[cluster-autoscaler-1.34] Add peer fields to replace inlined Kubernetes API fields

[jackfrancis]

What type of PR is this?

/kind api-change

What this PR does / why we need it:

This is a manual cherry-pick of #8660.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

NONE

Additional documentation e.g., KEPs (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposals), usage docs, etc.:

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[jackfrancis]

/test pull-cluster-autoscaler-e2e-azure-1.34

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[jackfrancis]

@liggitt when this lands in the 1.34 branch we can do this:

Yes. That means we should cut a patch release with this change now to seed use of the new peer fields and encourage integrations to update and start making use of the new wrapper / proto / peer fields now so they can straddle 1.34/1.35 without disruption.

cc @towca

[jackfrancis]

/test pull-cluster-autoscaler-e2e-azure-1-34