Add weather extension for GRIB2 and NOAA GFS

[onnimonni]

New Extension: weather

Read GRIB2 weather data and query NOAA GFS forecasts directly from DuckDB.

Features

• read_grib(path) - Read GRIB2 files from local paths or HTTP URLs
• noaa_gfs_forecast_api() - Query NOAA GFS forecasts with SQL WHERE filter pushdown
• Weather macros - Temperature, wind, pressure, humidity conversions and descriptions
• H3 integration - Works with DuckDB H3 extension for spatial indexing

Repository

https://github.com/onnimonni/duckdb-weather

Requirements

• Rust toolchain (for GRIB2 parsing)
• Excluded platforms: windows_amd64_mingw, wasm_*

Data Sources

• NOAA GFS: Global, 0.25° resolution, 4x daily, 16-day forecast
• License: Public Domain (NOAA data), MIT (extension)

Example

-- Query NOAA GFS forecast
SELECT variable, level, round(kelvin_to_celsius(AVG(value)), 1) as temp_c
FROM noaa_gfs_forecast_api()
WHERE run_date = current_date
  AND forecast_hour = 24
  AND variable = 'temperature'
  AND level = '2m'
  AND latitude BETWEEN 61 AND 62
  AND longitude BETWEEN 23 AND 24
GROUP BY variable, level;

[carlopi]

Hey, thanks for the contribution, I am not exactly sure what's off with the build time error, but one way to side step that is skipping the linux_amd64_musl build.

Could you also possibly open an issue regarding the issue? Thanks!