Backport PR #3098 on branch 3.1.x (refactor warnings)

[meeseeksmachine]

Backport PR #3098: refactor warnings

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 70.90909% with 16 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 94.54%. Comparing base (61873e5) to head (45ed28d).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on 3.1.x.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py	33.33%	12 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/_compat.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/convenience.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/creation.py	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/testing/__init__.py	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##            3.1.x    #3344      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   94.40%   94.54%   +0.13%     
==========================================
  Files          78       78              
  Lines        9405     9423      +18     
==========================================
+ Hits         8879     8909      +30     
+ Misses        526      514      -12     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/zarr/api/synchronous.py	92.95% <100.00%> (+0.10%)	⬆️
src/zarr/codecs/transpose.py	89.47% <ø> (ø)
src/zarr/core/array.py	97.10% <100.00%> (-0.33%)	⬇️
src/zarr/core/buffer/gpu.py	90.00% <100.00%> (+0.12%)	⬆️
src/zarr/core/chunk_grids.py	91.58% <100.00%> (+0.07%)	⬆️
src/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py	93.13% <100.00%> (-0.96%)	⬇️
src/zarr/core/common.py	93.38% <100.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
src/zarr/core/dtype/common.py	85.54% <100.00%> (ø)
src/zarr/core/group.py	95.03% <100.00%> (+0.22%)	⬆️
src/zarr/core/metadata/v2.py	91.27% <100.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
... and 9 more

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

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