Kaspa on Rust

Welcome to the Rust-based implementation of the Kaspa full-node and its ancillary libraries. The contained node release serves as a drop-in replacement to the established Golang node and to date is the recommended node software for the Kaspa network, introducing developers to the possibilities of Rust in the Kaspa network's context.

We invite developers and blockchain enthusiasts to collaborate, test, and optimize our Rust implementation. Each line of code here is an opportunity to contribute to the open-source blockchain movement, shaping a platform designed for scalability and speed without compromising on security and decentralization.

Your feedback, contributions, and issue reports will be integral to evolving this codebase and continuing its maturity as a reliable node in the Kaspa network.

The default branch of this repository is master and new contributions are constantly merged into it. For a stable branch corresponding to the latest stable release please pull and compile the stable branch.

The Crescendo Hardfork

The Crescendo Hardfork took place on May 5, 2025, at approximately 15:00 UTC. The fork has transitioned the network from a blockrate of 1 BPS to that of 10 BPS, and incorporated several major KIPs.

Installation

Building on Linux

1. Install general prerequisites

   sudo apt install curl git build-essential libssl-dev pkg-config

2. Install Protobuf (required for gRPC)

   sudo apt install protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev #Required for gRPC

3. Install the clang toolchain (required for RocksDB and WASM secp256k1 builds)

   sudo apt-get install clang-format clang-tidy \
   clang-tools clang clangd libc++-dev \
   libc++1 libc++abi-dev libc++abi1 \
   libclang-dev libclang1 liblldb-dev \
   libllvm-ocaml-dev libomp-dev libomp5 \
   lld lldb llvm-dev llvm-runtime \
   llvm python3-clang

4. Install the rust toolchain

   If you already have rust installed, update it by running: rustup update

5. Install wasm-pack

   cargo install wasm-pack

6. Install wasm32 target

   rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown

7. Clone the repo

   git clone https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa
   cd rusty-kaspa

Building on Windows

1. Install Git for Windows or an alternative Git distribution.

2. Install Protocol Buffers and add the bin directory to your Path

3. Install LLVM-15.0.6-win64.exe

   Add the bin directory of the LLVM installation (C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin) to PATH

   set LIBCLANG_PATH environment variable to point to the bin directory as well

   IMPORTANT: Due to C++ dependency configuration issues, LLVM AR installation on Windows may not function correctly when switching between WASM and native C++ code compilation (native RocksDB+secp256k1 vs WASM32 builds of secp256k1). Unfortunately, manually setting AR environment variable also confuses C++ build toolchain (it should not be set for native but should be set for WASM32 targets). Currently, the best way to address this, is as follows: after installing LLVM on Windows, go to the target bin installation directory and copy or rename LLVM_AR.exe to AR.exe.

4. Install the rust toolchain

   If you already have rust installed, update it by running: rustup update

5. Install wasm-pack

   cargo install wasm-pack

6. Install wasm32 target

   rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown

7. Clone the repo

   git clone https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa
   cd rusty-kaspa

Building on Mac OS

1. Install Protobuf (required for gRPC)

   brew install protobuf

2. Install llvm.

   The default XCode installation of llvm does not support WASM build targets. To build WASM on MacOS you need to install llvm from homebrew (at the time of writing, the llvm version for MacOS is 16.0.1).

   brew install llvm

   NOTE: Homebrew can use different keg installation locations depending on your configuration. For example:

   • /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm -> /opt/homebrew/Cellar/llvm/16.0.1
   • /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/16.0.1

   To determine the installation location you can use brew list llvm command and then modify the paths below accordingly:

   % brew list llvm
   /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/16.0.1/bin/FileCheck
   /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/16.0.1/bin/UnicodeNameMappingGenerator
   ...

   If you have /opt/homebrew/Cellar, then you should be able to use /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm.

   Add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:

   export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"
   export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib"
   export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/include"
   export AR=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/llvm-ar

   Reload the ~/.zshrc file

   source ~/.zshrc

3. Install the rust toolchain

   If you already have rust installed, update it by running: rustup update

4. Install wasm-pack

   cargo install wasm-pack

5. Install wasm32 target

   rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown

6. Clone the repo

   git clone https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa
   cd rusty-kaspa

Building with Docker

You can build the project using Docker in two ways: a simple single-architecture build, or a multi-architecture build using the provided script.

1. Simple Docker Build

To build for your current architecture (e.g., linux/amd64):

docker build -f docker/Dockerfile.kaspad -t kaspad:latest .

Replace Dockerfile.kaspad with the appropriate Dockerfile for your target (kaspad, kaspa-wallet, rothschild, or simpa).

2. Multi-Architecture Build

To build images for multiple architectures (e.g., linux/amd64 and linux/arm64) and optionally push them to a registry, use the build-docker-multi-arch.sh script:

./build-docker-multi-arch.sh --tag <tag> --artifact <artifact> [--arches "<arches>"] [--push]

• --tag <tag>: (required) The Docker image tag to use.
• --artifact <artifact>: The build target/artifact (default: kaspad). Must match the Dockerfile name, e.g., kaspad for Dockerfile.kaspad.
• --arches "<arches>": Space-separated list of architectures (default: "linux/amd64 linux/arm64").
• --push: If specified, the built images will be pushed to your Docker registry.

Examples:

Build and push a multi-arch image for kaspad:

./build-docker-multi-arch.sh --tag myrepo/kaspad:latest --artifact kaspad --push

Build a multi-arch image for kaspa-wallet without pushing:

./build-docker-multi-arch.sh --tag kaspa-wallet:test --artifact kaspa-wallet

Note:
In order to use build-docker-multi-arch.sh, you need Docker with Buildx enabled.

