Add loopup caches in ModuleEnvironment to improve execution speed

[DavyLandman]

Perf fix 1: getModule

The profiler showed that 10% of the time was spend in the loops that were going over the importedModules and for every one of them a get on the global heap.

I think the only reason this indirection existed was for reloading modules, but those graphs are always kept in sync, unless a module failed to load, and then they get deleted. So that event was propagated to the down stream modules.

Benchmarking showed that this decreased runtime of the checker by about 10%

Perf fix 2: getAllFunctions

The profiler also showed 8--10% of the time spend in calculating all functions reachable in a module. We now also have a cache around this calculation. This provided a 5% extra speed bump.

Benchmark:

A full typecheck of all stdlib (no parallel processing)

main (which includes type parameter caching #2417)

real    45m5.033s
user    50m21.411s
sys     0m10.656s

this branch

real    38m50.557s
user    41m48.807s
sys     0m8.843s

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 18 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 47%. Comparing base (3cb5ead) to head (1641294).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...g/rascalmpl/interpreter/env/ModuleEnvironment.java	79%	11 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...g/rascalmpl/interpreter/env/GlobalEnvironment.java	44%	5 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##              main   #2441   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage       47%     47%           
- Complexity    6613    6617    +4     
=======================================
  Files          783     783           
  Lines        64650   64676   +26     
  Branches      9673    9672    -1     
=======================================
+ Hits         30694   30715   +21     
- Misses       31562   31565    +3     
- Partials      2394    2396    +2     

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[jurgenvinju]

Excellent! I think we have one cache clear too many but I'm not sure. Please have a look.