Fix test failure table naming with unique suffixes

[andtrott]

Summary

This PR addresses the issue where test failure tables in parallel execution environments (e.g., hourly/daily Airflow DAGs) overwrite each other due to non-unique table names. It adds support for unique suffixes on test failure tables to ensure proper isolation during parallel runs.

Problem

When running dbt tests with store_failures: true in parallel environments:

• Multiple DAG runs can overwrite the same test failure table
• Debugging becomes difficult as failure data gets replaced
• Log messages show table names without suffixes, causing confusion

Solution

This PR implements a complete solution in dbt-core that:

1. Adds new configuration options to TestConfig:

   • store_failures_unique: Boolean to enable unique table suffixes
   • store_failures_suffix: Strategy for generating suffixes

2. Supports multiple suffix strategies:

   • invocation_id: Uses first 8 chars of invocation ID (default)
   • timestamp: Full timestamp (YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS)
   • date: Date only (YYYYMMDD)
   • hour: Date and hour (YYYYMMDD_HH)
   • Custom string literals

3. Updates compilation process:

   • Generates suffix during test compilation
   • Modifies node.alias with suffix before relation creation
   • Ensures logging shows the actual table name with suffix
   • Works for all adapters without adapter-specific changes

Key Changes

• Modified core/dbt/artifacts/resources/v1/config.py to add new config fields
• Updated core/dbt/compilation.py to generate and apply suffixes to node.alias
• Added unit tests for suffix generation logic
• Added changelog entry

Why This Solution Works

The key insight is that test materializations use model['alias'] to create the table identifier, not model['relation_name']. By modifying node.alias during compilation (before create_from() is called), the suffix is automatically included in both:

• The table identifier used by the materialization
• The relation_name used for logging

This keeps all suffix logic in dbt-core, providing a single source of truth that works for all adapters.

Testing

• Unit tests added for various suffix strategies
• Verified suffix generation logic works correctly
• Ensures backward compatibility (no suffix when disabled)

Related Work

• Fixes issue: Test failure table names should support unique suffixes for parallel execution #11938
• Closes [Feature] Add optional unique suffixes to test failure table names for parallel execution support dbt-adapters#1276 (moved implementation to dbt-core)
• Companion PR for dbt-adapters: feat: add optional unique suffixes to test failure table names dbt-adapters#1277 UPDATE: No longer needed - solution is complete in dbt-core

Breaking Changes

None. The feature is opt-in and backward compatible.

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide
• I have added tests to cover my changes
• I have added a changelog entry
• This PR fixes an issue: Test failure table names should support unique suffixes for parallel execution #11938

[github-actions]

Additional Artifact Review Required

Changes to artifact directory files requires at least 2 approvals from core team members.

[github-actions]

Thank you for your pull request! We could not find a changelog entry for this change. For details on how to document a change, see the contributing guide.

[github-actions]

Thank you for your pull request! We could not find a changelog entry for this change. For details on how to document a change, see the contributing guide.

[andtrott]

Added changelog entry in commit ad483f9. The entry has been added to following the project's changie format.

[arnab-sarkar-ant]

LGTM!