Fix casting of invalid time values

[aidanharan]

Fix the following test:

https://github.com/rails-sqlserver/activerecord-sqlserver-adapter/actions/runs/11743718880/job/32717200431?pr=1257

  1) Failure:
AttributeMethodsTest#test_0088_time zone-aware attributes do not recurse infinitely on invalid values [/usr/local/bundle/bundler/gems/rails-c694e575cf0f/activerecord/test/cases/attribute_methods_test.rb:933]:
Expected: []
  Actual: nil

Test introduced by rails/rails#53359