Building WASM32 SDK

Rust WebAssembly (WASM) refers to the use of the Rust programming language to write code that can be compiled into WebAssembly, a binary instruction format that runs in web browsers and NodeJs. This allows for easy development using JavaScript and TypeScript programming languages while retaining the benefits of Rust.

WASM SDK components can be built from sources by running: - ./build-release - build a full release package (includes both release and debug builds for web and nodejs targets) - ./build-docs - build TypeScript documentation - ./build-web - release web build - ./build-web-dev - development web build - ./build-nodejs - release nodejs build - ./build-nodejs-dev - development nodejs build

IMPORTANT: do not use dev builds in production. They are significantly larger, slower and include debug symbols.

Requirements

• NodeJs (v20+): https://nodejs.org/en
• TypeDoc: https://typedoc.org/

Builds & documentation

• Release builds: https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/releases
• Developer builds: https://kaspa.aspectron.org/nightly/downloads/
• Developer TypeScript documentation: https://kaspa.aspectron.org/docs/

Kaspa CLI + Wallet

kaspa-cli crate provides a cli-driven RPC interface to the node and a terminal interface to the Rusty Kaspa Wallet runtime. These wallets are compatible with WASM SDK Wallet API and Kaspa NG projects.

cd cli
cargo run --release

Local Web Wallet

Run an http server inside of wallet/wasm/web folder. If you don't have once, you can use the following:

cd wallet/wasm/web
cargo install basic-http-server
basic-http-server

The basic-http-server will serve on port 4000 by default, so open your web browser and load http://localhost:4000

The framework is compatible with all major desktop and mobile browsers.

Running the node

Start a mainnet node

cargo run --release --bin kaspad
# or with UTXO-index enabled (needed when using wallets)
cargo run --release --bin kaspad -- --utxoindex

Start a testnet node

cargo run --release --bin kaspad -- --testnet

Start a devnet node

Start the DevNet node with the following command:

cargo run --bin kaspad -- --devnet --enable-unsynced-mining --rpclisten=127.0.0.1 --rpclisten-borsh=127.0.0.1 --utxoindex

• enable-unsynced-mining is required when the network isn't synchronized, which is the case on the first launch
• uxtoindex enables the UTXO index, which is necessary for wallet functionality.
• rpclisten-borsh and rpclisten-borsh are likely to be required by mining softwares

note: it will take a bit of time for difficulty to adjust, so you may need to wait a bit before you see blocks being mined consistently.

Using a configuration file

cargo run --release --bin kaspad -- --configfile /path/to/configfile.toml
# or
cargo run --release --bin kaspad -- -C /path/to/configfile.toml

• The config file should be a list of <CLI argument> = <value> separated by newlines.
• Whitespace around the = is fine, arg=value and arg = value are both parsed correctly.
• Values with special characters like . or = will require quoting the value i.e <CLI argument> = "<value>".
• Arguments with multiple values should be surrounded with brackets like addpeer = ["10.0.0.1", "1.2.3.4"].

For example:

testnet = true
utxoindex = false
disable-upnp = true
perf-metrics = true
appdir = "some-dir"
netsuffix = 11
addpeer = ["10.0.0.1", "1.2.3.4"]

Pass the --help flag to view all possible arguments

cargo run --release --bin kaspad -- --help

wRPC

wRPC subsystem is disabled by default in kaspad and can be enabled via:

JSON protocol:

--rpclisten-json=<interface:port>
# or use the defaults for current network
--rpclisten-json=default

Borsh protocol:

--rpclisten-borsh=<interface:port>
# or use the defaults for current network
--rpclisten-borsh=default

Sidenote:

Rusty Kaspa integrates an optional wRPC subsystem. wRPC is a high-performance, platform-neutral, Rust-centric, WebSocket-framed RPC implementation that can use Borsh and JSON protocol encoding.

JSON protocol messaging is similar to JSON-RPC 1.0, but differs from the specification due to server-side notifications.

Borsh encoding is meant for inter-process communication. When using Borsh both client and server should be built from the same codebase.

JSON protocol is based on Kaspa data structures and is data-structure-version agnostic. You can connect to the JSON endpoint using any WebSocket library. Built-in RPC clients for JavaScript and TypeScript capable of running in web browsers and Node.js are available as a part of the Kaspa WASM framework.

Benchmarking & Testing

Simulation framework (Simpa)

The current codebase supports a full in-process network simulation, building an actual DAG over virtual time with virtual delay and benchmarking validation time (following the simulation generation).

To see the available commands

cargo run --release --bin simpa -- --help

The following command will run a simulation to produce 1000 blocks with communication delay of 2 seconds and 8 BPS (blocks per second) while attempting to fill each block with up to 200 transactions.

cargo run --release --bin simpa -- -t=200 -d=2 -b=8 -n=1000

Heap Profiling

Heap-profiling in kaspad and simpa can be done by enabling heap feature and profile using the --features argument

cargo run --bin kaspad --profile heap --features=heap

It will produce {bin-name}-heap.json file in the root of the workdir, that can be inspected by the dhat-viewer

Tests

Run unit and most integration tests

cd rusty-kaspa
cargo test --release
// or install nextest and run

Using nextest

cd rusty-kaspa
cargo nextest run --release

Lints

cd rusty-kaspa
./check

Benchmarks

cd rusty-kaspa
cargo bench

Logging

Logging in kaspad and simpa can be filtered by either:

1. Defining the environment variable RUST_LOG

2. Adding the --loglevel argument like in the following example:

   (cargo run --bin kaspad -- --loglevel info,kaspa_rpc_core=trace,kaspa_grpc_core=trace,consensus=trace,kaspa_core=trace) 2>&1 | tee ~/rusty-kaspa.log
   

   In this command we set the loglevel to INFO.