfengine --with-libxml2=/var/cfengine --with-libyaml=/var/cfengine --with-librsync=/var/cfengine --with-leech=/var/cfengine --with-libacl=/var/cfengine --without-libvirt --with-libcurl=/var/cfengine --with-postgresql=/var/cfengine --without-mysql --with-cfmod --with-enterprise-api --with-postgresql=/var/cfengine --with-systemd-service --enable-debug
--- Start of Output ---
 ---snip---
configure: error: Cannot find php devel files
--- End of Output (Error Code: 1) ---

[cf-bottom]

Thanks for submitting a pull request! Maybe @craigcomstock can review this?

[larsewi]

Build with no tests